Hypholoma lateritiumisolated from coarse woody debris, the forest floor, and mineral soil in a deciduous forest in New Hampshire

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese A. Thompson ◽  
R. Greg Thorn ◽  
Kevin T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
New Hampshire ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region

Fungi in the Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycota) are the primary decomposers in temperate forests of dead wood on and in the forest soil. Through the use of isolation techniques selective for saprotrophic Agaricomycetes, a variety of wood decay fungi were isolated from a northern hardwood stand in the Bartlett Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA. In particular, Hypholoma lateritium (Schaeff.: Fr.) P. Kumm. was isolated from basidiocarps, decaying Acer rubrum L. logs, the Oe organic soil horizon, and the E and BC mineral soil horizons. Identification was confirmed by sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. All isolates had identical sequences in this region to previously published sequences for the species; some were monokaryotic and simple-septate and others were dikaryotic, with clamp connections. Isolates were further characterized by banding patterns (DNA fingerprints) produced with PCR primers based in simple repetitive sequences and the minisatellite M13. Nine dikaryotic isolates from basidiocarps and from soil horizons Oe, E, and BC had identical fingerprint patterns with all primers tested. The confirmed presence of H. lateritium suggests that this fungus could form a mycelial translocation network that bridges mineral and organic soil horizons and decaying logs.

scholarly journals Water retention of the organic soil horizon in a central European deciduous forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-358
Author(s):  
Anton Zvala ◽  
Peter šurda ◽  
Anna Kidová ◽  
Justína Vitková
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Central European

scholarly journals Generalized models to estimate carbon and nitrogen stocks of organic soil horizons in Interior Alaska

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1745-1757
Author(s):  
Kristen Manies ◽  
Mark Waldrop ◽  
Jennifer Harden
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Global Soil

Abstract. Boreal ecosystems comprise one-tenth of the world's land surface and contain over 20 % of the global soil carbon (C) stocks. Boreal soil is unique in that its mineral soil is covered by what can be quite thick layers of organic soil. These organic soil layers, or horizons, can differ in their state of decomposition, source vegetation, and disturbance history. These differences result in varying soil properties (bulk density, C concentration, and nitrogen concentration) among soil horizons. Here we summarize these soil properties, as represented by over 3000 samples from Interior Alaska, and examine how soil drainage and stand age affect these attributes. The summary values presented here can be used to gap-fill large datasets when important soil properties were not measured, provide data to initialize process-based models, and validate model results. These data are available at https://doi.org/10.5066/P960N1F9 (Manies, 2019).

The effects of afforestation on Fe mobilization in soils and potential for leaking into surface waters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Škerlep ◽  
Ulf Johansson ◽  
Dan Berggren Kleja ◽  
Per Persson ◽  
Emma S Kritzberg
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Societal Implications ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Fe Speciation

<p>Increasing surface water concentrations of Fe and DOC (browning), have been reported around the northern hemisphere in the last couple of decades. This increase has far-reaching ecological and societal implications, as it alters the light climate in water and decreases the quality of drinking water. One of the hypothesis behind the increase has been that afforestation and a dominance of coniferous forest have increased the availability of Fe and DOC for transport from soils into surface waters. The accumulation of organic soil layers in coniferous forests increases acidity and the amounts of organic acids in soils and may thus enhance weathering, solubility and mobilization of Fe as the forest ages. In this study we examined the effects of afforestation and growth of Norway spruce on the mobilization and potential leakage of Fe and DOC from soils to surface waters. To represent the effects of ageing forest we used plots with spruce stands of different ages (35, 61, 90 years) and unforested control plots in their immediate proximity, in Tönnersjöheden experimental forest (Sweden). Soil water collected in lysimeters (installed below the organic horizon and in the mineral soil) and analyzed for Fe, Fe speciation, using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), as well as DOC, metals, major anions and cations. Soil samples were analyzed for Fe speciation and crystallinity at different depths. Results from the soil water analysis show that more Fe was mobile in older spruce forest stands with higher DOC concentrations and lower pH. Covariation of Fe and DOC concentrations in soil waters, indicate the dependence of Fe on DOC to solubilize and stay in solution. Preliminary results from our XAS analysis also indelicate a considerable amount of Fe(II) in soil water that is likely stabilized from oxidation by organic complexation. Surprisingly Fe extracted from the organic (O) soil horizon showed the highest crystallinity and crystallinity did not vary much between soils of different stand ages.  The results of this study indicate that afforestation promotes Fe and DOC availability for export into surface waters as well as strengthens the notion that the effects of afforestation are not immediate, but take time as soils develop slowly. As afforestation and dominance of coniferous forest continues in many parts of the northern hemisphere, we can expect further increase of Fe and DOC in surface waters.</p>

scholarly journals Heavy metals in the organic soil horizon of the Northern taiga forests resulting from industrial air pollution

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Alexander Evdokimov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Northern Taiga ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Industrial Air Pollution ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
By Products ◽  
Source Of Pollution

This study focuses on heavy metals contained in organic soil horizons resulting from the industrial air pollution caused by local enterprises. Polymetallic dust containing heavy metals is one of the main by-products in the smelting of non-ferrous metals. We evaluated the contents of Ni, Cu, and Co in the upper soil horizons containing the maximum amount of these pollutants (due to the formation of stable compounds with organic components of these horizons). Sampling was carried out at various distances from the source of pollution at previously established test sites. The study found acid-soluble heavy metals at various distances from the source of pollution and revealed the regularity of their content, both qualitative and quantitative.

scholarly journals Natural 15N abundance in two nitrogen saturated forest ecosystems at Solling, Germany

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P Sah ◽  
R. Brumme
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Seepage Water ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
N Enrichment

This research deals with a comparative study of two different N-saturated forests: 1. beech forest and 2. spruce forest at the same locality of \solling, Central Germany. The present results show that <sup>15</sup>N natural occurrence in the rainfall (both above and below canopy) at Solling site is similar (&delta;<sup>15</sup>N = &ndash;15&permil; to +19&permil;) to other sites of the world (such as NITREX sites, USA etc.). Furthermore, <sup>15</sup>N values in the soil water ranged from &ndash;4.32 (&plusmn; 2.09) to +5&permil; (&plusmn; 1.47), which also corresponds to NITREX sites and other sites of Europe and USA. In both forests, &delta;<sup>15</sup>N enrichment of both NH<sub>4</sub>-N and NO<sub>3</sub>-N showed a decreasing trend of their values from bulk precipitation to the upper soil layer, but increasing in the deeper soil layer again. An increase in the <sup>15</sup>N enrichment of soil water from upper soil depth to lower soil depth was observed in our study and it is assumed to be due to the strong net nitrification taking place in the upper layer (organic surface layer) of soil. The soils at both sites showed characteristic low (negative) &delta;<sup>15</sup>N values in the upper organic layers, strongly increasing to positive &delta;<sup>15</sup>N values in the mineral soil. In the lower depths of mineral soil horizons of both stands, an increase in &delta;<sup>15</sup>N values was found to culminate at +3 to +5&permil;. In contrast to the mineral soil horizon, in the organic soil horizon (0 to 6 cm depth) of both sites there was almost a similar or slight decrease in &delta;<sup>15</sup>N values with depth. This is attributed to the high nitrification rate in the organic soil horizon, resulting in excessive seepage water NO<sub>3</sub>-output at both sites (especially at the spruce site).

scholarly journals Current, steady-state and historical weathering rates of base cations at two forest sites in northern and southern Sweden: a comparison of three methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Casetou-Gustafson ◽  
Harald Grip ◽  
Stephen Hillier ◽  
Sune Linder ◽  
Bengt A. Olsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Weathering Rate ◽  
Weathering Rates ◽  
Forest Sites

Abstract. Reliable and accurate methods for estimating soil mineral weathering rates are required tools in evaluating the sustainability of increased harvesting of forest biomass and assessments of critical loads of acidity. A variety of methods that differ in concept, temporal and spatial scale, and data requirements are available for measuring weathering rates. In this study, causes of discrepancies in weathering rates between methods were analysed and were classified as being either conceptual (inevitable) or random. The release rates of base cations (BCs; Ca, Mg, K, Na) by weathering were estimated in podzolised glacial tills at two experimental forest sites, Asa and Flakaliden, in southern and northern Sweden, respectively. Three different methods were used: (i) historical weathering since deglaciation estimated by the depletion method, using Zr as the assumed inert reference; (ii) steady-state weathering rate estimated with the PROFILE model, based on quantitative analysis of soil mineralogy; and (iii) BC budget at stand scale, using measured deposition, leaching and changes in base cation stocks in biomass and soil over a period of 12 years. In the 0–50 cm soil horizon historical weathering of BCs was 10.6 and 34.1 mmolc m−2 yr−1, at Asa and Flakaliden, respectively. Corresponding values of PROFILE weathering rates were 37.1 and 42.7 mmolc m−2 yr−1. The PROFILE results indicated that steady-state weathering rate increased with soil depth as a function of exposed mineral surface area, reaching a maximum rate at 80 cm (Asa) and 60 cm (Flakaliden). In contrast, the depletion method indicated that the largest postglacial losses were in upper soil horizons, particularly at Flakaliden. With the exception of Mg and Ca in shallow soil horizons, PROFILE produced higher weathering rates than the depletion method, particularly of K and Na in deeper soil horizons. The lower weathering rates of the depletion method were partly explained by natural and anthropogenic variability in Zr gradients. The base cation budget approach produced significantly higher weathering rates of BCs, 134.6 mmolc m−2 yr−1 at Asa and 73.2 mmolc m−2 yr−1 at Flakaliden, due to high rates estimated for the nutrient elements Ca, Mg and K, whereas weathering rates were lower and similar to those for the depletion method (6.6 and 2.2 mmolc m−2 yr−1 at Asa and Flakaliden). The large discrepancy in weathering rates for Ca, Mg and K between the base cation budget approach and the other methods suggests additional sources for tree uptake in the soil not captured by measurements.

scholarly journals Molecular Identification of Ectomycorrhizal Mycelium in Soil Horizons

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renske Landeweert ◽  
Paula Leeflang ◽  
Thom W. Kuyper ◽  
Ellis Hoffland ◽  
Anna Rosling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Identification Techniques

ABSTRACT Molecular identification techniques based on total DNA extraction provide a unique tool for identification of mycelium in soil. Using molecular identification techniques, the ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal community under coniferous vegetation was analyzed. Soil samples were taken at different depths from four horizons of a podzol profile. A basidiomycete-specific primer pair (ITS1F-ITS4B) was used to amplify fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences from total DNA extracts of the soil horizons. Amplified basidiomycete DNA was cloned and sequenced, and a selection of the obtained clones was analyzed phylogenetically. Based on sequence similarity, the fungal clone sequences were sorted into 25 different fungal groups, or operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Out of 25 basidiomycete OTUs, 7 OTUs showed high nucleotide homology (≥99%) with known EM fungal sequences and 16 were found exclusively in the mineral soil. The taxonomic positions of six OTUs remained unclear. OTU sequences were compared to sequences from morphotyped EM root tips collected from the same sites. Of the 25 OTUs, 10 OTUs had ≥98% sequence similarity with these EM root tip sequences. The present study demonstrates the use of molecular techniques to identify EM hyphae in various soil types. This approach differs from the conventional method of EM root tip identification and provides a novel approach to examine EM fungal communities in soil.

A RAPID TECHNIQUE FOR DRYING ORGANIC SOIL HORIZONS USING A MICROWAVE OVEN

Soil Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 154 (5) ◽  
pp. 420-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. HARRIS ◽  
L. O. SAFFORD
Keyword(s):  
Organic Soil ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Rapid Technique

Long-term effects of fire on the composition and activity of the soil microflora of a subalpine, coniferous forest

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (15) ◽  
pp. 1704-1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bissett ◽  
D. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Subalpine Forest ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Cellulose Decomposition ◽  
Soil Temperatures

The biomass, community composition, and metabolic activity of soil microorganisms were studied in adjacent burnt and unburnt areas of spruce–fir subalpine forest razed 6 years previously by a moderately severe natural fire. Similar levels of microbial biomass were observed at comparable burnt and unburnt sites, although the ratio of fungal to bacterial biomass was higher in the unburnt soils. The decreased acidity of the surface horizons in the burn probably tended to favor the development of a bacterial flora rather than a fungal flora. Microbial biomass in the burnt sites peaked earlier in the season than in the unburnt sites in response to the warmer soil temperatures and earlier thaw in the spring in the burn area.Significant differences in the species composition of the mycoflora in the organic soil horizons were observed between the burnt and unburnt sites. Apparently, these were related to qualitative differences in the recent litter. Phoma, Cladosporium, and Botrytis, which are usually associated with early stages of decomposition of herbaceous litter, were more common in the burnt soil. The mycoflora of the mineral soil horizons varied considerably from one burn site to another, possibly reflecting the geographical variation in the intensity of the burn. In overall composition, however, the mycoflora in the mineral soil horizons of the burn was not appreciably different from that of the unburnt sites.Higher laboratory rates of respiration and cellulose decomposition were observed for soil samples from the undisturbed forest. However, the rate of decomposition of cellulose in the field was much higher in the burnt sites, probably as a result of the higher soil temperatures in the burn area. Low soil temperature was concluded to be the main factor limiting microbial activities in the study area, and the removal of the insulating plant canopy and increased heat absorption by the ash in the burn area were found to increase decomposition rates, at least at this stage in the succession following the disturbance of fire.

Effects of long-term nitrogen addition on phosphorus cycling in organic soil horizons of temperate forests

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Heuck ◽  
Georg Smolka ◽  
Emily D. Whalen ◽  
Serita Frey ◽  
Per Gundersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Phosphorus Cycling ◽  
Soil Horizons
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