Removal of phenolic compounds from a petrochemical effluent with a methanogenic consortium

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Charest ◽  
J -G Bisaillon ◽  
F Lépine ◽  
R Beaudet
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenol Degradation ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
Hydraulic Residence Time ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Proteose Peptone ◽  
Effluent Toxicity ◽  
Anaerobic Consortium ◽  
Very High ◽  
Methanogenic Consortium

A methanogenic consortium was used to degrade phenol and ortho- (o-) cresol from a specific effluent of a petrochemical refinery. This effluent did not meet the local environmental regulations for phenolic compounds (178 mg/L), oils and greases (61 mg/L), ammoniacal nitrogen (75 mg/L) or sulfides (3.2 mg/L). The consortium, which degrades phenol via its carboxylation to benzoic acid, was progressively adapted to the effluent. Despite the very high effluent toxicity (EC50 of 2% with Microtox), the adapted consortium degraded 97% of 156 mg/L phenol in the supplemented effluent after 13 days in batch cultures (serum bottle). The addition of proteose peptone to the effluent is essential for phenol degradation. o-cresol was also transformed but not meta- or para-cresols. A continuous flow fixed-film anaerobic bioreactor was developed with the consortium. Treating the effluent with the bioreactor reduced phenol and phenolic compounds concentrations by 97 and 83%, respectively, for a hydraulic residence time of 6 h. This treatment also reduced by about half the effluent toxicity. Oils and greases and ammoniacal nitrogen were not affected. Similar microbiological forms were observed in serum bottles and in the bioreactors with or without the petrochemical effluent. These results indicate that this methanogenic consortium can treat efficiently the phenolic compounds in this specific petrochemical effluent.Key words: phenolic compounds, anaerobic consortium, petrochemical effluent, biodegradation, methanogenic conditions.

Potential for carboxylation–dehydroxylation of phenolic compounds by a methanogenic consortium

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 642-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Guy Bisaillon ◽  
François Lépine ◽  
Réjean Beaudet ◽  
Michel Sylvestre
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Benzoic Acids ◽  
Substituted Phenols ◽  
Proteose Peptone ◽  
Anaerobic Consortium ◽  
Transformation Activity ◽  
Substituted Benzoic Acids ◽  
Hydroxybenzyl Alcohol ◽  
Methanogenic Consortium

An anaerobic consortium that carboxylated and dehydroxylated phenol to benzoate, and 2-cresol to 3-methylbenzoic acid, under methanogenic conditions was studied. Phenol induced this transformation activity. Addition of 4-hydroxypyridine or an increase in the concentration of proteose peptone to 0.5% (w/v) delayed the transformation. Phenol enhanced the rate of transformation of 2-cresol whereas 2-cresol delayed the transformation of phenol. Phenols with ortho-substitutions (chloro-, fluoro-, bromo-, hydroxyl-, amino-, or carboxyl-) were transformed to meta-substituted benzoic acids. However, meta- and para-substituted phenols (cresols, fluorophenols, and chlorophenols) were not transformed. Phenol was most rapidly metabolized, followed by catechol, 2-cresol, 2-fluorophenol, 2-aminophenol, 2-chlorophenol, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, and 2-bromophenol. The consortium O-demethylated anisole to phenol and 2-methoxyphenol to catechol, and oxidized 2-hydroxybenzyl alcohol to 2-hydroxybenzoic acid. Aniline, 2-ethylphenol, 2-hydroxypyridine, 2-acetamidophenol, 2,6-dimethylphenol, 2-phenylphenol, and 1-naphthol were not metabolized.Key words: phenolic compounds, methanogenic consortium, carboxylation–dehydroxylation.

Microbiological Study of the Carboxylation of Phenols by Methanogenic Fermentation: A Summary

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-G. Bisaillon ◽  
R. Beaudet ◽  
F. Lépine ◽  
M. Sylvestre
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Gaseous Phase ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Minimal Salt Medium ◽  
Salt Medium ◽  
Microbiological Study ◽  
Proteose Peptone ◽  
Benzoate Degradation ◽  
Anaerobic Consortium ◽  
Methanogenic Fermentation

Abstract An anaerobic consortium was isolated for its ability to degrade phenolic compounds under methanogenic conditions. The addition of proteose peptone to the minimal salt medium was necessary in order to maintain its activity. The consortium was shown to degrade phenol via its carboxylation to benzoate. Potential intermediates of benzoate degradation given as substrates to the consortium suggest that benzoate is transformed to 1-cyclohexene carboxylate and to heptanoate. The carboxylating activity of the consortium is not restricted to phenol but efficiently transforms the ortho but not the meta and para isomers of cresol, fluorophenol and chlorophenol. The carboxylation occurs at the para position relative to the phenolic hydroxyl group. The consortium is composed of seven different morphological forms. Phenol carboxylating microorganisms were evaluated at 1 × l08 − 8 × l09 cells/ml. These microorganisms are probably nonsyntrophic since inhibition of methanogenesis and the presence of hydrogen in the gaseous phase did not prevent the carboxylation of phenol. The carboxylating microorganisms have not yet been isolated but an active consortium containing only five morphological forms has been obtained.

Degradation of phenol by a bacterial consortium under methanogenic conditions

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 573-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Béchard ◽  
J.-G. Bisaillon ◽  
R. Beaudet ◽  
M. Sylvestre
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Phenol Degradation ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Proteose Peptone ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Anaerobic Consortium

An anaerobic bacterial consortium was shown to carboxylate phenol to benzoate under methanogenic conditions. Benzoate accumulated in the culture medium and was completely degraded when the incubation period was prolonged. Two potential intermediates of phenol metabolism, namely cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone, were not accumulated or transformed by the consortium. Proteose peptone must be added to the culture medium for the carboxylation of phenol to occur and glucose could not replace proteose peptone. Inhibition of methanogenesis did not affect the carboxylation of phenol and the presence or absence of hydrogen in the gaseous atmosphere did not prevent the accumulation of benzoate. The consortium was composed of various microbiological forms dominated by Gram-negative rods. Phenol-carboxylating microorganisms were evaluated to about ≥ 1 × 108 cells/mL by using diluted inocula. These results suggest that the carboxylation of phenol is accomplished by co-metabolism and that proteose peptone or some degradation products serve as carbon and energy sources for the growth of the carboxylating bacteria, which appear to be present in large numbers in the consortium. Key words: phenol, degradation, anaerobic, consortium, methanogenesis.

scholarly journals Pengujian Toksisitas Lindi Instalasi Pengolahan Lindi TPA Piyungan pada Daphnia sp. dengan Whole Effluent Toxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
Ika Bayu Kartikasari ◽  
M Widyastuti ◽  
Suwarno Hadisusanto
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxic Unit ◽  
Whole Effluent Toxicity ◽  
Effluent Toxicity ◽  
Very High

Lindi adalah rembesan yang melalui tumpukan sampah hasil endapan yang berada di bawah landfill yang terakumulasi yang terdiri dari bahan organik dan anorganik. Lindi hasil pengolahan IPL TPA Piyungan masih memiliki potensi pencemaran lindi menjadi permasalahan yang masih memiliki nilai toksisitas yang tinggi. Perlu adanya pengukuran toksisitas untuk mengetahui pengaruh pencemaran lindi terhadap lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) melakukan analisis efektivitas hasil pengolahan lindi di IPL TPA Piyungan, dan (2) melakukan pengujian toksisitas akut dengan WET (Whole Effluent Toxicity) menggunakan Daphnia sp. pada pengolahan lindi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni melakukan uji laboratorium pada parameter pengolahan lindi yang disesuaikan dengan permen LHK No. 59 tahun 2016 untuk pengukuran efektivitas pengolahan lindi, uji LC50 untuk mengetahui tingkat tokisitas akut pada influen dan efluen pengolahan lindi. proses pengolahan lindi TPA Piyungan terdiri dari Kolam Sedimentasi, Aerasi, dan Desinfeksi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) Efektivitas pengolahan lindi TPA Piyungan pada parameter berturut-turut TSS 56 %; BOD 82 %; COD 0 %; TN 41,67%; dan Hg 14 %. Hasil efektivitas pengolahan lindi tersebut tidak mempengaruhi peningkatan perbaikan kualitas lindi yang disesuaikan Peraturan Menteri LHK No 59/Menlhk/Setjen/Kum.1/7/2016 masih melebihi baku mutu yang telah ditetapkan kecuali parameter BOD, (2) Toksisitas lindi TPA Piyungan dikategorikan Very High Acute Toxicity pada influen dan High Acute Toxicity efluen IPL Piyungan. Kematian 50% populasi daphnia untuk contoh uji influen IPL Piyungan sebesar 0,482% dengan Toxic Unit acute (TUa) sebesar 203,33. Contoh uji efluen IPL Piyungan sebesar 2,752% dengan Toxic Unit acute (TUa) sebesar 36,33.

scholarly journals Nutritional Value and Bioactive Compounds in Andean Ancient Grains

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ritva Repo-Carrasco-Valencia
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Lupinus Mutabilis ◽  
Very High

Quinoa (Cheopodium quinoa), kañiwa (Cheopodium pallidicaule), kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus) and tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis) are ancient crops from the Andean region of South America. Recently, interest in these crops has grown, and worldwide demand for them has increased considerably. The aim of this study was to study the bioactive compounds and nutritional compositions of different varieties/ecotypes of quinoa, kañiwa, kiwicha and tarwi. Proximate, mineral, dietary fibre, fatty acid and amino acid compositions were evaluated. The content of phenolic compounds, tocopherols and phytosterols, and the folic acid and antioxidant capacity, were determined as well. The protein content of the grains was between 13.00% and 20.00%. More important than protein quantity is protein quality, which is demonstrated by the composition of the amino acids. All analysed grains, and especially the kañiwa, had very high lysine content. This amino acid is especially important in vegetarian diets because it is the limiting amino acid in cereal protein. The content of the total phenolic compounds in the studied grains was 27–58 mg gallic acid/100 g of sample. In quinoa, the principal flavonoids found were quercetin and kaempferol, in kañiwa quercetin and isorhamnetin. In kiwicha, no detectable amounts of flavonoids were found. Plant sterols (phytosterols) were another group of biologically active compounds detected. Andean lupin, tarwi, is very rich in oil, which has a beneficial nutritional composition. In conclusion, all studied grains have a very high nutritional value, are interesting sources of bioactive compounds and could be used as ingredients in health-promoting functional foods.

scholarly journals Degradation of Phenol via Meta Cleavage Pathway by Pseudomonas fluorescens PU1

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mahiudddin ◽  
A. N. M. Fakhruddin ◽  
Abdullah-Al-Mahin
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Phenol Degradation ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Ring Cleavage ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Biodegradation Efficiency

Degradation of phenolics by members of soil microflora is an important means by which these substances are removed from the environment thus reducing environmental pollution. Biodegradation by microorganisms offers unique opportunities to destroy or render phenolic compounds. A bacterium, PU1, identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens PU1, was investigated for its ability to grow on and degrade phenols as sole carbon sources in aerobic shaking batch culture. The organism degraded up to 1000 ppm of phenol using meta cleavage pathway. The pathways for phenol degradation were proposed by the identification of metabolites and assay of ring cleavage enzymes in cell extracts. Phenol was degraded via catechol with subsequent metaring cleavage. Cell growth increased as the phenol concentrations increased up to 1000 ppm phenol. The biodegradation efficiency, degradation extent, and metabolic pathway of phenol were determined to provide useful clues for further application of this isolate in the engineered bioremediation systems. The paper's results suggest that Pseudomonas fluorescens PU1 strain could be a good candidate for remediation of phenol contaminants from heavily polluted sites.

scholarly journals Post-harvest quality and quantification of betalains, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in fruits of three cultivars of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L. Mill)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
F P H Gonzalez ◽  
V C Saucedo ◽  
R D Guerra ◽  
E J Suarez ◽  
H R M Soto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Prickly Pear ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Opuntia Ficus Indica ◽  
Prickly Pears ◽  
Very High ◽  
Juice Content

Postharvest quality, quantification of betalains, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity of peel, pulp, and juice of fruits of three prickly pears (Opuntia ficus-indica L. Mill.) cultivars of Colegio de Postgraduados in México, were measured. The red and orange cultivars showed outstanding features of postharvest quality (size, texture, TSS and pulp and juice content) highest content of betalains and phenolic compounds. Therefore, highest antioxidant activity. In general, the highest content of bioactive compounds was detected in the peel, besides the content in pulp and juice did not show statistically significant differences. Phenolic content is very high in comparison with other fruits. Antioxidant activity was measured by three assays:FRAP, ABTS, and DPPH. Three cultivars showed a high correlation between antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds. The methodologies used in this work are a very useful tool for the quantification of bioactive compounds in O. ficus-indica fruit tissues.

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