Application of a chloroplast DNA marker in seed orchard management evaluations of Douglas-fir

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
M U Stoehr ◽  
B L Orvar ◽  
T M Vo ◽  
J R Gawley ◽  
J E Webber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Marker ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Orchard Management ◽  
Cp Genome

We evaluated pollen contamination, supplemental mass pollination efficacies, and natural selfing in a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) clonal-row seed orchard using a genetic marker on the paternally inherited chloroplast (cp) genome. A primer pair for the polymerase chain reaction amplification of a variable region on the cpDNA in Douglas-fir was developed. The amplified DNA product was highly variable in size, yielding 13 different haplotype bands from 20 orchard genotypes growing in the clonal-row seed orchard. Observed band sizes ranged from 859 to 1110 base pairs (bp). To estimate variation levels in the orchard background pollen pool, 96 assayed genotypes from surrounding stands gave rise to 36 different haplotypes, ranging from 367 to 1119 bp in size, resulting in a gene diversity estimate of 0.91. Most orchard clones' haplotypes were also present in the background. After adjusting for the presence of orchard-type haplotypes in the background, contamination was found to be 40%. Natural selfing in six individual clones ranged from 0 to 19% with an average of 6%. Supplemental mass pollination efficacy was estimated to be 55%, ranging from 39 to 73%, depending on the maternal clone and flowering phenology. This DNA marker proved to be very useful in assessing seed orchard mating dynamics and orchard management efficacies for Douglas-fir.

Effects of pollen tube number and archegonium number on reproduction in Douglas-fir: significance for seed orchard management

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1483-1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reed W. Crook ◽  
William E. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Clonal Variation ◽  
Tube Number ◽  
Orchard Management ◽  
Number Increase ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Significant Bearing

Analyses of the relationships between pollen tube number and fertilization number and between archegonium number and fertilization number in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) indicate strong trends toward higher levels of simple polyembryony as both pollen tube number and archegonial number increase on a per-seed basis. These relationships have a significant bearing on the management of conifer seed orchards. Simple polyembryony has been proposed to be an effective means of increasing competition on a per-seed basis in conifers and, potentially, the overall fitness of progeny. In conifers, supplemental mass pollination has the direct effect of increasing the number of pollen tubes per ovule. Clonal variation in average number of archegonia per ovule is also likely to exist among conifers. We propose that when used together, supplemental mass pollination and selection of clones with high archegonial averages may enhance the fitness of seed orchard progeny.

Potential pollen contamination effects on progeny from an off-site Douglas-fir seed orchard: 9-year field results

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 981-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
M U Stoehr ◽  
J E Webber ◽  
C CA Hollefreund ◽  
R A Painter
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Coastal Site ◽  
Management Implications ◽  
Pollen Contamination ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Orchard Management ◽  
Pollen Sources ◽  
Contamination Effects

To evaluate the potential effects of seed orchard pollen contamination from surrounding background sources, we made control pollinations with outside orchard pollen and inside orchard pollen on trees of a Douglas-fir (Pseudo tsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) coastal–interior transition zone seed orchard. The resulting progeny were tested on a transition zone and a coastal site. After nine growing seasons, survival was above 90% on both sites for both pollen sources, and the trees height differences due to pollen source were statistically nonsignificant. Wildstand operational seedlots, used as controls, were 17% shorter than the "contaminated" seedlings. Orchard management implications of these results are discussed.

scholarly journals Intragenomic and intraspecific heterogeneity in rrs may surpass interspecific variability in a natural population of Veillonella

Microbiology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 156 (7) ◽  
pp. 2080-2091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Laure Michon ◽  
Fabien Aujoulat ◽  
Laurent Roudière ◽  
Olivier Soulier ◽  
Isabelle Zorgniotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Housekeeping Gene ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Copies

As well as intraspecific heterogeneity, intragenomic heterogeneity between 16S rRNA gene copies has been described for a range of bacteria. Due to the wide use of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis for taxonomy, identification and metagenomics, evaluating the extent of these heterogeneities in natural populations is an essential prerequisite. We investigated inter- and intragenomic 16S rRNA gene heterogeneity of the variable region V3 in a population of 149 clinical isolates of Veillonella spp. of human origin and in 13 type or reference Veillonella strains using PCR-temporal temperature gel electrophoresis (TTGE). 16S rRNA gene diversity was high in the studied population, as 45 different banding patterns were observed. Intragenomic heterogeneity was demonstrated for 110 (74 %) isolates and 8 (61.5 %) type or reference strains displaying two or three different gene copies. Polymorphic nucleotide positions accounted for 0.5–2.5 % of the sequence and were scattered in helices H16 and H17 of the rRNA molecule. Some of them changed the secondary structure of H17. Phylotaxonomic structure of the population based on the single-copy housekeeping gene rpoB was compared with TTGE patterns. The intragenomic V3 heterogeneity, as well as recombination events between strains or isolates of different rpoB clades, impaired the 16S rRNA-based identification for some Veillonella species. Such approaches should be conducted in other bacterial populations to optimize the interpretation of 16S rRNA gene sequences in taxonomy and/or diversity studies.

Marginal analysis and cost effectiveness in seed orchard management

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 510-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Thomson ◽  
Donald T. Lester ◽  
Jeanne A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Induction Treatment ◽  
Marginal Analysis ◽  
Orchard Management ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Four Quadrant ◽  
The Cost

We use marginal analysis for three seed orchard management decisions. First we consider the roguing of a seed orchard established with many untested trees. We show that inferior parents should be rogued to the point where the number of orchard trees times the average expected volume gain of trees from seed produced by that orchard is maximized. Marginal analysis also is useful where one must choose the number of trees to establish in an orchard planted after progeny tests have identified superior parents. The cost of establishing many ramets to meet early seed production goals can be balanced with the projected value of seed. For the example presented, an additional orchard tree is cost effective if its seed is needed at an orchard age of 12 to 15 years. Finally, we use marginal analysis to determine whether to induce a seed orchard to increase its seed production when there is an excess demand for seed. This decision is guided by balancing the cost of the induction treatment with the combined effect of expected increase in seed harvest, the amount of genetic gain, and the discount rate. We present a four-quadrant decision diagram for estimating this balance. In designing tree improvement programs, these analytical techniques can be applied to proposed alternatives as one way to structure decision making and to provide comparable economic assessments from which cost-effective choices can be made.

Pollen contamination and mating patterns in a Douglas-fir seed orchard as measured by simple sequence repeat markers

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1592-1603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gancho T Slavov ◽  
Glenn T Howe ◽  
W Thomas Adams
Keyword(s):  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Female Receptivity ◽  
Mating Patterns ◽  
Pollen Contamination ◽  
Simple Sequence

Pollen contamination is detrimental to the genetic quality of seed orchard crops. Highly variable simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers make it possible to accurately measure pollen contamination and characterize patterns of within-orchard mating by directly identifying the male and female parent of each seed produced in the orchard. We used nine SSR markers to measure pollen contamination and characterize mating patterns based on seed samples collected in 3 years (1999, 2000, and 2003) from one block of a nonisolated, open-pollinated, clonal seed orchard of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) in western Oregon. Pollen contamination was consistently high across the 3 years (mean = 35.3%, range = 31.0%-41.3%) and appeared to result primarily from cross-pollination among the orchard blocks. Levels of pollen contamination varied substantially among clones and were higher in clones with early female receptivity (mean = 55.5%) than in those with either mid (mean = 36.4%) or late (mean = 28.3%) female receptivity. We detected low rates of self-pollination (mean = 1.8% per clone) and over 10-fold differences in the relative paternal contributions of the clones. There was a clear pattern of positive assortative mating with respect to floral phenology. This study illustrates that SSR markers are powerful tools for characterizing seed lots and improving the design and management of Douglas-fir seed orchards.

scholarly journals Comparison of Genetic Diversity in Naturally Regenerated Norway Spruce Stands and Seed Orchard Progeny Trials

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dainis Ruņģis ◽  
Solveiga Luguza ◽  
Endijs Bāders ◽  
Vilnis Šķipars ◽  
Āris Jansons
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Naturally Regenerated Stands ◽  
Average Gene ◽  
Environmental Events

Forest ecosystems in Europe are expected to experience changes in temperature and water regimes associated with increased risks of extreme environmental events and disasters. Genetic diversity and relatedness has been linked to resilience of forest stands and landscapes. Genetic diversity indicators were compared between a Norway spruce population naturally regenerated after extensive windthrow and Norway spruce progeny populations derived from two seed orchards. In addition, genetic diversity in an undisturbed stand in a long established national park and a spruce genetic resource stand were analyzed. Populations were genotyped at 11 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Average genetic diversity indicators were similar across populations. However, the total number of alleles, average number of alleles over all loci, effective number of alleles, average gene diversity, and average allelic richness were highest in the naturally regenerated population and lowest in one of the seed orchard progeny populations. The genetic diversity in progeny from seed orchards used for stand renewal is comparable to the genetic diversity in naturally regenerated stands. However, fluctuations in seed production between years can have a large impact on genetic diversity in seed orchard progeny. The use of improved Norway spruce germplasm deployed via clonal seed orchards for forest renewal can maintain similar levels of genetic diversity compared to naturally regenerated stands, while also increasing production and timber quality.

Preliminary Performance of the Computerized Inventory-Monitoring System for Pine Seed Orchards

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-176
Author(s):  
Scott A. Merkle ◽  
Peter P. Feret ◽  
David L. Bramlett
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Productivity Data ◽  
Orchard Management ◽  
Sources Of Variation

Abstract A seed orchard Inventory-Monitoring System (IMS) and companion computer program were tested for predictive accuracy and monitoring effectiveness in an operational loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) seed orchard. The IMS was used to predict 1980 and 1981 cone harvests by tracking the survival of strobili on sample trees representing each producing clone in the orchard. The 1980 cone harvest was substantially overestimated, possibly due to the use of generalized cone efficiency estimates. Predictions for the 1981 cone harvest, made with the benefit of clonal cone efficiency estimates from the 1980 crop, were much more accurate, under-estimating the actual harvest by as little as 5%.Predictive performance of the IMS is expected to improve with accumulation of productivity data for each clone and with the reduction of nonclonal sources of variation resulting from improved orchard management practices. Seed orchard-to-nursery efficiency (SO-NE) data from the system's monitoring function showed that low SO-NE values for the orchard of 22 % in 1980 and 24 % in 1981 were due mainly to low cone efficiency and low seed efficiency.2

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document