THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE HEARTWOOD EXTRACTIVES OF TAMARACK (LARIX LARICINA (DU ROI) K. KOCH)

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1608-1613 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. V. Nair ◽  
E. Von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Mixture ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Heartwood Extractives ◽  
Long Chain

The acetone-soluble constituents of the heartwood of tamarack have been investigated. The flavanonols taxifolin and aromadendrin were isolated in 0.30 and 0.05% yield and a trace amount of quercetin was obtained. Tropolones could not be detected, nor was there any evidence for resin acids. The major portion of the extract consisted of esters of ferulic, phthalic, and long-chain fatty acids. Eicosanyl ferulate was isolated as such, whereas the other constituents were identified after saponification. Gas liquid chromatography of the fatty acid mixture indicated the presence of palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids as well as small amounts of C14, stearic, and C20 acids. From the non-saponifiable portion β-sitosterol, eicosanol, and nonan-2-ol were isolated. The acetone extract also contained free D-galactose and L-arabinose.

scholarly journals Subcellular distribution and characteristics of trihydroxycoprostanoyl-CoA synthetase in rat liver

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Schepers ◽  
M Casteels ◽  
K Verheyden ◽  
G Parmentier ◽  
S Asselberghs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Cholic Acid ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Subcellular Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Activation ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Microsomal Membranes ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Long Chain

The subcellular distribution and characteristics of trihydroxycoprostanoyl-CoA synthetase were studied in rat liver and were compared with those of palmitoyl-CoA synthetase and choloyl-CoA synthetase. Trihydroxycoprostanoyl-CoA synthetase and choloyl-CoA synthetase were localized almost completely in the endoplasmic reticulum. A quantitatively insignificant part of trihydroxycoprostanoyl-CoA synthetase was perhaps present in mitochondria. Peroxisomes, which convert trihydroxycoprostanoyl-CoA into choloyl-CoA, were devoid of trihydroxycoprostanoyl-CoA synthetase. As already known, palmitoyl-CoA synthetase was distributed among mitochondria, peroxisomes and endoplasmic reticulum. Substrate- and cofactor- (ATP, CoASH) dependence of the three synthesis activities were also studied. Cholic acid and trihydroxycoprostanic acid did not inhibit palmitoyl-CoA synthetase; palmitate inhibited the other synthetases non-competitively. Likewise, cholic acid inhibited trihydroxycoprostanic acid activation non-competitively and vice versa. The pH curves of the synthetases did not coincide. Triton X-100 affected the activity of each of the synthetases differently. Trihydroxycoprostanoyl-CoA synthetase was less sensitive towards inhibition by pyrophosphate than choloyl-CoA synthetase. The synthetases could not be solubilized from microsomal membranes by treatment with 1 M-NaCl, but could be solubilized with Triton X-100 or Triton X-100 plus NaCl. The detergent-solubilized trihydroxycoprostanoyl-CoA synthetase could be separated from the solubilized choloyl-CoA synthetase and palmitoyl-CoA synthetase by affinity chromatograpy on Sepharose to which trihydroxycoprostanic acid was bound. Choloyl-CoA synthetase and trihydroxycoprostanoyl-CoA synthetase could not be detected in homogenates from kidney or intestinal mucosa. The results indicate that long-chain fatty acids, cholic acid and trihydroxycoprostanic acid are activated by three separate enzymes.

Linolenate transport by human jejunum: presumptive evidence for portal transport at low absorption rates

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (2) ◽  
pp. G157-G162
Author(s):  
C. M. Surawicz ◽  
D. R. Saunders ◽  
J. Sillery ◽  
C. E. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Biopsy Tube ◽  
Long Chain

Are the small quantities of linolenic acid (LA) in a meal absorbed via a different pathway than the higher concentrations of the other long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) in a mixed meal? To answer this question, varying LA concentrations were infused into the human jejunum via a quadruple-lumen hydraulic biopsy tube. After 0.01-mM LA infusion, no LA was found in triglyceride (TG) extracted from jejunal biopsies, although 58% of the phospholipid plus monoglyceride fraction (PL + MG) and 42% of the LCFA fraction were LA. In marked contrast, after 5.0-mM LA infusion, 60% of the TG, 28% of the PL + MG, and only 3% of the LCFA fractions were LA. By electron microscopy, mostly very low-density lipoprotein-sized (less than 750 A) particles were seen within jejunal fasting biopsies and in biopsies after 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0-mM LA infusions; mostly chylomicrons (greater than 750 A) were seen within jejunal biopsies after 5.0-mM LA infusion. We conclude that LA at its usual very low dietary concentrations is absorbed mostly as invisible LCFA and PL molecules; whereas at higher concentrations it is absorbed like most dietary fat via lacteals as TG and PL within visible chylomicrons.

Long-chain fatty acids of peptococci and peptostreptococci

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-521
Author(s):  
C L Wells ◽  
C R Field
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The long-chain fatty acids extracted from the whole cells of 12 clinically significant species of peptococci and peptostreptococci were characterized by gas-liquid chromatography. The resulting methylated fatty acid profiles (and some unidentified compounds) of 82 strains allowed the 12 species to be separated into four groups. Fifteen strains of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius were placed in group I because they had a unique, prominent compound that occurred in the area where a C8 to C10 fatty acid would be expected. Group II, consisting of Peptostreptococcus intermedius, Peptostreptococcus micros, Peptostreptococcus parvulus, Peptococcus morbillorum, and Peptococcus constellatus, produced C14, C16:1, C18:1, and C18 fatty acids. Peptococcus prevotii, Peptococcus variabilus, Peptococcus magnus, Peptococcus asaccharolyticus, and Peptostreptococcus productus were placed in group III because they contained three to six additional, unidentified compounds that strikingly differentiated them from group II. Peptococcus saccharolyticus was the single species assigned to group IV because it yielded C14, C16, C18:1, C18, and C20 fatty acids and a prominent unidentified peak that occurred between C14 and C16 fatty acids. This study indicated that cellular long-chain fatty acids may be an important tool in clarifying the taxonomy of the peptococci and peptostreptococci.

Analysis of Long-Chain Fatty Acids by Gas-Liquid Chromatography

1959 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilhelm. Stoffel ◽  
Florence. Chu ◽  
E. H. Ahrens
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The lipids of four unusual non-pathogenic host-associated spirochetes

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1877-1880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. Livermore ◽  
Russell C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Phosphatidyl Glycerol ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Complex Lipids ◽  
Monogalactosyl Diglyceride ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Long Chain

The lipid compositions of two spirochetes isolated from the human oral cavity and two isolated from pig feces were examined. These isolates were unusual in that they did not require long-chain fatty acids for growth, as do the other host-associated spirochetes, but rather required isobutyric and valeric acids. Therefore, they could be cultured in a medium free of serum or fatty acid –albumin supplements. The major fatty acids synthesized were normal and iso fatty acids with 14 and 16 carbons. No unsaturated fatty acids were detected, nor were chain lengths longer than 16 carbons. The major complex lipids found were monogalactosyl diglyceride, phosphatidyl glycerol, and bis-phosphatidyl glycerol. Nitrogenous phospholipids, present in Treponema and Leptospira, were not synthesized by these novel strains. The data indicate an intermediate position of these isolates between Treponema and free-living Spirochaeta.

Release of essential fatty acids from the rat mesenteric vascular bed perfused in vitro: modulation by zinc

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 903-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Cunnane ◽  
Bassam A. Nassar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Perfusion Medium ◽  
Vascular Bed ◽  
Mesenteric Vascular Bed ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The rat mesenteric vascular bed releases prostaglandins when perfused in vitro. The present study evaluated the effect of perfusion of the rat mesenteric vascular bed in vitro with a buffer containing 0, 3, 6, or 9 nM of added zinc on the release of essential fatty acids over a 150-min period. Long chain fatty acids in the mesenteric lipids and in total lipid of the perfusion effluent were assayed by gas liquid chromatography. The presence of 6 nM zinc in the perfusing buffer almost completely prevented the change in 16–22 carbon long chain fatty acids in the mesenteric phospholipids and decreased the release of free fatty acids in comparison to that occurring in the absence of additional zinc. The results sugest that physiological amounts of zinc in the perfusion medium reduce the release of essential fatty acids from rat mesenteric lipids.Key words: zinc, phospholipid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, prostaglandin.

THE HEARTWOOD EXTRACTIVES OF PINUS RESINOSA AIT•

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sato ◽  
E. Von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Monomethyl Ether ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Trace Components ◽  
Heartwood Extractives

The acetone extract of red pine heartwood was found to contain mainly pinosylvin monomethyl ether, oleic, linoleic, dehydroabietic, and isopimaric acids, and triglycerides of unsaturated fatty acids. Smaller amounts of pinosylvin, β-sitosteryl esters, and benzoic acid were isolated. Palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, linoleic, pimaric, sandaracopimaric, abietic, neoabietic, vanillic, and three unidentified acids, as well as pinocembrin, vanillin, and eleven trace components were recorded by gas–liquid chromatography. A small amount of steam volatile oil, which may have taxonomic significance, was isolated. α-Pinene, β-pinene, myrcene, limonene, γ-terpinene, terpinolene, camphor, cis-p-menthan-8-ol, terpinen-4-ol, and α-terpineol were tentatively identified.Besides glucose and xylose, the methanol extract contained polylignan fractions similar to those which had been isolated previously from jack pine.

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