Monitoring male reproductive success in a Japanese black pine clonal seed orchard with RAPD markers

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 983-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Goto ◽  
F Miyahara ◽  
Y Ide
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Male Reproductive Success ◽  
Black Pine ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Japanese Black Pine ◽  
Management Techniques

Overall male reproductive success was investigated in a Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) clonal seed orchard consisting of 16 nematode-resistant clones, using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. We genotyped all 16 of the orchard clones at selected RAPD loci by analyzing diploid needles and 10 haploid megagametophytes from each of them. In addition, the male parent of open-pollinated seedlings was identified by comparing their phenotypes with the genotypes of the orchard clones. In this way the male parents of 559 seedlings of 648 seedlings of progenies from 14 parental (orchard) clones were determined. The level of external pollen contamination in the seed orchard was estimated to be 2.2% for the total population. The effective mean selfing rate observed was 1.5%. Male reproductive success among clones varied widely, from 0.8 to 24.4%, for the total population. Our data suggest that the significant deviation in male reproductive success of individual clones from panmictic ratios may be a problem for the genetic quality in seed orchard crops. To improve the parental balance of seed orchard crops, the use of artificial management techniques such as gibberellin A4/7 treatment, supplemental mass pollination, and rearrangement of clonal ramets is recommended in seed orchards.

scholarly journals Reproductive Success of Pollen Derived From Selected and Non-Selected Sources and its Impact on the Performance of Crops in a Nematode-Resistant Japanese Black Pine Seed Orchard

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Goto ◽  
A. Watanabe ◽  
F. Miyahara ◽  
Y. Mori
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Male Reproductive Success ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Black Pine ◽  
Pollen Contamination ◽  
Japanese Black Pine ◽  
External Sources

Abstract The reproductive success of pollen derived from selected and non-selected sources and its impact on the performance of orchard crops were evaluated, using five pairs of microsatellite markers, in a Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) clonal seed orchard consisting of 16 nematode-resistant clones. The paternity of each open-pollinated seed was determined by comparing the genotypes of seeds from six clones (24 trees) with genotypes of the 16 orchard clones and two trees (N1, N2) representing other genotypes that had been inadvertently included in the orchard. Out of 384 seeds examined, the paternity of 316 seeds (82.3%) was assigned to the clones within the seed orchard. On average, the male reproductive success of orchard clones varied from 0.0% to 10.5%, and was significantly related to the male-flowering fecundity of each clone. It was not related to the synchrony of flowering phenology between mates. The expected proportions of seeds produced by clonal trees as a result of pollination by orchard clones, and by contaminating pollen originating from internal and external sources were estimated at 86.8%, 3.3% and 9.9%, respectively. Nematode-resistant seedlings of Japanese black pine were produced from surviving 2-yr seedlings that had previously been inoculated with pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus). Without pollen contamination, the survival rate of seedlings produced by mating between resistant clones is expected to be 62.4%. However, in this orchard the figure was reduced to 57.5%, due to pollen contamination from both internal and external sources.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation and Realized Genetic Gain From Black Pine Tree Improvement

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 96-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Matziris
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Black Pine ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Pine Tree

Summary In 1978 a 10 ha clonal seed orchard of black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) was established in the area of Koumani in the western part of Peleponnesos, Greece. The orchard comprises 52 clones derived from intensively selected plus trees in the natural forest of black pine of Peloponnesos. In 1991 three open pollinated progeny tests were established in Peloponnesos, proximal to the villages of Raches, Vlachokerasia and Vamvakou. Seedlings from 52 families including a commercial check (CC) were planted in each one of the three locations. Assessments were made when the trees were 4, 7 and 9 years respectively, with the following results. The variation among families for growth characteristics were highly significant in all locations examined. In the combined analyses of variance over the three locations, significant differences among families were also detected, while the family x location interaction effect was not significant. This indicates that the seed produced from the seed orchard can be freely used over the environments of the three experimental plantings, which are representative of the broad area of Peloponnesos. Narrow sense heritability estimates on individual tree basis (h2) were variable depending on the characteristic, age of assessment and the location of the experimental plantings. The estimates of h2 in Vlachokerasia for height (HT) were 0.21, 0.40 and 0.43 at the ages of 4, 7 and 9 years respectively. In Raches the corresponding h2 values for HT were nearly the same in all ages (0.29, 0.28 and 0.31 at 4, 7 and 9 years respectively) and stable but little higher (0.31, 0.28 and 0.31) at the Vamvakou experimental planting. The heritability values for HT estimated over the three location, were relatively low (0.25, 0.23 and 0.19) at the ages 4, 7 and 9 years respectively. Realized genetic gains were calculated for growth characteristics at the age of 9 years, by comparing the performance of the improved (selected) materials to unimproved materials (CC). For the first stage of selection (selection made in natural stands) gain of 6.0% for HT, 8.0% for diameter breast height (DBH) and 24% for volume were estimated. When 20% of the clones, with the lower breeding values are removed from the seed orchard (genetic thinning), an additional gain of 2% for HT, 3% for DBH and 8% for volume over the unrogued seed orchard is resulted. Thus, the total genetic gain from the genetically tested, first generation seed orchard of black pine at Koumani is estimated as 8% for HT, 11% for DBH and 32% for volume. These results indicate that improvement of black pine by selection, establishment of seed orchard and progeny testing the clones, is a very promising profitable operation.

RAPD markers linked to a gene for resistance to pine needle gall midge in Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii)

2000 ◽  
Vol 100 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 391-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kondo ◽  
K. Terada ◽  
E. Hayashi ◽  
N. Kuramoto ◽  
M. Okamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Pinus Thunbergii ◽  
Black Pine ◽  
Pine Needle ◽  
Japanese Black Pine ◽  
Pine Needle Gall Midge

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Male Reproductive Success in a Cryptomeria japonica Seed Orchard Revealed by Microsatellite Marker Analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Moriguchi ◽  
S. Tsuchiya ◽  
H. Iwata ◽  
S. Itoo ◽  
N. Tani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Pollen Competition ◽  
Male Reproductive Success ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Pollen Donor ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
External Sources

AbstractWe investigated the influence of male flower production, floral synchrony and inter-tree distances on male reproductive success in a miniature seed orchard of Cryptomeria japonica. We used six microsatellite markers to determine the paternity of each seed. In the seed orchard, the average pollen contamination and clonal self-fertilization rates were 38.7% and 1.7%, respectively. The level of male reproductive success of constituent clones varied from 0.0 to 15.7%. Five clones showing the highest male reproductive success contributed ca. 30% of all analyzed seeds as a pollen donor after excluding contamination by external sources of pollen. The statistical analyses showed that male reproductive success was strongly influenced by male flower production of each clone and, possibly, by their distance to the mother trees. The linear regression which included male flower production and floral synchrony as independent variables, however, accounted for only 14.7% of variation of male reproductive success, suggesting that other factors such as pollen competition might also influence male reproductive success. Since we found no significant correlation between male reproductive and female reproductive successes, it may be better to equalize male and female reproductive successes independently

scholarly journals RAPD markers and black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) intraspecies taxonomy - Evidence from the study of nine populations

2011 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlatko Liber ◽  
Toni Nikolić ◽  
Bożena Mitić ◽  
Zlatko Śatović
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Black Pine ◽  
Molecular Systematic ◽  
Anatomical Analysis

Although intraspecies researches within the black pine (<em>Pinus nigra </em>Arnold) have a long tradition, the intraspecies taxonomy, classification and chorology are still unclear. Among the numerous reasons that have caused this situation the most important are: the absence of a study that would completely cover the whole range of this species, the impossibility of connection of results of the existing detailed studies of certain areas, and the high variability of traits which have been used so far. Since the characteristics of the molecular systematic techniques could make possible the research free of the mentioned shortages, the intention of this study was to determine the relationships among nine populations of black pine using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The obtained results were compared to the recent results of the morphological and anatomical analysis of the leaves of the same populations. The RAPD results clearly divided the Croatian populations from populations of Austria (subsp. <em>nigra</em>) and Turkey (subsp. <em>pallasiana</em>), while among Croatian populations, as in previous study, the existence of several groups (subsp. <em>illyrica</em>, subsp. <em>dalmatica </em>and transitional population between them) was noticed. It is assumed that the optimisations conducted in this study will finally make possible estimating the relationships on the level of the whole range of the black pine and the classification based on molecular traits that are probably less dependent on environmental influences than it has been the case with the characteristics mostly used so far.

Determination of paternal and maternal parentage in lodgepole pine seed: full versus partial pedigree reconstruction

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1122-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Funda ◽  
Cherdsak Liewlaksaneeyanawin ◽  
Yousry A. El-Kassaby
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Male Reproductive Success ◽  
Pedigree Reconstruction ◽  
Chloroplast Microsatellite ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Seed Crops

Estimating seed orchards’ maternal and paternal gametic contributions is of importance in assessing the genetic quality of seed crops. The advantage of full over partial pedigree reconstruction in investigating the mating dynamics in a lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud. ssp. latifolia Engelm.) seed orchard population (N = 74) was demonstrated using nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers. We analyzed offspring of equivalent sample sizes representing full (bulk seed with unknown maternal and paternal parentage (n = 635)) and partial (11 maternal family arrays (n = 619)) pedigree reconstruction methods. Small differences in selfing rate, gene flow, and male reproductive success were observed between the two methods; however, the full pedigree reconstruction enabled simultaneous estimation of female-related fertility parameters (female reproductive success and effective number of maternal parents) that partial pedigree reconstruction could not provide. The use of bulk random sample of seed from orchards’ crops is recommended when male and female fertility parameters, as well as selfing and contamination rates, are needed for seed orchards’ seed crops genetic rating.

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