Effect of Cadmium Chloride on the Histological Structure of Lung in Adult Male Mice with and without Parsley Oil

This study is to detect the toxic effect of cadmium chloride on the histological structure of the lung and the effect of parsley oil to amilorate these changes In this experiement 40 adult male mice were divided into four groups. Goup A (control group) in this group animals were injected with the normal saline intraperitoneally single daily dose for 30 days. Group B injected intrapertioneally with cadmium chloride single daily dose 3.5 mg/kg body weight for 30 days. Group C injected intraperetonially with cadmium chloride in a dose of 3.5 mg/kg body weight. Intragastric tube was put to recieve parsley oil in a dose of 0.5 ml/kg body weight prior to cadmium injection. The two drugs were given for 30 days. Group D recieved 0.5 ml/kg body weight by intragastric tube of parsley oil for 30 days. At the end of this experiement, the animals were sacrified the lungs were collected from all groups and prepared for light microscopical examination. Histological changes were detected in cadmium chloride treated group in comparison with the control group including congestion, inflammatory cell infiltration, interstial pneumonia (decreased alveolar space), thickening of interalveolar septum and damge to the alveolar cells. All these changes were eliminated by giving parsley oil.

EFFECTS OF EDAMAME (Glycine max) EXTRACTON POST-PRANDIAL SERUM TRIGLYCERIDE IN WISTAR RATS

Edamame (Glycine max) is a preparation of immature soybeans in the pod, which is high in calcium and dietary fiber, two elements described in previous studies that could alter the level of post-prandial serum triglyceride.The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of edamame (Glycine max) extract on post-prandial serum triglyceride in rats after intragastric administration of palm oil.The materials used in this study are palm oil, edamame extract, and ether. The design of this study is experimental post-test study design, which is a design to measure the serum triglyceride level after meal with and without Glycine max. Triglyceride is measured on each subject two times on total, first one after consumption of meal without Glycine max and the second one after consumption of meal with Glycine max. There is a washout period of 1 week between two times the samples were taken. Both results are then compared in every subject.The level of 2-hour post-prandial serum triglyceride in rats after palm oil without intragastric edamame (Glycine max) extract administration and with intragastric edamame (Glycine max) extract administration showed no significant difference. In conclusion, edamame (Glycine max) extract had no effect on 2-hour post-prandial serum triglyceride after palm oil administration via intragastric tube.

Comparative Study of Protective Effect of Tomato Juice and N-Hexane Extract of Tomato on Blood Lipids and Oxidative Stress in Cholesterol-Fed Rats

Background: Hyperlipidemia is a well-established risk factor in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and atherosclerosisassociated conditions by enhancing oxidative stress. Dietary supplementation of tomato which is enriched with antioxidants especially like lycopene may therefore be effective in reducing oxidative stress during hyperlipidemic condition. The study evaluates and compares the protective effect of tomato juice and n-Hexane extract of tomato on oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic rats.Methodology: This experimental study was carried out among 42 rats divided in 7 groups. Rats were treated with 0.5% cholesterol (suspension of cholesterol powder in soybean oil) at a dose of 50 mg/ ml once daily through intragastric tube for 8 weeks. In other two groups of rats tomato juice (1 mg/kg) or n-Hexane extract of tomato (1 mg/kg) with 0.5% cholesterol were given orally once daily through intragastric tube for 8 weeks. Serum lipid profile, body weight, plasma malondialdehide (MDA) and erythrocyte reduced glutathione(GSH) levels were measured after 8 weeks in all the groups.Results: Administration of cholesterol caused significant increase (p<0.001) in serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride (TG), serum low-density lipoprotien cholesterol (LDL-C)and significant decrease (p<0.001) in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) which were associated with significant increment (p<0.001) in plasma MDA levels and depletion(p<0.001) in erythrocyte GSH levels. Concomitant treatment of tomato juice or n-Hexane extract of tomato with cholesterol reduced (p<0.001) serum cholesterol, serum LDL-C, body weight and increased serum HDL-C level in cholesterol plus tomato juice treated group (p<0.001) and in cholesterol plus n-Hexane extract of tomato treated group (p<0.05).But serum triglyceride was decreased(p<.05) only in cholesterol plus tomato juice treated group. Simultaneous treatment of tomato juice or n-Hexane extract of tomato with cholesterol decreased (p<0.001) plasma MDA level and increased (p<0.001) erythrocyte GSH level. However, significant differences were noted between the effect of tomato juice and n-Hexane extract of tomato on serum cholesterol (p<0.001), serum triglyceride (p<.05), serum LDL-C (p<0.001), serum HDL-C level(p<0.01) and plasma MDA(p<0.001) and erythrocyte GSH (p<0.001) levels. But no significant difference was noted on body weight.Conclusion: It may be concluded that both tomato juice and n-Hexane extract of tomato offered protection against hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress, but the protection afforded by tomato juice was superior to n-Hexane extract of tomato.Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 8, No. 1: Jan 2017, P 30-37

Splanchnic control of vasopressin secretion in conscious rats

Saline solutions (NaCl, 2 ml, pH 7.4, 10-598 mosmol/kgH2O) were infused over 4 min in conscious rats, via tail artery catheter or intragastric tube. Intragastric infusions of hyper- and hypotonic solutions caused, within 14.4 +/- 2.2 min, a maximal increase and decrease, respectively, of plasma vasopressin (AVP) relative to time controls (r = 0.97; P less than 0.00001) without affecting systemic plasma osmolality (r = -0.09; P less than 0.92). Mean changes of plasma AVP between 11 and 21 min were also correlated with the osmolality of gastric infusion (r = 0.72; P less than 0.000001), whereas systemic osmolality was unchanged (r = 0.14; P less than 0.42). Systemic infusions caused within 9.0 +/- 2.0 min a maximal change in both plasma AVP (r = 0.82; P less than 0.00001) and systemic osmolality (r = 0.97; P less than 0.00001). However, mean changes of plasma AVP between 11 and 21 min weakly correlated with the osmolality of systemic infusions (r = 0.27; P less than 0.20), although correlations between mean changes of systemic osmolality and the osmolality of systemic infusions were significant (r = 0.72; P less than 0.00001). Lack of correlations with mean arterial pressure and heart rate suggest that hemodynamic changes did not mediate the AVP responses. Pretreatment with atropine methyl bromate (2 mg/kg) abolished the AVP response to gastric but not systemic infusions of hypertonic saline. These results indicate that a splanchnic cholinergic receptor mechanism modulates AVP secretion during a moderate gastric intake of salt or water.

Nucleolar Segregation and Chronic Methanol Intoxication

Repeated administration of methyl alcohol to Rhesus monkeys (Maccaca mulata) by intragastric tube resulted in ultrastructural abnormalities of hepatocytes, which persisted in one animal twelve weeks after discontinuation of the methyl alcohol regime. With dosages ranging between 3.0 to 6.0 gms. of methanol per kg. of body weight, the serum levels attained within a few hours averaged approximately 475 mg. per cent.