Atrazine in mineral soil: the analytical chemistry of speciation

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1590-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald S. Gamble ◽  
L. Ali Ismaily
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Kinetics ◽  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Chemical Data ◽  
Heterogeneous Chemical ◽  
Conventional Methods

The HPLC–microfiltration method previously described for determining atrazine and hydroxyatrazine species in organic soil has been adapted to a mineral soil. The method was able to monitor atrazine concentrations of less than 1.0 × 10−6 M, which is over 40 times lower than the atrazine concentrations measured in the earlier organic soil experiments. During kinetics.experiments, it also monitored four free and sorbed chemical species instead of only one. Measurements were obtained with much better accuracy and productivity than can be obtained by conventional methods. The atrazine sorption capacity of the mineral soil was also measured. The analytical chemical data produced can support heterogeneous chemical kinetics calculations.

Atrazine in mineral soil: chemical species and catalysed hydrolysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1597-1603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald S. Gamble ◽  
Shahamat U. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Kinetics Parameters ◽  
Equilibrium Function ◽  
Data Scatter ◽  
Acidic Sites ◽  
Equilibrium And Kinetics ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Equilibrium and kinetics parameters have been evaluated at 25.0 °C for the heterogeneous catalysis of atrazine hydrolysis in slurries of a chemically characterized mineral soil. The fraction of acidic sites that accounts for sorption capacity, and the sorption equilibrium function resemble those for humic acid and organic soil. Sorption and desorption half-lives increased with increasing coverage of sorption sites. The sorption half-lives ranged from 3.6 to 735 days. The desorption half-lives ranged from 1 to 11 days. The hydrolysis half-lives ranged from 9.6 to 168 days and are consistent with Brönsted acid catalysis theory. The relationship of independent variables to data scatter has been analyzed. The information obtained should be useful for water and solute transport models.

scholarly journals Dynamic of nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon in an alpine forested catchment: atmospheric deposition and soil solution trends

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 41-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella Balestrini ◽  
Carlo Andrea Delconte ◽  
Andrea Buffagni ◽  
Alessio Fumagalli ◽  
Michele Freppaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Forest Floor Leachates ◽  
Throughfall Deposition

A number of studies have reported decreasing trends of acidifying and N deposition inputs to forest areas throughout Europe and the USA in recent decades. There is a need to assess the responses of the ecosystem to declining atmospheric pollution by monitoring the variations of chemical species in the various compartments of the forest ecosystem on a long temporal scale. In this study, we report on patterns and trends in throughfall deposition concentrations of inorganic N, dissolved organic N (DON) and C (DOC) over a 20-year (1995–2015) period in the LTER site -Val Masino (1190 m a.s.l.), a spruce forest, in the Central Italian Alps. The same chemical species were studied in the litter floor leachates and mineral soil solution, at three different depths (15, 40 and 70 cm), over a 10-year period (2005–2015). Inorganic N concentration was drastically reduced as throughfall and litter floor leachates percolated through the topsoil, where the measured mean values (2 µeq L-1) were much lower than the critical limits established for coniferous stands (14 µeq L-1). The seasonal temperature dependence of throughfall DOC and DON concentration suggests that the microbial community living on the needles was the main source of dissolved organic matter. Most of DOC and DON infiltrating from the litter floor were retained in the mineral soil. The rainfall amount was the only climatic factor exerting a control on DOC and N compounds in throughfall and forest floor leachates over a decadal period. Concentration of SO4 and NO3 declined by 50% and 26% respectively in throughfall deposition. Trends of NO3 and SO4 in forest floor leachates and mineral soil solution mirrored declining depositions. No trends in both DON and DOC concentration and in DOC/DON ratio in soil solutions were observed. These outcomes suggest that the declining NO3 and SO4 atmospheric inputs did not influence the dynamic of DON and DOC in the Val Masino forest. The results of this study are particularly relevant, as they are based on a comprehensive survey of all the main compartments of the forest ecosystem. Moreover, this kind of long-term research has rarely been carried out in the Alpine region.

scholarly journals Particle-based modeling of heterogeneous chemical kinetics including mass transfer

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sengar ◽  
J. A. M. Kuipers ◽  
Rutger A. van Santen ◽  
J. T. Padding
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Chemical Kinetics ◽  
Heterogeneous Chemical

Viable seed populations by soil depth and potential site recolonization after disturbance

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (18) ◽  
pp. 2408-2412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice M. Moore ◽  
Ross W. Wein
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Forest Experiment Station ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Germination Experiment

Seedling emergence from organic and mineral soil layers was measured for nine study sites at the Acadia Forest Experiment Station near Fredericton, New Brunswick. The number of viable seeds showed a decrease from deciduous-dominated forest, to conifer-dominated forest, to organic soil study sites. Viable seed number varied from 3400/m2 for a deciduous-dominated forest study site to zero for a bog study site. Most seeds germinated from the upper organic soil layers of all study sites and were predominantly Rubus strigosus Michx. After the germination experiment, ungerminated seeds, which showed no viability by the tetrazolium test, were separated from the soil. These seeds were almost entirely Betula spp. and seed numbers were as high as 4200–9400/m2 for a deciduous-dominated forest. The applicability of the results to differing types of postdisturbance revegetation is discussed.

Hypholoma lateritiumisolated from coarse woody debris, the forest floor, and mineral soil in a deciduous forest in New Hampshire

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese A. Thompson ◽  
R. Greg Thorn ◽  
Kevin T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
New Hampshire ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region

Fungi in the Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycota) are the primary decomposers in temperate forests of dead wood on and in the forest soil. Through the use of isolation techniques selective for saprotrophic Agaricomycetes, a variety of wood decay fungi were isolated from a northern hardwood stand in the Bartlett Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA. In particular, Hypholoma lateritium (Schaeff.: Fr.) P. Kumm. was isolated from basidiocarps, decaying Acer rubrum L. logs, the Oe organic soil horizon, and the E and BC mineral soil horizons. Identification was confirmed by sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. All isolates had identical sequences in this region to previously published sequences for the species; some were monokaryotic and simple-septate and others were dikaryotic, with clamp connections. Isolates were further characterized by banding patterns (DNA fingerprints) produced with PCR primers based in simple repetitive sequences and the minisatellite M13. Nine dikaryotic isolates from basidiocarps and from soil horizons Oe, E, and BC had identical fingerprint patterns with all primers tested. The confirmed presence of H. lateritium suggests that this fungus could form a mycelial translocation network that bridges mineral and organic soil horizons and decaying logs.

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