Foliage biomass distribution of loblolly pine as affected by tree dominance, crown size, and stand characteristics

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 887-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingguang Xu ◽  
Timothy B Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Relative Height ◽  
Biomass Distribution ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Branch Diameter ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Horizontal And Vertical Distributions ◽  
Georgia Piedmont

Horizontal and vertical distributions of foliage biomass of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were analyzed for 30 trees in a plantation that had developed 12 years after several site-preparation treatments in the Georgia Piedmont, U.S.A. Regression analyses indicated that foliage biomass of individual branches increased with branch diameter and with branch relative height. Weibull models were used to characterize foliage biomass distributions and analyses revealed that branch foliage biomass distribution varied with branch-level, tree-level, and stand-level variables. Results indicate that the proportion of foliage biomass occurring within the inner crown increased with branch diameter and relative height. For trees of greater dominance, branch foliage biomass was more evenly distributed across the branch length. With increasing crown ratio of a tree, branch foliage biomass shifted from the inner to the outer crown. For trees of greater dominance, the vertical distribution of crown foliage biomass was more even, whereas less dominant trees shifted their foliage to the top of the crown. For trees of similar dominance, crown foliage tended to shift upward as stand leaf area index increased.

scholarly journals A Growth and Yield Model Incorporating Hardwood Competition for Natural Loblolly Pine Stands in the Georgia Piedmont

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey W. Martin ◽  
Graham H. Brister
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Projection Equations ◽  
Georgia Piedmont ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Using 5 yr remeasurement data from even-aged natural loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands in the Georgia Piedmont, a system of growth equations was developed to project pine yield over time that accounts for hardwood competition. In this system, the increase in the proportion of hardwood basal area over time is estimated, then the projected pine basal area and trees per acre are adjusted inversely to account for this increase. The parameter estimates for this system ensure compatibility between volume prediction and projection equations and the proportion of hardwood basal area, pine basal area, dominant height, and trees per acre projection equations. The whole-stand growth and yield system developed here coupled with published merchantable yield equations allow for the evaluation of the impact of hardwoods on future stand yield and product distributions. The results indicate that the impact of hardwood competition on pine yield is substantial and occurs mainly as a reduction in sawtimber volume. South. J. Appl. For. 16(3):179-185.

Performance of Livingston Parish Loblolly Pine in the Georgia Piedmont

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
H. R. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Georgia Piedmont ◽  
Atlantic Coastal

Abstract Seedlings of Livingston Parish (Louisiana) loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) have been widely used across the Gulf and south Atlantic Coastal Plain to reduce the damage caused by the fusiform rust disease. Since this seed-source material provided the first rust-resistant seedlings available to forestland managers, it was used wherever rust damage was heavy, in some cases into the Piedmont north of the recommended area of planting. This paper evaluates the performance of ten-year-old Livingston Parish trees in such an area. The rust resistance of the Livingston Parish trees was outstanding, with 83% being free of disease as compared with only 14% of the commercial controls. There was no difference in growth between the two groups of trees, and ice breakage was not significantly greater in the Livingston Parish trees. South. J. Appl. For. 10:84-87, May 1986.

Variation in biomass distribution and nutrient content in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) clones having contrasting crown architecture and growth efficiency

2015 ◽  
Vol 342 ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica M. Garcia Villacorta ◽  
Timothy A. Martin ◽  
Eric J. Jokela ◽  
Wendell P. Cropper ◽  
Salvador A. Gezan
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Crown Architecture ◽  
Biomass Distribution ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Modeling trends in stem quality characteristics of loblolly pine trees in unthinned plantations

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1446-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungkee Choi ◽  
Harold E. Burkhart ◽  
Ralph L. Amateis
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Relative Height ◽  
Stem Quality ◽  
Pine Trees

Trends in stem quality characteristics of loblolly pine trees were investigated by using data from unthinned control plots established in plantations across 12 southern states in the United States and measured at 3 year intervals. At each measurement, the stem quality was classified into (i) single stem or forked, (ii) normal top or broken top, (iii) straight or sweep (bole sweep, butt sweep, short crook), and (iv) no disease or disease. Data through the first 15 years of observation showed that, on average, 4% of the trees were forked, 5% had broken tops, 41% had sweep, and 12% had disease or insect damage; 48% exhibited single stem, normal top, straight, and no disease or insect damage. Recovery rates out of forked, broken top, sweep, and disease classes were 37%, 83%, 30%, and 11%, respectively, over the 15 years. Multicategorical logit models were developed to predict stem quality characteristics from stand-and tree-level variables. Forked trees were related with tree diameter; broken tops were related with stand density, DBH, and relative height; sweep was related with stand age. Significant predictor variables for the incidence of disease or insect attack were not found. The occurrence of undamaged and disease-free trees can be predicted from DBH and relative height.

scholarly journals Effect of Hardwoods and Pine Density on Natural Loblolly Pine Yields and Product Distribution

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
Barry D. Shiver ◽  
Graham H. Brister
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Yield Function ◽  
Variable Threshold ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Georgia Piedmont

Abstract Data from 75 yield plots in natural loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands from the Georgia Piedmont were used to investigate the effects of hardwood and pine stand density on pine yields and product distribution. A yield function incorporating percentage of total basal area in hardwoods and the number of pine trees per acre, and a modifying equation to estimate merchantable volume to any top diameter limit above variable threshold diameters, were developed and used to evaluate these effects. There was a slight decrease in total yield as pine trees per acre increased, but the percentage of total yield in sawtimber decreased dramatically above 100 trees/ac. Hardwoods also decreased yields with virtually all of the decrease coming from sawtimber. South. J. Appl. For. 20(2):99-102.

Effect of Some Seedling Morphology and Planting Quality Variables on Seedling Survival in the Georgia Piedmont

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry D. Shiver ◽  
Bruce E. Borders ◽  
Henry H. Page ◽  
Steven M. Raper
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
First Year ◽  
Seedling Morphology ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Georgia Piedmont ◽  
Root Collar

Abstract A seedling survival study for site-prepared loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations, consisting of 43 locations, was established during two planting seasons in 1986-87 in the Georgia Piedmont. Seedlings with top lengths less than 15 cm and with root collar diameters less than 2.5 mm survived significantly worse than larger seedlings, but such small seedlings comprised less than 2% of seedlings bagged and planted in the study. Culling in the field to eliminate such a small percentage of seedlings in addition to culling already done at the nursery is probably not worth the expense from a survival standpoint. Terminal bud condition was not related to survival. Seedlings planted deeper than root collar diameter survived the same as seedlings planted at root collar depth, but shallow planted seedlings had significantly poorer survival. Very loosely planted seedlings were more likely to die than firmly planted seedlings, but slightly loose seedlings survived as well as tightly planted seedlings. Differences between operationally planted and experimentally planted plots indicated that an average 10% increase in survival was possible from close planting crew supervision. Over 90% of first-year mortality occurred on both operationally and experimentally planted plots by the end of July. South. J. Appl. For. 14(3):109-114.

Using miniature-scale plantations as experimental tools for assessing sustainability issues

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph L Amateis ◽  
Mahadev Sharma ◽  
Harold E Burkhart
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Forest Certification ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Scaled Models ◽  
Rates Of Growth

Decisions concerning ecosystem management, forest certification, and sustainable management require stand- and tree-level information that reflects current silvicultural and management practices. Typical forest stands, however, take years to mature making timely data collection, analyses, and reporting difficult. Further, collecting and evaluating certain forest stand information that affects sustainability such as belowground biomass response or response to changing climatic factors is often intractable. One modeling tool that may be useful for supplying future informational needs at the tree and stand level is the use of miniature scale plantations. Data from a miniature scale spacing trial for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) that was established at 1:16 scale to an operational study suggest that important stand characteristics associated with forest productivity develop similarly at the two scales. Once models are formulated that relate the size of trees (spatially scaled models) and the rates of growth (temporally scaled models) grown at miniature scale to their operational scale counterparts, it may become feasible to conduct experimentation in miniature and make inferences to operational scales.

A framework for modeling the dynamics of first-order branches and spatial distribution of knots in loblolly pine trees

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Trincado ◽  
Harold E. Burkhart
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Branch Diameter ◽  
First Order ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Tree Growth Model

A stochastic model to simulate the processes of initiation, diameter growth, death, and self-pruning of branches in loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) trees is presented. Information on whorl formation and branch growth was obtained from destructive sampling of whorl sections from 34 trees growing under 10 different initial spacings. Three different components were modeled and hierarchically connected: whorl, branches, and knots. For each new growing season, whorls and branches are assigned stochastically along and around the stem. Thereafter, branch diameter growth is predicted as a function of relative location within the live crown and stem growth. The branch model was linked to an individual-tree growth model, PTAEDA3.1, to simulate the dynamics of first-order branches arising from the main stem. Information on (i) vertical trend of branch diameter along and around the stem, (ii) volume of knots (live and dead portions), and (iii) spatial location, size, and type (live and dead) of knots can be obtained. In its current stage, the framework allows evaluation of the quality of trees and sawlogs produced, inclusion of additional wood properties, and linkage with industrial conversion processes (e.g., sawing simulation). However, further research is needed to obtain data on branch dynamics to validate the overall performance of the model and improve developed submodels.

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