DEGRADATION OF D-GLUCOSE-1-C14 TO TRIOSE-REDUCTONE-C14

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1824-1828 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. Bauer ◽  
Carol Teed
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Glucose Molecule ◽  
Glycerol Formation

Triose-reductone-C14 was obtained by treating D-glucose-1-C14 with sodium hydroxide in the presence of lead acetate at elevated temperatures. Carbon atoms four, five, and six, as well as carbon atoms one, two, and three, of the D-glucose molecule are shown to contribute to the triose-reductone yield. The formation of triose-reductone was found not to be accompanied by glycerol formation. Mechanisms for fragmentation of reducing sugars are discussed in the light of these findings.

Paper ionophoresis of carbohydrates. I. Procedures and results for four electrolytes

1959 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Frahn ◽  
JA Mills
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Sugar Alcohols ◽  
Polyhydroxy Compounds ◽  
Hexose Sugars ◽  
The Common ◽  
Derivatives Of

Details are given of procedures for effecting paper ionophoresis of polyhydroxy compounds in the electrolytes borax, sodium arsenite, basic lead acetate, and sodium hydroxide. and for detecting the compounds after ionophoresis. Rates of migration are reported for 96 compounds, including all pentose and hexose sugars, the common disaccharides, all sugar alcohols up to the heptitols, the cyclitols, a number of glycols, and several glycosides and other derivatives of carbohydrates. Some new or improved reagents have been developed for locating carbohydrates on paper strips under various conditions. Sodium arsenite and basic lead acetate are the most effective electrolytes for separating reducing sugars, basic lead acetate is the best for separating sugar alcohols, and borax is the best for simple glycols. Some success has been achieved in correlating the configurations of stereoisomers with their mobilities in paper ionophoresis.

scholarly journals The estimation of carbohydrates. V. The supposed precipitation of reducing sugars by basic lead acetate

1916 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Rotatory Power ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Lead Compound ◽  
Sugar Analysis ◽  
Negative Reading ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Source Of Error

Gill in 1871 first pointed out that when an excess of basic lead acetate is added to a solution of invert sugar the negative rotation of the latter is greatly reduced owing to the formation of a soluble lead compound of laevulose. If sufficient lead solution is added the negative rotation may become a positive one; thus in one experiment quoted by Gill a negative reading of – 28° was transformed into a positive value of + 57°. The change of rotation was not, however, permanent and on removing the lead or on acidifying the solution the original rotatory power was restored. The change of rotation was attributed to an effect of the lead on the laevulose only; a solution of dextrose was practically unaffected by the presence of basic lead acetate. Since Gill's paper the effect of basic lead acetate as a source of error in sugar analysis has been the subject of numerous papers especially by Pellet, Svoboda, Edson, Prinsen Geerligs, Watts and Tempany and Eynon.

scholarly journals The catalytic effect of honey on formation of reducing sugars during sucrose hydrolysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Mirjana Radovanovic ◽  
Branimir Racic ◽  
Snezana Tanaskovic ◽  
Goran Markovic ◽  
Dalibor Tomic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Sucrose Hydrolysis ◽  
Sugar Syrup ◽  
Acacia Honey ◽  
Food Reserves ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

In commercial apiculture, beekepers usually remove honey from hives and replenish food reserves with sugar syrup. When honeybees use sugar syrup (sucrose solution), they break down sucrose into glucose and fructose. These processes exhaust and weaken bees. In order to prevent bee exhaustion resulting from this processing, bees should preferably be supplied with ready made food before winter, i.e., with syrup in which sucrose has already been inverted. Feeding with inverted syrups is the most popular way of honeybee feeding. Beekeepers usually prepare inverted syrups by adding a weak organic acid (citric, oxalic, acetic or lactic acid) to sucrose solution at elevated temperatures. Inverted syrup production under uncontrolled pH, temperature and time conditions can cause the formation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF), a compound harmful to bees. High quality inverted syrup can be obtained through the hydrolytic decomposition of sucrose by the enzyme invertase. Due to its invertase content, honey can be used as a biocatalyst for sucrose inversion. Invertase activity depends on the type, method and time of honey storage. This study evaluates the catalytic effect of acacia honey on formation of reducing sugars during hydrolysis of 50 wt.% sucrose solution. The ratio of reducing sugars and sucrose at 40?C, after 5 days of hydrolysis at a concentration of honey and 10 wt.% was 0.30 g reducing sugars/g of sucrose. The highest content of reducing sugars was achieved at a temperature of 35?C, after 48 h of invertion. In all samples of hydrolysates obtained at different temperatures (35?65?C), HMF was detected at concentrations of less than 4.32 mg kg?1. A high degree of negative correlation (coefficient of linearity ?0.94) was established between parameters of volumetric and polarimetric measurements during the hydrolysis of sucrose.

scholarly journals Optimization of pre-treatment of de-oiled oil seed cake for release of reducing sugars by response surface methodology

Bioethanol ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Sharmada ◽  
Apoorva Punja ◽  
Sonali S Shetty ◽  
Vinayaka B Shet ◽  
Louella Concepta Goveas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
H2so4 Concentration ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Alkali Hydrolysis ◽  
Optimized Conditions

AbstractPre-treatment is a process that releases simple sugars from complex lignocellulosic biomass by using chemicals like acid and alkali which are one of the simplest and cost effective techniques. In this study, the conditions for sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide pretreatment of de-oiled oil seed cake (DOSC) were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The levels of factors (DOSC concentration, agitation speed, sulphuric acid (H2SO4), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration and reaction time) that affect release of reducing sugars by pre-treatment were obtained by one factor at a time (OFAT) approach of which only H2SO4 concentration, NaOH concentration and reaction time showed significance. The levels of factors were optimized by central composite design. Optimized conditions were found to be 11.65% (v/v) of H2SO4 concentration at 1.28h and, 4 N of NaOH at 3.7 h for acid and alkali hydrolysis respectively. Under optimized conditions, the release of reducing sugars was found to be 0.69 g/L (41.36 mg RRS/ g cellulose) and 0.40 g/L (23.98 mg RRS/ g cellulose) for acid hydrolysis and alkali hydrolysis of DOSC, respectively. Hence, RSM was found to be an efficient technique to optimize the hydrolysis process and ensure maximum release of reducing sugars.

Extraction increase of coals treated with alcohol-sodium hydroxide at elevated temperatures

Fuel ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 289-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masataka Makabe ◽  
Yasuo Hirano ◽  
Koji Ouchi
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Elevated Temperatures

scholarly journals Effect of Storage and Packaging on the Quality of Dehydrated and Dehydrofrozen Pigeonpeas

1969 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-326
Author(s):  
Abdul R. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Considerable Degree ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Degree Of Acceptance ◽  
Polyethylene Bags ◽  
Color Deterioration

A study was undertaken to determine the effects of type of packaging and temperature of storage on the quality of dehydrated and dehydrofrozen pigeonpeas. Green pigeonpeas were soaked in 0.2-percent solution of sodium hydroxide for 4 hours and then dehydrated. The dehydrated pigeonpeas were packed in polyethylene bags and in tin cans, and stored for 1 year at room temperature, as well as at 100°F. Dehydrofrozen pigeonpeas were packed in polyethylene bags and stored at — 10°F. The results follow. 1. Pigeonpeas packed in polyethylene bags had the lowest total sugars, regardless of the temperature of storage, whereas no noticeable difference in the contents of starch, protein, and reducing sugars was obtained between the different samples. 2. The dehydrofrozen pigeonpeas had the best color. Color deterioration occurred in other samples in the following order: Pigeonpeas in cans stored at room temperature had the best color, in cans at 100°F. the next best, in polyethylene bags at room temperature came next, and in polyethylene bags at 100°F. the poorest color. 3. The dehydrofrozen pigeonpeas, as well as those stored in cans, had better texture (i.e. were more tender) than those stored in polyethylene bags at both temperatures. 4. The organoleptic appraisals indicated that the dehydrofrozen pigeonpeas received somewhat higher scores than the others, followed by those stored in tin cans and in polyethylene bags, respectively. However, the palatability of the pigeonpeas packed in polyethylene bags was not greatly affected, and they received a considerable degree of acceptance from the judges.

Sol-Gel Processing of PbTiO3 Fibers

1990 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.I. Aoki ◽  
S. C. Choi ◽  
D.A. Payne ◽  
H. Yanagida
Keyword(s):  
Lead Titanate ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Chelating Agents ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Titanium Isopropoxide ◽  
Pyroelectric Effect ◽  
Hydrolysis And Condensation ◽  
Ceramic Microstructure ◽  
Gel Processing

ABSTRACTLead titanate fibers were formed from lead acetate and titanium isopropoxide by sol-gel methods. Additions of acids and chelating agents were used to influence hydrolysis and condensation reactions. A variety of solvents were examined, and the effect of conditioning treatments at elevated temperatures were investigated. Data are reported for the rheological behavior of viscous sols, fiber drawing ability, pyrolysis and crystallization of gels and fibers. Features of the ceramic microstructure are reported. A pyroelectric effect was measured for PbTiO3 fibers.

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