Dielectric Constants of Methyl Alcohol—Benzene Mixtures

1950 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 3293-3294 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. LaRochelle ◽  
Arthur A. Vernon
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Alcohol Benzene

Equilibrium between Rubber and Alcohol-Benzene Solutions

1954 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
G. L. Starobinets ◽  
V. S. Komarov
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Equilibrium Solution ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Saturated Vapor ◽  
Binary Solution ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Constant Composition ◽  
Degree Of Swelling ◽  
Alcohol Benzene

Abstract 1. The swelling in the gaseous phase at 20° C of a digested vulcanizate of natural rubber was studied through the entire range of compositions of the following binary systems: methyl alcohol-benzene, ethyl alcohol-benzene, n-propyl alcohol-benzene, n-butyl alcohol-benzene, and n-hexanol-benzene, and in a system of octadecanol-benzene at 60° V in the liquid phase. The swelling-composition curves show a maximum in the first three systems enumerated and a minimum in the latter system. 2. In the first five systems, the concentrations of the components of the equilibrium solution phase and the rubber phase were measured by means of an interferometer. 3. The coefficient of distribution of alcohol between the polymer and solution phases decreased from 1.6 in the methyl alcohol-benzene system to 0.3 in the n-hexanol-benzene system. The decrease of the coefficient of distribution of alcohol through the series of homologs is attributable to the dipolar character of the alcohol molecules. The coefficient of distribution of benzene between the two phases decreased from 16.6 in the methyl alcohol-benzene system to 6.3 in the n-hexanol-benzene system. This decrease of the coefficient of distribution of benzene is caused by the weakening of the quasi-crystalline structure in passing from methyl alcohol to the higher alcohols. 4. From an analysis of the distribution of alcohol between the solution and polymer, and also from a comparison of these curves with the curves of distribution of alcohol between the binary solution and its saturated vapor, it follows that rubber absorbs individual alcohol molecules, but not associates of them. 5. From a comparison of data on the distribution of the components of the binary solution between the polymer and equilibrium solution, and also from an analysis of the curves of partial free energy of the components of both phases, it follows that the general nature of the curves of isothermic equilibrium in the systems studied accords with the hypothesis of Konovalov; at the maximum points on the swelling curves, the composition of both phases is equal. The degree of swelling increases with increase of the concentration of the component in highest concentration in the polymer. 6. The existence of points of constant composition on the swelling curves is confirmed by measurements of the swelling by the volumetric method. Only for the compositions of solutions which correspond to the maximum points on the swelling curves, the volume in the condenser in whose vapors the specimen is suspended does not change with time. In more dilute solutions, the volume decreases ; in more concentrated solutions it increases, with time. 7. There is a close relation between the degree of swelling and the structure of a solution. The more pronounced the quasi-crystalline structure of the solution, the higher is the swelling-composition curve on the graph. The values of the degree of swelling and the Kirkwood-Anselm correlation parameter change in parallel for a given composition of the solution, in passing from one alcohol to another.

The theory of condensation of supersaturated vapours in the absence of ions

1953 ◽  
Vol 220 (1140) ◽  
pp. 132-141 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Rapid Heating ◽  
Molecular Complexes ◽  
Cloud Chamber ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
Liquid Droplets ◽  
Critical Supersaturation ◽  
Chamber Measurements ◽  
Alcohol Benzene

A brief review of the condensation theory of Becker & Döring (1935) and Frenkel (1946) is given. It is shown that the theory is subject to the limitation that it assumes that small molecular complexes behave like liquid droplets. This is not the case for complexes consisting of a few molecules only, so that the rate of condensation expected from the theory may be altered by an appreciable amount. The Becker & Döring expression for critical supersaturation is compared with the cloud-chamber measurements of Volmer & Flood (1934), taking into account the rapid heating of the gas after the fast expansion. It is found to be in approximate agreement for water and some of the alcohols, but methyl alcohol, benzene and carbon tetrachloride show large discrepancies. More measurements of critical supersaturations are needed.

THE CONDUCTANCE OF MOLTEN LITHIUM CHLORATE AND THE EFFECT OF ADDITIONS OF TRACES OF NONELECTROLYTES ON THE CONDUCTANCE

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 890-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Campbell ◽  
E. M. Kartzmark ◽  
D. F. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Molten Lithium

The specific conductance of pure molten lithium chlorate between 130 and 145 °C was determined and an activation energy of conductance deduced. Additions of substances having various dielectric constants were made to molten lithium chlorate and the conductances determined. These additions were: (a) water, 0–6% by weight; (b) nitrobenzene, 0–0.4% by weight; (c) methyl alcohol, 0–1.25% by weight. The results are discussed.

Vapor-liquid equilibria of the ternary system methyl borate-methyl alcohol-benzene

1984 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolai Muenster ◽  
Charles A. Plank ◽  
Walden L. S. Laukhuf ◽  
Phoebus M. Christopher
Keyword(s):  
Ternary System ◽  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Vapor Liquid Equilibria ◽  
Alcohol Benzene ◽  
Vapor Liquid

Nucleolar Segregation and Chronic Methanol Intoxication

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 360-361
Author(s):  
Julio H. Garcia ◽  
Janice P. Van Zandt
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Methanol Intoxication ◽  
Intragastric Tube ◽  
Nucleolar Segregation

Repeated administration of methyl alcohol to Rhesus monkeys (Maccaca mulata) by intragastric tube resulted in ultrastructural abnormalities of hepatocytes, which persisted in one animal twelve weeks after discontinuation of the methyl alcohol regime. With dosages ranging between 3.0 to 6.0 gms. of methanol per kg. of body weight, the serum levels attained within a few hours averaged approximately 475 mg. per cent.

A non-cyanide method of electropolishing silver

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
R. L. Lyles ◽  
S. J. Rothman ◽  
W. Jäger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Silver Alloy ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Silver Alloys ◽  
Free Sample ◽  
Specimen Quality ◽  
Standard Techniques

Standard techniques of electropolishing silver and silver alloys for electron microscopy in most instances have relied on various CN recipes. These methods have been characteristically unsatisfactory due to difficulties in obtaining large electron transparent areas, reproducible results, adequate solution lifetimes, and contamination free sample surfaces. In addition, there are the inherent health hazards associated with the use of CN solutions. Various attempts to develop noncyanic methods of electropolishing specimens for electron microscopy have not been successful in that the specimen quality problems encountered with the CN solutions have also existed in the previously proposed non-cyanic methods.The technique we describe allows us to jet polish high quality silver and silver alloy microscope specimens with consistant reproducibility and without the use of CN salts.The solution is similar to that suggested by Myschoyaev et al. It consists, in order of mixing, 115ml glacial actic acid (CH3CO2H, specific wt 1.04 g/ml), 43ml sulphuric acid (H2SO4, specific wt. g/ml), 350 ml anhydrous methyl alcohol, and 77 g thiourea (NH2CSNH2).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document