scholarly journals A note on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe traps for sampling vegetation-dwelling frogs in South Africa

2013 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan J. Trimble ◽  
Rudi J. van Aarde
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Pvc Pipe

A Tractor Mounted Sampler for Obtaining Large Soil Columns

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Walker ◽  
J. David O'Dell ◽  
Jeff D. Wolt ◽  
G. Neil Rhodes ◽  
John G. Graveel
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Method ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Hydraulic Cylinder ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Pvc Pipe ◽  
Large Soil ◽  
Pesticide Leaching

A tractor mounted sampler was constructed which allows large soil columns to be obtained rapidly and with minimal physical effort. The machine utilizes the hydraulic system of a tractor to push a steel sampling cylinder containing 30.5-cm id. polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe into the soil, after which the hydraulic cylinder is retracted to pull the pipe and enclosed soil from the ground. Columns 68 cm in length were taken with a hydraulic cylinder pressure of approximately 10 MPa. Soil separated evenly at the bottom of the columns, and compaction was measured to be approximately 5%. This is a relatively simple and rapid method for obtaining large soil columns for use in pesticide leaching studies.

scholarly journals DURABILIDADE E DESEMPENHO DOS COMPONENTES DE UM SISTEMA DE PULVERIZAÇÃO ACOPLADO AO PIVÔ CENTRAL

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robson André ARMINDO2 ◽  
Tarlei Arriel BOTREL ◽  
Priscila Rosenbaum FERIANCIC
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Solenoid Valve ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Center Pivot ◽  
Pvc Pipe ◽  
And Performance ◽  
System Prototype

Neste trabalho, teve-se por objetivo avaliar a durabilidade e o desempenho de um protótipo de sistema de pulverização (NOTLIADA), acoplado ao sistema de irrigação pivô central, quanto ao conjunto de emissão; ao conjunto eletro-eletrônico de acionamento; a válvula solenóide; e a adaptação de uma tubulação de cloreto de polivinila (PVC), de instalação predial soldável. Os testes foram realizados em um protótipo do sistema, montando em uma área anexa ao Laboratório de Hidráulica do Departamento de Engenharia Rural (LER), pertencente à Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” - ESALQ/USP. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que não houve alteração, a 5% de significância, da vazão dos quatro tipos de conjuntos de emissão testados em 505 horas intermitentes de avaliação. Também a 5% de significância, não houve variação dos diâmetros dos emissores. O circuito eletro-eletrônico, a válvula solenóide, a tubulação de material PVC (cloreto de polivinila) soldável e os demais dispositivos da barra de pulverização operaram satisfatoriamente no mesmo período de avaliação confirmando a confiabilidade do sistema de pulverização desenvolvido. ABSTRACT This work aimed to evaluate the durability and performance of the pulverization system prototype (NOTLIADA) attached to center pivot irrigation system. The flow emission sets, electronic actuation, solenoid valve and the adaptation of a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe were evaluated. Tests were performed on a prototype system, riding in the Laboratório de Hidráulica of the Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, belonging to the Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" - ESALQ /USP. The results showed no change, 5% significance level, in the flow of the four different emission sets tested in intermittent evaluation and also, no significant variation of the emitters diameters. The circuit electronics, solenoid valve, pipe and other devices of the spray bar operated satisfactorily during the same period of evaluation confirmed the reliability of the pulverization system developed.

Response of a polyvinyl chloride water pipe when transverse to an underlying pipe replaced by pipe bursting

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1258-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Cholewa ◽  
R. W.I. Brachman ◽  
I. D. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Ground Movements ◽  
Surface Uplift ◽  
Pipe Bursting ◽  
Measured Strain ◽  
Pvc Pipe ◽  
Sand And Gravel ◽  
Term Performance

An existing deteriorated or hydraulically undersized pipe can be replaced with a new pipe by static pipe bursting. Cavity expansion during pipe bursting induces ground movements, which may potentially damage nearby buried utilities if they are in close proximity to the pipe bursting operation. A large-scale pipe bursting experiment was performed in an 8 m long, 8 m wide, and 3 m deep test pit filled with a well-graded sand and gravel soil. A polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe, crossing transversely and 0.45 m above the existing pipe being replaced, was instrumented with strain gages to quantify the response of that transverse utility to the ground movements associated with pipe bursting. In this paper, the measured strain and corresponding deflection of the PVC pipe are examined and compared with measurements of surface uplift. The maximum longitudinal strain measured in the pipe was less than 0.1% and its vertical diameter decreased by only 0.5%, suggesting that ground displacements induced by pipe bursting did not jeopardize the transverse water pipe’s long-term performance, provided its joints were not damaged. A simplified design equation is introduced and shown to provide estimates of maximum longitudinal strain in the PVC pipe close to those measured during the laboratory experiment.

scholarly journals In-Line Ultrasonic Monitoring for Sediments Stuck on Inner Wall of a Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hogeon Seo ◽  
Kyoungjun Lee ◽  
Kyung-Young Jhang
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Ultrasonic Inspection ◽  
Acoustic Energy ◽  
Ultrasonic Monitoring ◽  
Echo Detection ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Pvc Pipe ◽  
Pulse Echo ◽  
Hot Melt

This research verified the applicability and effectiveness of the ultrasonic monitoring of sediments stuck on the inner wall of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes. For identifying the transmittance of acoustic energy and the speed of sound in the PVC material, the pulse-echo ultrasonic testing was conducted for PVC sheets of different thicknesses. To simulate the solidified sediment, the hot melt adhesive (HMA) was covered on the inner wall of the PVC pipe in different heights. From the experiment, the speeds of sound in the PVC and the HMA materials were obtained as about 2258 and 2000 m/s, respectively. The thickness of the materials was calculated through the signal processing such as taking the absolute value and low pass filtering, the echo detection, and the measurement of the time of flight. The errors between actual and measured thicknesses of PVC sheets were below 5%. In the case of the substance stuck on the inner wall, the errors were below 2.5%. Since the pulse-echo ultrasonic inspection is available on the outer surface and its measurement accuracy was over 95%, it can be an efficient and effective in-service structural health monitoring for the sediment on the wall of PVC pipes.

scholarly journals Releases of Fire-Derived Contaminants from Water Pipes Made of Polyvinyl Chloride Polymer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngee-Sing Chong ◽  
Saidi Abdulramoni ◽  
Dwight Patterson ◽  
Heather Brown
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Allyl Chloride ◽  
Methyl Chloride ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Water Pipes ◽  
Pvc Pipe ◽  
Exposure Risks

In order to assess the human exposure risks from the release of contaminants from water pipes made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), experiments were carried out by subjecting the PVC pipe material to burning and leaching conditions followed by analysis of the emission and leachate samples. The emissions of burning pipes were analyzed by both infrared spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The emission results indicate the presence of chlorinated components including chlorine dioxide, methyl chloride, methylene chloride, allyl chloride, vinyl chloride, ethyl chloride, 1-chlorobutane, tetrachloroethylene, chlorobenzene, and hydrogen chloride were detected in the emissions of burning PVC pipes. Furthermore, the concentrations of benzene, 1,3-butadiene, methyl methacrylate, carbon monoxide, acrolein, and formaldehyde were found at levels capable of affecting human health adversely. The analysis of PVC pipe leachates using GC-MS shows that there are 40-60 tentatively identified compounds, mostly long-chain hydrocarbons such as tetradecane, hexadecane, octadecane, and docosane, were released when the burned PVC materials were soaked in deionized water for one week. Quantitative analysis shows that 2-butoxyethanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, and diethyl phthalate were found in the burned PVC polymer at the average levels of 2.7, 14.0, and 3.1 micrograms per gram (g/g) of pipe material. This study has significant implications for understanding the benzene contamination of drinking water in the aftermath of wildfires that burned polymer pipes in California.

The Design of Underground Thrust Restrained Systems for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe

2009 ◽  
pp. 245-245-21
Author(s):  
Harold Kennedy ◽  
Dennis D. Shumard ◽  
Cary M. Meeks
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Pvc Pipe

scholarly journals Releases of Fire-Derived Contaminants from Polymer Pipes Made of Polyvinyl Chloride

Toxics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngee Sing Chong ◽  
Saidi Abdulramoni ◽  
Dwight Patterson ◽  
Heather Brown
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Allyl Chloride ◽  
Methyl Chloride ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Pvc Pipe ◽  
Exposure Risks

In order to assess the human exposure risks from the release of contaminants from water pipes made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), experiments were carried out by subjecting the PVC pipe material to burning and leaching conditions followed by analysis of the emission and leachate samples. The emissions of burning pipes were analyzed by both infrared spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The emission test results indicate the presence of chlorinated components including chlorine dioxide, methyl chloride, methylene chloride, allyl chloride, vinyl chloride, ethyl chloride, 1-chlorobutane, tetrachloroethylene, chlorobenzene, and hydrogen chloride were detected in the emissions of burning PVC pipes. Furthermore, the concentrations of benzene, 1,3-butadiene, methyl methacrylate, carbon monoxide, acrolein, and formaldehyde were found at levels capable of affecting human health adversely. The analysis of PVC pipe leachates using GC-MS shows that there are 40–60 tentatively identified compounds, mostly long-chain hydrocarbons such as tetradecane, hexadecane, octadecane, and docosane, were released when the burned PVC materials were soaked in deionized water for one week. Quantitative analysis shows that 2-butoxyethanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, and diethyl phthalate were found in the burned PVC polymer at the average levels of 2.7, 14.0, and 3.1 micrograms per gram (μg/g) of pipe material. This study has significant implications for understanding the benzene contamination of drinking water in the aftermath of wildfires that burned polymer pipes in California.

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