Benefit–cost analysis of DNA marker-based selection in progenies of Pinus radiata seed orchard parents

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 2213-2224
Author(s):  
P L Wilcox ◽  
S D Carson ◽  
T E Richardson ◽  
R D Ball ◽  
G P Horgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Dna Marker ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Qtl Detection ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Marginal Costs ◽  
Structural Grade ◽  
Financial Gains

The financial viability of DNA marker-based within-family selection (MBS) compared with full-sib family forestry was evaluated for Pinus radiata Donn. ex D. Don. Two traits were investigated: wood density (WD) and diameter at breast height (DBH, 1.4 m). Assuming 20 biallelic loci of equal additive effect controlling trait variation in 15 unrelated top full-sib families of P. radiata, marginal costs of quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection and selection were estimated based on an average of slightly less than five loci per family. We assumed a program where 10 genotypes per family per year were deployed over a 5-year period, and each replicated 100 000 times via fascicle cuttings methods. Estimated marginal costs were NZ$32 and NZ$72 per 1000 plants for WD and DBH, respectively. Genotyping costs were the single largest component for both traits. Genetic gains were estimated by modifying predicted log volumes (DBH) or proportion of structural-grade timber (WD) with and without pruning. Estimated genetic gains ranged from 3.2 to 3.4%. Net present values (assuming a 9.5% discount rate) ranged from an average of NZ$51 to NZ$621/ha. Results showed that MBS for DBH was more profitable than for WD, despite markedly higher costs of QTL detection. All trait-silviculture combinations showed financial gains with internal rates of return of 9% or greater, even when estimated revenues were decreased 70% from forecast revenues. While this analysis is based on a large number of assumptions, it is robust and the results show that significant financial gains from MBS are possible even when selection is based upon DNA markers linked to a few loci each of relatively small effect.

Benefit–cost analysis of DNA marker-based selection in progenies of Pinus radiata seed orchard parents

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 2213-2224 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.L. Wilcox ◽  
S.D. Carson ◽  
T.E. Richardson ◽  
R.D. Ball ◽  
G.P. Horgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Dna Marker ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost

scholarly journals Deterministic Simulation of Gains for Seedling and Cloned Main and Elite Breeding Populations of Pinus radiata and Implications for Strategy

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 259-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. A. Shelbourne ◽  
S. Kumar ◽  
R. D. Burdon ◽  
L. D. Gea ◽  
H. S. Dungey
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Deterministic Simulation ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Main Population

Abstract Genetic gains in breast-height diameter were estimated using deterministic simulation. Simulations of gain from one generation of selection were undertaken in large Main and small Elite breeding populations for a range of heritabilities, with varying numbers of parents, families, seedlings/family, clones/family and ramets/ clone to aid revision of the New Zealand Pinus radiata breeding strategy. Cloned versus seedling populations of equal numbers of plants were simulated, derived from open pollination, polycrossing, and pair crossing. Balanced within-family selection was used for 200, 400 and 800-parent Main breeding populations and among- and within-family selection for 25-parent Elite populations of 25 up to 100 full-sib families. Predicted gains from within-family selection in the Main population were highest from cloned polycross families at all heritabilities and lowest for seedling fullsib families. Gains from cloned populations were higher than seedling equivalents at heritabilities ≤0.5, and their advantage in gain was greatest at lower heritabilities. Elite populations of 25 parents showed similar trends but intensive among- and within-family selection resulted in much higher gains than from the Main, highest from the cloned options. The increase in gain with increased number of families diminished with more than 2-3 times as many families as parents. A new strategy was proposed for P. radiata, based on the simulation results, involving an expanded Main breeding population of open-pollinated (OP) seedling families, together with pair-cross family seedlots already available, supported by parentage reconstruction using DNA markers. Forwards selection in small cloned Elite populations was proposed as the main source of seed orchard clones.

Realized genetic gains observed in a first generation seedling seed orchard for jack pine in New Brunswick, Canada

New Forests ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. H. Weng ◽  
K. Tosh ◽  
G. Adam ◽  
M. S. Fullarton ◽  
C. Norfolk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Seedling Seed Orchard ◽  
Realized Genetic Gains

scholarly journals Performance and genetic variation in a provenance test of Araucaria cunninghamii

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanderley dos Santos ◽  
Ananda Virginia de Aguiar ◽  
Bruno Marchetti de Souza ◽  
Daniela Araujo ◽  
Celso Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Stem Form ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Provenance Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection Intensities ◽  
Araucaria Cunninghamii

Abstract: The objective of this work was to assess the genetic variability of Araucaria cunninghamii in a provenance test and to estimate the genetic gains in its wood production, based on different selection intensities. The trial was established in Luís Antônio, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, using open-pollinated seed from Queensland, Australia. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block with six replicates, and four plants per plot. Diameter at breast height (DBH), stem form, and survival were measured at 29 years after planting. Significant differences were detected among provenances. The coefficient of genotypic variation between provenances was high (60%) for DBH and stem form. The mean values for DBH and stem form were 23.21 cm and 4.50, respectively. The provenances Langkelly Creek, Brooweena L.A., Yarraman, and St. Agnes showed the best performance for DBH, and Imbil Seed Orchard, Brooweena L.A, St. Agnes, St. John, and Yarraman, for stem form. Genetic gains ranged from 0.5 to 24.8% for DBH, and from 0.9 to 3.5% for stem form.

scholarly journals Efficiencies of Clonally Replicated and Seedling Testing for Spruce Breeding and Deployment Strategies

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 292-300
Author(s):  
Y. H. Weng ◽  
Y. S. Park ◽  
D. Simpson ◽  
T. J. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Seedling Test

AbstractGenetic gains based on a genetic test using clonal replicates were compared to those based on a test using seedlings at the same gene diversity and testing effort levels using POPSIM™ Simulator. Three testing and deployment strategies targeting for white spruce (P. glauca [Moench] Voss) and black spruce (P. mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) in New Brunswick were compared: seedling test with clonal seed orchard deployed as seedlings (CSO_ST), clonally replicated test with clonal seed orchard deployed as seedlings (CSO_CRT), and clonally replicated test deployed as a clone mix (MVF). The breeding populations (BP) were formed by balanced within-family selection and the production populations (PP) were selected by strong restriction on relatedness, i.e., no parent in common. Compared to the seedling test, the clonally replicated test resulted in faster accumulation of additive effects but quicker loss of additive variance in the BP, and this is particular true in the case of lower narrow-sense heritability or less non-additive genetic variance. The quicker loss in BP additive variance was overcompensated for by its faster accumulation in BP additive effect, resulting in higher gain in the clonally replicated test based PPs. Compared to the CSO_ST, the gain superiority of the CSO_CRT increased with generations, decreasing narrow-sense heritability or reducing the amount of non-additive variance. Implementing MVF was the most effective in terms of gain in most simulated cases and its superiority over the CSO_ST increased with generations, decreasing narrowsense heritability, or increasing non-additive genetic variance. Overall results demonstrated significant advantages of using clonally replicated test both for BP advancement and PP selection in most of the scenarios, suggesting that clonally replicated test should be incorporated into current spruce breeding strategies.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation Amongst and Within The Native Provenances of Pinus radiata D. Don in South-eastern Australia. 1. Growth and form to age 26 years

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 242-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn A. Raymond ◽  
M. Henson
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
New South ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Large Trial ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Stem Straightness

Abstract Four hundred and sixty individual families of Pinus radiata, representing all provenances and populations in a 1978 seed collection, plus a local seed orchard control, were planted together in 1980 in a large trial in southern New South Wales, Australia. Provenance means and genetic parameters for growth measured at ages 3, 8 and 26 years plus stem straightness, branch angle and nodality at age 26 years are reported. Large provenance differences were apparent for all traits. The two island provenances, Cedros and Guadalupe, were significantly inferior to the mainland provenances and, due to competition effects, very few trees survived to age 26. Within the mainland provenances, the performance of Año Nuevo and Monterey was almost identical, with Cambria being less vigorous. The best performing seedlot for all traits was the local control. Differences between populations within the mainland provenances were apparent for diameter at age 26 within Año Nuevo and Cambria but not Monterey. Año Nuevo also showed population differences for stem straightness. Heritabilities for early growth were similar within Año Nuevo and Monterey but by age 26, the heritability for diameter was higher in Monterey. Within Cambria, heritabilities for growth and tree form at age 26 were close to zero. Genetic correlations between traits showed similar patterns for each of the mainland provenances, with the exception of correlations with stem straightness within Año Nuevo. Results are discussed in light of recent molecular studies of genetic architecture, levels of inbreeding in the native stands and possible effects of this inbreeding.

scholarly journals Benefit-Cost Analysis of Environmental Projects: A Plethora of Biases Understating Net Benefits

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip E. Graves
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Marginal Costs ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Proper Science

There are many reasons to suspect that benefit-cost analysis applied to environmental policies will result in policy decisions that will reject those environmental policies. The important question, of course, is whether those rejections are based on proper science. The present paper explores sources of bias in the methods used to evaluate environmental policy in the United States, although most of the arguments translate immediately to decision-making in other countries. There are some “big picture” considerations that have gone unrecognized, and there are numerous more minor, yet cumulatively important, technical details that point to potentially large biases against acceptance on benefit-cost grounds of environmental policies that have true marginal benefits greater than true marginal costs, both in net present value terms. It is hoped that the issues raised here will improve future conduct of benefit-cost analyses of environmental policies.

Application of a chloroplast DNA marker in seed orchard management evaluations of Douglas-fir

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
M U Stoehr ◽  
B L Orvar ◽  
T M Vo ◽  
J R Gawley ◽  
J E Webber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Marker ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Orchard Management ◽  
Cp Genome

We evaluated pollen contamination, supplemental mass pollination efficacies, and natural selfing in a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) clonal-row seed orchard using a genetic marker on the paternally inherited chloroplast (cp) genome. A primer pair for the polymerase chain reaction amplification of a variable region on the cpDNA in Douglas-fir was developed. The amplified DNA product was highly variable in size, yielding 13 different haplotype bands from 20 orchard genotypes growing in the clonal-row seed orchard. Observed band sizes ranged from 859 to 1110 base pairs (bp). To estimate variation levels in the orchard background pollen pool, 96 assayed genotypes from surrounding stands gave rise to 36 different haplotypes, ranging from 367 to 1119 bp in size, resulting in a gene diversity estimate of 0.91. Most orchard clones' haplotypes were also present in the background. After adjusting for the presence of orchard-type haplotypes in the background, contamination was found to be 40%. Natural selfing in six individual clones ranged from 0 to 19% with an average of 6%. Supplemental mass pollination efficacy was estimated to be 55%, ranging from 39 to 73%, depending on the maternal clone and flowering phenology. This DNA marker proved to be very useful in assessing seed orchard mating dynamics and orchard management efficacies for Douglas-fir.

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