BETATRON IRRADIATION OF AQUEOUS FERROUS SULPHATE SOLUTIONS

R. W. Hummel; J. W. T. Spinks

doi:10.1139/v53-036

BETATRON IRRADIATION OF AQUEOUS FERROUS SULPHATE SOLUTIONS

Canadian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1139/v53-036 ◽

1953 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 250-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R. W. Hummel ◽

J. W. T. Spinks

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Gamma Rays ◽

Ferrous Sulphate ◽

X Rays ◽

Peak Energy

The oxidation of aerated aqueous solutions of ferrousammonium sulphate has been studied using radium gamma rays and X rays of 24.5 Mev. peak energy from a betatron. The behavior at high photon energies has been shown to be closely similar to that at lower photon energies.

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IRRADIATION OF ONE MOLAR AQUEOUS CHLORAL HYDRATE SOLUTION WITH Co60-GAMMA-RAYS AND BETATRON X RAYS

Canadian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1139/v53-150 ◽

1953 ◽

Vol 31 (12) ◽

pp. 1164-1172 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

G. R. Freeman ◽

A. B. Van Cleave ◽

J. W. T. Spinks

Keyword(s):

Gamma Rays ◽

Chloral Hydrate ◽

Specific Yield ◽

Square Root ◽

X Rays ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Peak Energy ◽

Γ Rays ◽

A Chain ◽

Co60 Gamma

The production of acid by irradiation of 1 M chloral hydrate solutions is proportional to the dose at a given dose rate. The specific yield is the same for Co60 γ-rays as for 23 Mev. peak energy X rays and is a linear function of the inverse of the square root of the close rate. The reaction is apparently a chain reaction.

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BETATRON IRRADIATION OF WATER SATURATED WITH BENZENE

Canadian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1139/v53-060 ◽

1953 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 448-456 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G. R. Freeman ◽

A. B. Van Cleave ◽

J. W.T. Spinks

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Gamma Rays ◽

X Rays ◽

High Energies ◽

Dose Determination ◽

Peak Energy ◽

Dilute Aqueous Solution ◽

The Difference ◽

Water Saturated ◽

Oxidation Of Benzene

The oxidation of benzene to phenol in dilute aqueous solution by Co60 gamma rays and betatron X-rays (23 Mev. peak energy) is compared with the oxidationof Fe++ to Fe+++ under similar conditions. The ratio [Formula: see text]was the same for Co60 and betatron radiations. The yield for the Co60 radiations was about 10% greater than the apparent yield for the betatron radiations, the difference probably being attributable to dose determination at high energies (>1 Mev.). It is concluded that both reactions are independent of energy and dose rate over the ranges investigated.

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Chemical Species Identification in an SEM by Changes in Emitted X-Ray Energies

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100052869 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 570-571

Author(s):

R. H. Duff

Keyword(s):

Species Identification ◽

Valence Electron ◽

Chemical Species ◽

X Rays ◽

Chemical Bonds ◽

Small Shift ◽

X Ray ◽

Electron Transitions ◽

Peak Energy ◽

Chemical Combination

A material irradiated with electrons emits x-rays having energies characteristic of the elements present. Chemical combination between elements results in a small shift of the peak energies of these characteristic x-rays because chemical bonds between different elements have different energies. The energy differences of the characteristic x-rays resulting from valence electron transitions can be used to identify the chemical species present and to obtain information about the chemical bond itself. Although these peak-energy shifts have been well known for a number of years, their use for chemical-species identification in small volumes of material was not realized until the development of the electron microprobe.

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