Band–Nonband Mobility Transition for Extra Electrons in Liquid Xenon

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (22) ◽  
pp. 2220-2222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toyoaki Kimura ◽  
Gordon R. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Critical Region ◽  
Liquid Xenon ◽  
Conduction Bands

The mobility of electrons in xenon increases from 1080 cm2/Vs at 168 K to a maximum of 3900 cm2/Vs at 220 K, then decreases as the temperature is increased further, reaching 21 cm2/Vs at the critical temperature, 290 K. The pressure on the sample was the vapor pressure of the liquid and the field strength was 16 V/cm. Electron scattering appears to be gas-like in the liquid near the critical region, while electron transport occurs in conduction bands in the liquid at lower temperatures.

Electron transport and negative streamers in liquid xenon

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 015006 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Simonović ◽  
N A Garland ◽  
D Bošnjaković ◽  
Z Lj Petrović ◽  
R D White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Liquid Xenon

Vapor pressure of liquid argon, krypton, and xenon

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Bowman ◽  
Ronald A. Aziz ◽  
C. C. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Liquid Argon ◽  
Quantum Corrections ◽  
Functional Relations ◽  
Potential Parameters ◽  
Corresponding States Principle ◽  
Pressure Analysis

The vapor pressure of liquid argon, krypton, and xenon was measured from below the normal boiling temperature to close to the critical temperature. Functional relations were fitted by a multiple regression analysis to the experimental data. Data of other authors are compared directly with the results presented here.Comparison of the vapor pressure curves for the three liquids showed that the classical corresponding states principle was obeyed only poorly and that it was necessary to include quantum corrections in comparing the reduced curves. The adjusted reduction factors agreed reasonably well with those found from vapor pressure analysis by other workers. De Boer plots on the basis of our potential parameters are more linear than those using the parameters of Boato and Casanova.

ON THE LIQUID–VAPOR COEXISTENCE CURVE OF XENON IN THE REGION OF THE CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 422-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Weinberger ◽  
W. G. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Critical Region ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Coexistence Curve ◽  
Packing Materials ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
Van Der Waals Theory ◽  
Liquid Vapor

The liquid–vapor coexistence curves of very pure xenon have been determined in bombs of vertical lengths 1.2 cm. and 19 cm. The longer bomb yielded a flat-topped coexistence curve, the shorter a more rounded curve. The classical van der Waals theory is capable of explaining a large portion of the flat top if effects of gravity are taken into account. Details of the theoretical variation of the width of the flat top with vertical bomb lengths are given. The critical data obtained for xenon are ρc = 1.105 gm./cc., Tc = 16.590 ±.001 °C. The danger of contamination of gases in the critical region on contact with gasket or packing materials is stressed.

THE VAPOR PRESSURE OF VINYL ACETATE

1933 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marsden ◽  
A. C. Cuthbertson
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Normal Boiling Point ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Heat Of Evaporation

This paper presents the results of the measurement of the vapor pressure of vinyl acetate, over the temperature range from 0 °C. to the normal boiling point. The determinations were carried out on vacuum distilled samples with an isoteniscope, differing slightly in detail from that used by Smith and Menzies(7).The normal boiling point is 72.5 °C. The molecular heat of evaporation has been found to be 8211 calories. The equation which represents the results is[Formula: see text]Trouton's constant and the critical temperature have been found to be 23.8 and 228.3 °C.

THE VISCOSITY OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN THE CRITICAL REGION

1940 ◽  
Vol 18b (10) ◽  
pp. 322-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Naldrett ◽  
O. Maass
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Critical Region ◽  
Liquid State ◽  
Condensation Temperature ◽  
Constant Density ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Great Precision ◽  
Temperature Time

Measurements of the viscosity of carbon dioxide in the critical region have been made with great precision by means of an oscillating disc viscosimeter. The variation of viscosity with temperature at constant density has been determined for 14 different densities. Isothermals have been evaluated from a plot of the isochores. One isothermal was determined directly and is in agreement with those determined indirectly.The form of the viscosity-temperature isochores is not the same as that found by Mason and Maass (12) for ethylene, in that there is no minimum at the critical temperature nor even up to 7 °C. above. For the region just above the condensation temperature, the viscosity is more dependent on density than on temperature; the isochores are almost flat and are well separated. However, the isothermals are spread between an upper and a lower limit of density, showing that viscosity is not entirely independent of temperature. Time lags were observed in the present investigation in the opposite direction to those observed by Geddes and Maass (9); this would appear to decrease the strength of their claims that the time lags that they observed are due to the formation of a structure in the liquid state.

Diffusion of a solute in dilute solution in a supercritical fluid

1991 ◽  
Vol 433 (1887) ◽  
pp. 63-79 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Critical Region ◽  
Critical Density ◽  
Partial Molar Volumes ◽  
Dilute Solution ◽  
Binary Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Binary Diffusion

The experimental evidence for the behaviour of the binary diffusion coefficient for a solute in dilute solution in a supercritical fluid (a fluid above its critical temperature and pressure) is reviewed. Measurements at very low dilution, particularly by the Taylor dispersion technique, indicate that, at constant temperature a few degrees above the critical temperature, the product of density and the diffusion coefficient exhibits a small, continuous and undramatic variation from zero density to well above the critical density. However, some measurements made at higher, but still very low concentrations (e.g. with mole fractions around 10 -3 ), show a lowering of the coefficient in the critical region. The equations, based on non-equilibrium thermodynamics, are put into a form in which the behaviour of the binary diffusion coefficient in the critical region, but not very close to the critical point, may be examined using an equation of state. Calculations for naphthalene in solution in carbon dioxide are carried out using the van der Waals equation of state for mixtures to indicate the form and order of magnitude of the ‘anomalous’ lowering of the coefficient, and especially its dependence on concentration. These indicate a substantial effect even at naphthalene mole fractions of 4.0 x 10 -4 or less and a temperatures 1, 3 and 9 K above the critical temperature of the pure solvent. In addition the flux of a solute in a supercritical fluid in the critical region with respect to space or cell-fixed coordinates is discussed. Because of the large and negative partial molar volumes of solutes like naphthalene in this region, the frames of reference, according to which the diffusion coefficients are defined, can be caused to move rapidly, commonly towards the source of concentration. Thus fluxes of solute with respect to space-fixed coordinates are further substantially reduced in the critical region. The combination of the lowering of the diffusion coefficient and barycentric motion can therefore cause a very significant reduction of solute mass transfer in the critical region and may be the explanation of the sometimes very large diffusion anomalies observed experimentally.

COEXISTENCE PHENOMENA IN THE CRITICAL REGION: III. COMPRESSIBILITY OF ETHYLENE AND XENON FROM LIGHT SCATTERING

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1399-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Murray ◽  
S. G. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Critical Region ◽  
Variable Function

Turbidity measurements in the region immediately above the critical temperature are used to calculate values of (∂p/∂ν)T These results show that (∂p/∂ν)T is a continuously variable function of the density to within 0.02 °C. above the critical temperature. The experiments indicate that there exists no region above Tc throughout which (∂p/∂ν)T = 0 in ethylene or xenon.

scholarly journals Profiles, potential and string tension of the flux tube in SU(2) and SU(3) lattice gauge theories

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Sodbileg Chagdaa ◽  
Enkhtuya Galsandorj ◽  
Battogtokh Purev
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Flux Tube ◽  
Gauge Theories ◽  
String Tension ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Lattice Gauge ◽  
Lattice Gauge Theories ◽  
Longitudinal Profiles

In this work, we have studied SU(2) and SU(3) gauge theories explaining the colour interaction of a quark and an antiquark, and their identical and dissimilar properties. Using both gauge theories, we have performed simulations under similar conditions and have studied the differences in the results obtained. We have compared the transverse and longitudinal profiles of the chromoelectric and chromomagnetic components of the field strength,  potential, and temperature-dependent string tension of the flux tube. The potential between the quark and antiquark of the SU(3) theory was larger than that of the SU(2) under all temperatures. The string tension of SU(3) tends to stabilize starting from the critical temperature while that of SU(2) has a gradual decreasing feature.

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