Microbiote et probiotiques : impact en santé humaine

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 611-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Coudeyras ◽  
Christiane Forestier
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Genus Lactobacillus ◽  
Human Flora ◽  
Constant Improvement

All accessible mucous membranes of the human body are colonized by an abundant and diversified microbial flora called microbiota. Recent studies have shown that these microorganisms, long regarded as purely commensal, have essential beneficial effects on human health. Thus, numerous human ailments are linked to dysbiosis; that is, imbalances in the microflora composition. The administration of probiotic microorganisms could, in some situations, provide substantial relief from such disorders. These live microorganisms, which, according to the definition, confer a health benefit to the host when administered in adequate amounts, are often derived from human flora and belong mostly to lactic acid bacteria, in particular to the genus Lactobacillus . The constant improvement of knowledge of the role of human microbiota and the growing popularity of probiotics are now opening the door to new prophylactic and therapeutic strategies in human health.

scholarly journals Dietary Melatonin Supplementation Could Be a Promising Preventing/Therapeutic Approach for a Variety of Liver Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Bonomini ◽  
Elisa Borsani ◽  
Gaia Favero ◽  
Luigi Rodella ◽  
Rita Rezzani
Keyword(s):  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

In the therapeutic strategies, the role of diet is a well-established factor that can also have an important role in liver diseases. Melatonin, identified in animals, has many antioxidant properties and it was after discovered also in plants, named phytomelatonin. These substances have a positive effect during aging and in pathological conditions too. In particular, it is important to underline that the amount of melatonin produced by pineal gland in human decreases during lifetime and its reduction in blood could be related to pathological conditions in which mitochondria and oxidative stress play a pivotal role. Moreover, it has been indicated that melatonin/phytomelatonin containing foods may provide dietary melatonin, so their ingestion through balanced diets could be sufficient to confer health benefits. In this review, the classification of liver diseases and an overview of the most important aspects of melatonin/phytomelatonin, concerning the differences among their synthesis, their presence in foods and their role in health and diseases, are summarized. The findings suggest that melatonin/phytomelatonin supplementation with diet should be considered important in preventing different disease settings, in particular in liver. Currently, more studies are needed to strengthen the potential beneficial effects of melatonin/phytomelatonin in liver diseases and to better clarify the molecular mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals The food-gut axis: lactic acid bacteria and their link to food, the gut microbiome and human health

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca De Filippis ◽  
Edoardo Pasolli ◽  
Danilo Ercolini
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Public Repositories

ABSTRACT Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are present in foods, the environment and the animal gut, although fermented foods (FFs) are recognized as the primary niche of LAB activity. Several LAB strains have been studied for their health-promoting properties and are employed as probiotics. FFs are recognized for their potential beneficial effects, which we review in this article. They are also an important source of LAB, which are ingested daily upon FF consumption. In this review, we describe the diversity of LAB and their occurrence in food as well as the gut microbiome. We discuss the opportunities to study LAB diversity and functional properties by considering the availability of both genomic and metagenomic data in public repositories, as well as the different latest computational tools for data analysis. In addition, we discuss the role of LAB as potential probiotics by reporting the prevalence of key genomic features in public genomes and by surveying the outcomes of LAB use in clinical trials involving human subjects. Finally, we highlight the need for further studies aimed at improving our knowledge of the link between LAB-fermented foods and the human gut from the perspective of health promotion.

Recent Evidence on the Role of Dietary PUFAs in Cancer Development and Prevention

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 1818-1836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo D`Archivio ◽  
Beatrice Scazzocchio ◽  
Rosaria Vari ◽  
Carmela Santangelo ◽  
Claudio Giovannini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Tumor Subtypes ◽  
Human Cancers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Background: Scientific evidence has been accumulated about the effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on human health. The hypothesis that n-3 PUFAs might improve the efficiency of anticancer drugs has recently been considered. The role of n-6 PUFAs, in contrast, needs to be better assessed. However, the effective mechanisms of action of PUFAs have not been fully clarified yet. This review aims to report the most updated evidence on the role of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs in the development and treatment of human cancers, focusing on the potential mechanisms by which PUFAs exert their effects. Methods: We undertook a structured search in PubMed on February 17th 2017 for peer-reviewed research articles published from 2013. The search syntax used was: PUFA or PUFAs and cancer. Results: Contradictory results were found, most likely due to the genetic background, the different dietary sources used, the interaction among different nutrients, and the tumor subtypes. However, the more recent findings strongly support the use of n-3 PUFAs in cancer prevention and treatment. On the other hand, n-6 PUFAs are often associated with an increased risk of cancer, even if recently their beneficial effects have also been highlighted. Conclusion: N-3 PUFAs may represent a potential therapeutic agent contributing to treat at least some type of human cancers. However, studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up times are still needed. To increase the knowledge about how food and nutrition can improve human health it is advisable to deliver an open access nutritional database.

scholarly journals Lactic acid fermented vegetable juices

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 152-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Karovičová ◽  
Z. Kohajdová
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Biogenic Amines ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Lactic Acid Fermentation ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Genus Lactobacillus

Vegetable juices processed by lactic acid fermentation bring about a change in the beverage assortment for their high nutritive value, high content of vitamins and minerals. Starter cultures of the genus Lactobacillus are added into juices to achieve their desirable properties. This review describes the manufacture of lactic acid fermented vegetable juices and beneficial effects of the lactic acid bacteria (mainly antimicrobial and anticancer effects). A separate part of research is devoted to nutrition aspects of lactic acid fermentation and to the occurrence of biogenic amines in lactic acid fermented vegetables and vegetable juices.  

scholarly journals A Contribution of Beef to Human Health: A Review of the Role of the Animal Production Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Pighin ◽  
Adriana Pazos ◽  
Verónica Chamorro ◽  
Fernanda Paschetta ◽  
Sebastián Cunzolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Health Quality ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Global Food

Meat and meat products constitute important source of protein, fat, and several functional compounds. Although beef consumption may implicate possible negative impacts on human health, its consumption can also contribute to human health. Quality traits of beef, as well as its nutritional properties, depend on animal genetics, feeding, livestock practices, andpost mortemprocedures. Available data show that emerging beef production systems are able to improve both, quality and nutritional traits of beef in a sustainable way. In this context, Argentina’s actions are aimed at maximising beef beneficial effects and minimising its negative impact on human health, in a way of contributing to global food security.

scholarly journals Effects of Probiotics on Human Health and Disease: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
A. Amiri ◽  
F. Firoozeh ◽  
M. Zibaei ◽  
A. Khaledi
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Normal Flora ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Alteration of the gut microbiome in order to achieve a balance in the normal flora of the intestine could be very beneficial in maintaining the health of the human. Probiotics are living microbial supplements that are added to the diet and have beneficial effects on the host by improving the balance of the intestinal microflora. The purpose of this study is to review previous studies on the effects of probiotics on human health and various diseases. The Farsi and English electronic databases such as, SID, Iranmedex, Magiran, Google Scholar, PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge were searched and the published articles that have studied the effects of probiotics on the prevention and treatment of various diseases were included in the study. The review of published articles related to the subject showed that consumption of probiotics, prebiotics and proper diet have the significant effects on the health of the digestive system and has reduced and improved symptoms of different disorders and diseases. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms of probiotic function and confirm the role of the probiotics in preventing and treating various types of cancers and other diseases.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory effects of probiotics

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Plotnikova ◽  
Yu. V. Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Regulatory Role ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Mucous Membranes

Today, there is an explosion of discoveries related to a growing understanding of the role of microbial communities, key species of bacteria, products or metabolites derived from commensals, and in particular the relationship between some of these components and painful conditions in humans. Microbiota plays a fundamental role in the induction, training and functioning of the host’s immune system. In turn, the immune system has evolved significantly as a means of maintaining the host’s symbiotic relations with these very diverse and developing microbes. At optimal performance, this alliance of the immune system and microbiota allows to induce protective reactions to pathogens and maintain regulatory pathways involved in maintaining tolerance to harmless antigens. In this review, we outline the role of the intestinal microbiota in the immune system, starting with initial information supporting further insights into the effects of intestinal microbiota dysbacteriosis on the host’s susceptibility to infection. Probiotics are considered a good form of therapy to control harmful intestinal microorganisms, improve digestion and the absorption of nutrients. The beneficial effects of probiotics have been demonstrated in many diseases. One of the main mechanisms of probiotics is the regulation of the immune response of the host. The article reviews and discusses the regulatory role of probiotics in the “intestine-lungs” system and the immune system of mucous membranes for potential antiviral mechanisms. The unique role of probiotics in modulation of intestinal microbes and establishment of intestinal homeostasis and production of interferon as antiviral mechanism is described. In addition, the regulatory role of probiotics in the system «intestine-lungs» and the immune system of the mucous membranes for potential antiviral mechanisms, including in COVID-19 is considered and discussed. Symbiotic products Bac-Set® Forte and Bac-Set® Cold/Flu are described.

Role of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Anticarcinogenic Effect on Human Health

2015 ◽  
pp. 169-196
Author(s):  
Moumita Bishai ◽  
Sunita Adak ◽  
Lakshmishri Upadrasta ◽  
Rintu Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Human Health

scholarly journals The Role of Resveratrol in Human Male Fertility

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2495
Author(s):  
Laura M. Mongioì ◽  
Sarah Perelli ◽  
Rosita A. Condorelli ◽  
Federica Barbagallo ◽  
Andrea Crafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Human Male ◽  
The Relationship

Resveratrol (RSV) (3,4′,5 trihydroxystilbene) is a natural non-flavonoid polyphenol widely present in the Mediterranean diet. In particular, RSV is found in grapes, peanuts, berries, and red wine. Many beneficial effects of this molecule on human health have been reported. In fact, it improves some clinical aspects of various diseases, such as obesity, tumors, hypertension, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes mellitus. However, little is known about the relationship between this compound and male fertility and the few available results are often controversial. Therefore, this review evaluated the effects of RSV on human male fertility and the mechanisms through which this polyphenol could act on human spermatozoa.

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