THE CONDUCTANCE OF MOLTEN LITHIUM CHLORATE AND THE EFFECT OF ADDITIONS OF TRACES OF NONELECTROLYTES ON THE CONDUCTANCE

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 890-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
E. M. Kartzmark ◽  
D. F. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Molten Lithium

The specific conductance of pure molten lithium chlorate between 130 and 145 °C was determined and an activation energy of conductance deduced. Additions of substances having various dielectric constants were made to molten lithium chlorate and the conductances determined. These additions were: (a) water, 0–6% by weight; (b) nitrobenzene, 0–0.4% by weight; (c) methyl alcohol, 0–1.25% by weight. The results are discussed.

STUDIES ON THE THERMODYNAMICS AND CONDUCTANCES OF MOLTEN SALTS AND THEIR MIXTURES: PART IV. THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTANCES OF MOLTEN LITHIUM CHLORATE AND OF ITS MIXTURES WITH PROPYL ALCOHOL, LITHIUM NITRATE, WATER, METHYL ALCOHOL, AND LITHIUM HYDROXIDE

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1984-1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
D. F. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Lithium Hydroxide ◽  
Lithium Nitrate ◽  
Propyl Alcohol ◽  
Electrical Conductances ◽  
Molten Lithium

The electrical conductance and its temperature dependence of molten lithium chlorate have been determined. Similar results have been obtained for lithium chlorate melts containing small quantities of methyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, lithium nitrate, lithium hydroxide, and water.The results obtained, taken in conjunction with the results of previous work, all indicate that the melt is complex. There is probably considerable association and this is especially evident slightly above the melting point: at temperatures in this region the temperature change of the properties of the lithium chlorate melt is greatest.The activation energy of conductance is approximately the same as the activation energy of viscous flow, for pure lithium chlorate melt and for mixtures of lithium chlorate with lithium nitrate. From this it appears that the melt constituents are not principally the simple ions, but that some form of cohesion exists between the simple constituents of the melt.The addition of water to the lithium chlorate melt causes the melt properties to alter considerably, especially the transport properties, viscosity and conductance. It is suggested that these changes may in part be due to a breakup of the structural entities of the pure melt, though the increase in electrical conductance cannot be completely explained in this way. A cryoscopic investigation seems to indicate that water is •not present as such in the melt.

Electron Mobilities and Ranges in Liquid Ethers: Ion-like and Conduction Band Mobilities

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1263-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pol Dodelet ◽  
Gordon R. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Conduction Band ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Optical Excitation ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Thermal Excitation ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Ion Migration ◽  
Free Ion

The free ion yields in X irradiated ethers are larger than those in alkanes because the dielectric constants of the former liquids are greater than those of the latter. The relative increase of the free ion yield with temperature is smaller in ethers than in alkanes because the dielectric constants decrease more rapidly with increasing temperature in the former. The density normalized penetration range (thermalization length) bGPd of the secondary electrons in dimethyl ether (DME) is 3.5 × 10−7 g/cm2. As the length of the n-alkyl groups on the ether is increased bGPd increases towards the value obtained for long chain n-alkanes, 4.5 × 10−7 g/cm2. Electron mobilities ue showed two types of behavior: (i) at low temperatures ue approaches a value of about 2u−, where u− is the mobility of the anions formed in the irradiated liquid; (ii) at higher temperatures the ratio ue/u− increases with temperature, and equals 21 in di-n-butyl ether (DBE) at 375 K. The activation energy of electron migration at low temperatures (ion-like mechanism) is similar to that of ion migration, 2–3 kcal/mol, while at high temperatures it increases to ∼6 kcal/mol. The larger activation energy is attributed to thermal excitation of electrons from the solvated state into a conduction band, and is equal to one-half of the optical excitation energy of the solvated electrons. Electrons in water, alcohols, and ammonia at 300 K migrate by the ion-like mechanism. Electrons in alkanes migrate almost exclusively by the conduction band mechanism. A plot of the Arrhenius temperature coefficient of electron mobility against mobility in different liquids at a given temperature displays a maximum which is temperature dependent.

scholarly journals Dielectric Properties of (CdSe)1-X(ZnS)X Mixed Semiconductor Compounds

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. YADAIAH ◽  
J. KRISHNAIAH ◽  
VASUDEVA REDDY ◽  
M. NAGABHUSHANAM
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Semiconductor Materials ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Semiconductor Compounds ◽  
Optical Dielectric ◽  
Co Precipitation

Dielectric permittivity has been an important property of binary and mixed semiconductor materials as it is closely related to the studies on polarization and relaxation mechanisms. Therefore, dielectric properties of (CdSe)1-X(ZnS)X mixed semiconductors are studied at different frequencies. The mixed semiconductor samples used in the study are grown by controlled co-precipitation method. From these studies ac conductivity, static and optical dielectric constants, relaxation times and activation energy of dipole relaxation are determined. The variation of dielectric constant with frequency and composition of the sample was explained on the basis of Koops grain boundary mechanism.

Dielectric Properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 Ceramics

2010 ◽  
Vol 434-435 ◽  
pp. 253-255
Author(s):  
Jing Han You ◽  
Xiao Yang Gong ◽  
Tong Wei Li ◽  
Qing Dong Chen ◽  
Li Ben Li
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Debye Relaxation ◽  
Relaxation Theory ◽  
Reaction Method ◽  
Theoretical Results

CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics were prepared by the traditional solid-state reaction method and the dielectric properties were investigated, the activation energy and relaxation time factor of the samples were calculated. Debye relaxation theory was attempted to analyze the experimental datum, the static and high-frequency dielectric constants were obtained according to Cole-Cole spectra. The temperature dependence of the dielectric constant of CaCu3Ti4O12 were fitted by computer and the theoretical results nearly agree with experimental results.

Dielectric Constants of Methyl Alcohol—Benzene Mixtures

1950 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 3293-3294 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. LaRochelle ◽  
Arthur A. Vernon
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Alcohol Benzene

Nucleolar Segregation and Chronic Methanol Intoxication

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 360-361
Author(s):  
Julio H. Garcia ◽  
Janice P. Van Zandt
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Methanol Intoxication ◽  
Intragastric Tube ◽  
Nucleolar Segregation

Repeated administration of methyl alcohol to Rhesus monkeys (Maccaca mulata) by intragastric tube resulted in ultrastructural abnormalities of hepatocytes, which persisted in one animal twelve weeks after discontinuation of the methyl alcohol regime. With dosages ranging between 3.0 to 6.0 gms. of methanol per kg. of body weight, the serum levels attained within a few hours averaged approximately 475 mg. per cent.

A non-cyanide method of electropolishing silver

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
R. L. Lyles ◽  
S. J. Rothman ◽  
W. Jäger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Silver Alloy ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Silver Alloys ◽  
Free Sample ◽  
Specimen Quality ◽  
Standard Techniques

Standard techniques of electropolishing silver and silver alloys for electron microscopy in most instances have relied on various CN recipes. These methods have been characteristically unsatisfactory due to difficulties in obtaining large electron transparent areas, reproducible results, adequate solution lifetimes, and contamination free sample surfaces. In addition, there are the inherent health hazards associated with the use of CN solutions. Various attempts to develop noncyanic methods of electropolishing specimens for electron microscopy have not been successful in that the specimen quality problems encountered with the CN solutions have also existed in the previously proposed non-cyanic methods.The technique we describe allows us to jet polish high quality silver and silver alloy microscope specimens with consistant reproducibility and without the use of CN salts.The solution is similar to that suggested by Myschoyaev et al. It consists, in order of mixing, 115ml glacial actic acid (CH3CO2H, specific wt 1.04 g/ml), 43ml sulphuric acid (H2SO4, specific wt. g/ml), 350 ml anhydrous methyl alcohol, and 77 g thiourea (NH2CSNH2).

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