Response of a polyvinyl chloride water pipe when transverse to an underlying pipe replaced by pipe bursting

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1258-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Cholewa ◽  
R. W.I. Brachman ◽  
I. D. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Ground Movements ◽  
Surface Uplift ◽  
Pipe Bursting ◽  
Measured Strain ◽  
Pvc Pipe ◽  
Sand And Gravel ◽  
Term Performance

An existing deteriorated or hydraulically undersized pipe can be replaced with a new pipe by static pipe bursting. Cavity expansion during pipe bursting induces ground movements, which may potentially damage nearby buried utilities if they are in close proximity to the pipe bursting operation. A large-scale pipe bursting experiment was performed in an 8 m long, 8 m wide, and 3 m deep test pit filled with a well-graded sand and gravel soil. A polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe, crossing transversely and 0.45 m above the existing pipe being replaced, was instrumented with strain gages to quantify the response of that transverse utility to the ground movements associated with pipe bursting. In this paper, the measured strain and corresponding deflection of the PVC pipe are examined and compared with measurements of surface uplift. The maximum longitudinal strain measured in the pipe was less than 0.1% and its vertical diameter decreased by only 0.5%, suggesting that ground displacements induced by pipe bursting did not jeopardize the transverse water pipe’s long-term performance, provided its joints were not damaged. A simplified design equation is introduced and shown to provide estimates of maximum longitudinal strain in the PVC pipe close to those measured during the laboratory experiment.

scholarly journals Forensic investigation of Gumbasa irrigation main canal damage due to large-scale flow liquefaction in Sibalaya caused by the 2018 Sulawesi Earthquake

2021 ◽  
Vol 930 (1) ◽  
pp. 012079
Author(s):  
S Nurdin ◽  
A Arsyad ◽  
F A Marhum ◽  
H Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Forensic Investigation ◽  
Flexible Pipe ◽  
Ground Movements ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Future Earthquake ◽  
Main Canal ◽  
Flow Liquefaction

Abstract This study conducted an extensive soil investigation in the Sibalaya liquefaction area to identify the Gumbasa main canal’s damage triggered by flow liquefaction. Several field tests and trenches with approximately 4 m were excavated to observe liquefied soil layers directly near the canal. A borehole, standard penetration test, and multichannel analysis surface waves (MASW) were performed beside the trench to obtain each layer’s penetration resistance. This research aims to understand the landslide’s whole aspect. The ground movements were analyzed by using satellite photos before and after the earthquake. The displacement of the main canal, the typical damage inventory, and the proposed reconstruction of the main canal are the focus of this study. As a result of the forensic investigation, the liquefied layers and debris flow contributing to the massive landslide were identified to impact the primary canal. The typical damage of the canal was due to surface rupture that occurred both horizontally and vertically. A solution for reconstructing the main canal is to use a flexible pipe canal structure. That will be resilient to future earthquake and ground movements, stabilize the ground downslope of the existing canal to limit the risk of future lateral movement in future earth tremors.

A Tractor Mounted Sampler for Obtaining Large Soil Columns

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Walker ◽  
J. David O'Dell ◽  
Jeff D. Wolt ◽  
G. Neil Rhodes ◽  
John G. Graveel
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Method ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Hydraulic Cylinder ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Pvc Pipe ◽  
Large Soil ◽  
Pesticide Leaching

A tractor mounted sampler was constructed which allows large soil columns to be obtained rapidly and with minimal physical effort. The machine utilizes the hydraulic system of a tractor to push a steel sampling cylinder containing 30.5-cm id. polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe into the soil, after which the hydraulic cylinder is retracted to pull the pipe and enclosed soil from the ground. Columns 68 cm in length were taken with a hydraulic cylinder pressure of approximately 10 MPa. Soil separated evenly at the bottom of the columns, and compaction was measured to be approximately 5%. This is a relatively simple and rapid method for obtaining large soil columns for use in pesticide leaching studies.

scholarly journals Renewable energy from the waste soles through thermal pyrolysis-A novel approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
MA Hashem ◽  
AC Paul ◽  
S Hosen ◽  
A Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
New Product ◽  
Fractional Distillation ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Thermal Pyrolysis ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Thermoplastic Rubber

Footwear is a booming sector in Bangladesh. Disposing of process residues from the footwear industries, especially production waste of thermoplastic rubber and polyvinyl chloride soles as well as human used soles is a big concern due to its non-biodegradability. In this work, waste thermoplastic rubber (TPR) and polyvinylchloride (PVC) soles were used as an energy source through the fixed-bed-fire-tube heating pyrolysis to reduce the pollution load. The experiments were performed at varying temperature within the range of 250°C to 450°C at every 100°C interval for each case. In pyrolysis oil, char and gas were produced from the both TPR and PVC soles; temperature increment was created more percentage of oil from the both soles. At same condition TPR sole was produced 12.3% more oil than PVC sole. The pyrolytic oils were made fractional distillation; obtained liquids were relatively greater in volume and low boiling range. The obtained liquids from the fractional distillation were exhibited more light fractions present in the pyrolytic polyvinyl chloride oil (PPVCO) than pyrolytic thermoplastic rubber oil (PTPRO). The process could be optimized for the large scale, which will offer advantages to reduce the environmental impact as well as the production of new product from the waste soles.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52(2), 141-146, 2017

PVCO Pipeline Performance Under Large Ground Deformation

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad P. Wham ◽  
Christina Argyrou ◽  
Thomas D. O'Rourke ◽  
Harry E. Stewart ◽  
Timothy K. Bond
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Joint Rotation ◽  
Statistical Characterization

Technological advances have improved pipeline capacity to accommodate large ground deformation associated with earthquakes, floods, landslides, tunneling, deep excavations, mining, and subsidence. The fabrication of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) piping, for example, can be modified by expanding PVC pipe stock to approximately twice its original diameter, thus causing PVC molecular chains to realign in the circumferential direction. This process yields biaxially oriented polyvinyl chloride (PVCO) pipe with increased circumferential strength, reduced pipe wall thickness, and enhanced cross-sectional flexibility. This paper reports on experiments performed at the Cornell University Large-Scale Lifelines Testing Facility characterizing PVCO pipeline performance in response to large ground deformation. The evaluation was performed on 150-mm (6-in.)-diameter PVCO pipelines with bell-and-spigot joints. The testing procedure included determination of fundamental PVCO material properties, axial joint tension and compression tests, four-point bending tests, and a full-scale fault rupture simulation. The test results show that the performance of segmental PVCO pipelines under large ground deformation is strongly influenced by the axial pullout and compressive load capacity of the joints, as well as their ability to accommodate deflection and joint rotation. The PVCO pipeline performance is quantified in terms of its capacity to accommodate horizontal ground strain, and compared with a statistical characterization of lateral ground strains caused by soil liquefaction during the Canterbury earthquake sequence in New Zealand.

Quantifying the dynamic topography through a combination of basin-averaged erosion rates and geomorphic analysis from the Anti Atlas and Western Meseta (Morocco) transient landscape

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romano Clementucci ◽  
Lionel Siame ◽  
Paolo Ballato ◽  
Ahmed Yaaqoub ◽  
Abderrahim Essaifi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Transient State ◽  
Dynamic Topography ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Marine Deposits ◽  
Surface Uplift ◽  
Atlas Mountains ◽  
Middle Atlas

<p>The topography of the Atlas-Meseta system (Morocco) is the result of Late Cenozoic rejuvenation related to mantle-driven uplift. This recent, large-scale dynamic uplift is testified by the occurrence of uplifted shallow-water marine deposits in the Middle Atlas Mountains and in the Western Meseta, indicating that surface uplift must have started after the Late Miocene (Messinian) at rates of 0.1 to 0.2 mm yr<sup>-1</sup>. This recent pulse is still recorded by transient river networks and by the presence of uplifted relict landscape. In particular, in the Anti Atlas and Western Maroccan Meseta, the lack of significant Cenozoic crustal shortening and the occurrence of several hundred of meters of mantle-driven uplift, offers the possibility to investigate magnitude, timing and rates of deep-seated uplift. In this study we have combined geomorphic analysis of stream profiles with in situ-produced cosmogenic concentrations (<sup>10</sup>Be, <sup>26</sup>Al) in river sediments and bedrock surfaces (corresponding to relict landscape upstream of knickpoints), in order to decipher the uplift history. Our catchment-mean erosion rates allow us to quantitatively constrain the transient state of landscape and hence to unravel the contribution of regional surface uplift on mountain building processes in Morocco during the Plio-Quaternary.</p>

Response of tapered piles subjected to lateral loading

1999 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Hesham El Naggar ◽  
Jin Qi Wei
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Lateral Loading ◽  
Cohesionless Soil ◽  
Lateral Loads ◽  
Moment Functions ◽  
Measured Strain ◽  
Displacement Transducers

Eighteen lateral loading tests were conducted on large-scale steel piles to establish the lateral behaviour of tapered piles in cohesionless soil. Three piles 1.52 m in length with different taper angles but the same average embedded diameter of 168 mm were installed in sand enclosed in a steel chamber 1.5 m in diameter and 1.445 m in depth. The soil chamber was lined with an air bladder so that sand inside the chamber could be pressurized to vary the confining pressure. The piles were instrumented with electrical resistance strain gauges and the horizontal pile movements at grade and the loading point were measured with displacement transducers. The bending-moment functions along the pile were calculated from the strain measurements by curve fitting the measured strain data. The soil resistance (p) and pile displacement (y) relationships were developed in the form of p-y curves by differentiating and integrating these bending-moment functions. It was found that tapered piles carried up to 77% more lateral loads than straight-sided-wall piles with the same average diameter. The maximum bending moment occurred in all piles at almost the same depth of one third of the embedded length of the pile. Hence, the cross section of tapered piles at the location of maximum bending moment was larger than that of straight-sided-wall piles, resulting in lower stresses in the pile. It was concluded that the tapered piles represent a more efficient distribution of the pile material and display better performance under lateral loading conditions.Key words: tapered piles, lateral response, p-y curves, modulus of subgrade reaction.

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