The Decay of 124Sb

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 406-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Johnson ◽  
K. C. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Beta Decay ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Decay Scheme ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Branching Ratios ◽  
Conversion Electrons ◽  
First Time

The gamma rays, beta rays, and conversion electrons emitted in the beta decay of 124Sb → 124Te have been observed using Ge(Li) and Si(Li) detectors both singly and in coincidence. The measured energies and intensities of the different transitions involved in this decay together with the coincidence results have allowed us to construct the decay scheme. The spin of most of the states and the parity of all of the states of 124Te populated in this decay have been deduced, some of them for the first time, and others as confirmations of previous assignments. We have also been able to assign collective parameters to many of these states, in terms of the vibrational model of nuclei, from the reduced branching ratios calculated from the gamma-ray intensities.

scholarly journals Nuclear Structure Investigations of some Medium-Weight Isotopes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Gavin Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Structure ◽  
Beta Decay ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Decay Scheme ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Calculated Cross Section ◽  
Beta Spectrum ◽  
Gamma Ray Detectors

<p>This thesis describes the methods and results of investigations made to determine the decay schemes of three short-lived isotopes 112Ag, 114Ag and 116Ag. A total of 76 gamma-rays was observed with a Ge(Li) detector in the gamma-radiation which follows the Beta-decay of 112Ag to levels of 112Cd. gamma- gamma coincidence and angular correlation measurements were made with Ge(Li)-NaI(T1) and NaI(T1)-NaI(T1) systems. A decay scheme consistent with the present data is proposed. Cross sections for the reactions 112Cd(n,p)112Ag and 115In(n, alpha)112Ag were measured, and the half-life of the 112Ag decay was found to be 3.14 plus-minus 0.01 hr. The decay scheme of 114Ag was studied with Ge(Li) gamma-ray detectors and plastic Beta-ray detectors. 9 of the 11 gamma-rays observed in the decay were incorporated into 114Cd level structure previously determined by conversion electron measurements on the 113Cd(n,gamma)114Cd reaction. The endpoint energy of the Beta-decay was determined as 4.90 plus-minus 0.26 MeV; no branching was evident in the Beta-spectrum. A decay scheme is proposed for which the Beta-branching was deduced from the measured gamma-ray yield and a calculated cross section value for the 114Cd(n,p)114Ag reaction. The 114Ag half-life was determined as 4.52 plus-minus 0.03 sec; a search for a previously reported isomeric state of 114Ag was unsuccessful. Ge(Li) and NaI(T1) gamma-ray detectors were used to study the direct and coincidence spectra that result from the decay of 116Ag, the half-life of which was found to be 2.50 plus-minus 0.02 min. 53 gamma-rays were observed from this decay. The Beta-branching to the 17 excited states of 116Cd in the proposed decay scheme was derived from the measured gamma-ray yield and a calculated cross section value for the 116Cd(n,p)Ag reaction. Spin and parity assignments for ihe energy levels of 116Cd are made. An investigation of the applicability of two collective models to nuclear structure typical of the Cd nuclei studied demonstrated that one of the models was misleading when applied to vibrational nuclei. A potential function was developed in the other model to extend the investigation to include a study of the transition between extremes of collective motion. This was used to examine the correspondence between nuclear level schemes representative of rotational and vibrational excitations.</p>

Decay of 142La

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1179-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Tong ◽  
W. V. Prestwich ◽  
K. Fritze
Keyword(s):  
Excited States ◽  
Beta Decay ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Proportional Counter ◽  
Decay Scheme ◽  
Branching Ratios ◽  
Coincidence Measurement

The energies of the gamma rays following the beta decay of 92.5 min 142La have been precisely measured, and a coincidence measurement with a NaI(Tl) and Ge(Li) system was made by gating the NaI(Tl) at 641 keV. With these results, the decay scheme of 142Ce derived by Prestwich and Kennett was modified. The beta branching ratios of the decay of 142La to the ground and excited states of 142Ce have also been obtained by simultaneous gamma and 4π beta countings with a 3 in. × 3 in. NaI(Tl) detector and a 4π-proportional counter.

scholarly journals Nuclear Structure Investigations of some Medium-Weight Isotopes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Gavin Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Structure ◽  
Beta Decay ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Decay Scheme ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Calculated Cross Section ◽  
Beta Spectrum ◽  
Gamma Ray Detectors

<p>This thesis describes the methods and results of investigations made to determine the decay schemes of three short-lived isotopes 112Ag, 114Ag and 116Ag. A total of 76 gamma-rays was observed with a Ge(Li) detector in the gamma-radiation which follows the Beta-decay of 112Ag to levels of 112Cd. gamma- gamma coincidence and angular correlation measurements were made with Ge(Li)-NaI(T1) and NaI(T1)-NaI(T1) systems. A decay scheme consistent with the present data is proposed. Cross sections for the reactions 112Cd(n,p)112Ag and 115In(n, alpha)112Ag were measured, and the half-life of the 112Ag decay was found to be 3.14 plus-minus 0.01 hr. The decay scheme of 114Ag was studied with Ge(Li) gamma-ray detectors and plastic Beta-ray detectors. 9 of the 11 gamma-rays observed in the decay were incorporated into 114Cd level structure previously determined by conversion electron measurements on the 113Cd(n,gamma)114Cd reaction. The endpoint energy of the Beta-decay was determined as 4.90 plus-minus 0.26 MeV; no branching was evident in the Beta-spectrum. A decay scheme is proposed for which the Beta-branching was deduced from the measured gamma-ray yield and a calculated cross section value for the 114Cd(n,p)114Ag reaction. The 114Ag half-life was determined as 4.52 plus-minus 0.03 sec; a search for a previously reported isomeric state of 114Ag was unsuccessful. Ge(Li) and NaI(T1) gamma-ray detectors were used to study the direct and coincidence spectra that result from the decay of 116Ag, the half-life of which was found to be 2.50 plus-minus 0.02 min. 53 gamma-rays were observed from this decay. The Beta-branching to the 17 excited states of 116Cd in the proposed decay scheme was derived from the measured gamma-ray yield and a calculated cross section value for the 116Cd(n,p)Ag reaction. Spin and parity assignments for ihe energy levels of 116Cd are made. An investigation of the applicability of two collective models to nuclear structure typical of the Cd nuclei studied demonstrated that one of the models was misleading when applied to vibrational nuclei. A potential function was developed in the other model to extend the investigation to include a study of the transition between extremes of collective motion. This was used to examine the correspondence between nuclear level schemes representative of rotational and vibrational excitations.</p>

Using a clinical linac to determine the energies of gamma-ray transitions and half-lives of barium nuclei

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 2050062
Author(s):  
Abdullah Engin Çalık ◽  
Kaan Manisa ◽  
Ahmet Biçer ◽  
Mehmet Erdoğan ◽  
Mürsel Şen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Linear Accelerator ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Hpge Detector ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Photonuclear Reactions ◽  
High Purity Germanium ◽  
Physics Experiment ◽  
First Time

Photonuclear reactions have great importance in understanding the structure of the nuclei. These reactions, performed using the gamma rays obtained by way of bremsstrahlung, are a standard nuclear physics experiment. In this study, a non-enriched barium sample was activated for the first time by using a clinical linear accelerator (cLINACs). The spectrum of barium radioisotopes was obtained by using a gamma spectrometry with a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The obtained spectroscopic data were analyzed and energy levels and half-life values together with their uncertainties were obtained. Some energy levels and half-lives of [Formula: see text]Ba were determined with more precision than those of literature values.

Gamma-ray production in the 170Er(p,n)170Tm nuclear reaction

Open Physics ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru Mihailescu ◽  
Gheorghe Cata-Danil
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Nuclear Reaction ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Compound Nucleus ◽  
Beam Energy ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Excitation Functions ◽  
Γ Ray ◽  
First Time

AbstractFor the first time discrete gamma-rays following the nuclear reaction 170Er(p,n)170Tm with enriched target were measured with a high resolution GeHP spectrometer. Protons delivered by the Bucharest FN Tandem Van de Graaff accelerator bombarded a thin self-supporting film of enriched erbium. Measured γ-ray energies (Eγ), their relative intensities (Iγ) and corresponding excitation functions for the beam energy range 2.0–3.6 MeV are reported in the present work. The measured excitation functions were fairly well reproduced by compound nucleus calculations based on the Hauser-Feshbach formalism.

The Decay of 169Yb

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (19) ◽  
pp. 2348-2354 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Sen ◽  
D. L. Salie ◽  
E. Tomchuk
Keyword(s):  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Internal Conversion ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Conversion Coefficient ◽  
Coulomb Excitation ◽  
Internal Conversion Coefficient ◽  
Electron Capture Decay ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
First Time

The decay of 169Yb was investigated using several Ge(Li) detectors of different sizes. The following gamma rays (energies in keV and intensities within brackets) were definitely identified with the 169Yb decay: 20.7 (0.66 ± 0.04), 63.1 (124 ± 5), 93.6 (7.2 ± 0.3), 109.8 (50 ± 2), 117.3 (0.08 ± 0.04), 118.2 (5.4 ± 0.2), 130.5 (34 ± 2), 156.7 (0.023 ± 0.004), 177.2(59 ± 3), 198.0 (100), 240.4 (0.33 ± 0.02), 261.0 (4.7 ± 0.2), and 307.7 (28 ± 1). The recently reported weak gamma-ray peaks at 515 (0.008 ± 0.002) and 625 (0.010 ± 0.002) were also observed and could not be ruled out as not belonging to 169Yb. The recently reported gamma-ray peaks at 140, 160, 207, 288, 295, 316, 320, 328, 355, 371, 379, 396, and 417 were detected and shown not to be from the decay of 169Yb while those at 218, 229, 285, 304, 335, 388, 411, and 425 were not observed and upper limits were placed on their intensities. The presence of very weak peaks at 515 and 625 establishes the formation of the 633 keV state of 169Tm following electron capture decay of 169Yb as reported by George. (This level has been previously observed only in Coulomb excitation of 169Tm.) The total internal conversion coefficient for the 20.7 keV transition was determined for the first time from the direct measurement of the gamma-ray intensity as 51 ± 10 corresponding to an M1 transition.

scholarly journals Observational signatures of gamma-rays from bright blazars and wakefield theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 493 (2) ◽  
pp. 2229-2237 ◽  
Author(s):  
N E Canac ◽  
K N Abazajian ◽  
T Tajima ◽  
T Ebisuzaki ◽  
S Horiuchi
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Accretion Disc ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
Energy Distributions ◽  
Wakefield Acceleration ◽  
Inverse Compton ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
First Time ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT Gamma-ray observations have revealed strong variability in blazar luminosities in the gamma-ray band over time-scales as short as minutes. We show, for the first time, that the correlation of the spectrum with intensity is consistent with the behaviour of the luminosity variation of blazar spectral energy distributions (SEDs) along a blazar sequence for low synchrotron peak blazars. We show that the observational signatures of variability with flux are consistent with wakefield acceleration of electrons initiated by instabilities in the blazar accretion disc. This mechanism reproduces the observed time variations as short as 100 s. The wakefield mechanism also predicts a reduction of the electron spectral index with increased gamma-ray luminosity, which could be detected in higher energy observations well above the inverse Compton peak.

Level structure of 88Rb

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 753-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lycklama ◽  
T. J. Kennett
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Beta Decay ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Decay Scheme ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Good Efficiency

The beta decay of 2.8 h 88Kr has been investigated using a high-resolution and good efficiency 40 cm3 coaxial Ge(Li) counter. A total of 40 gamma rays were detected and determined to belong to the beta decay of 88Kr. All but one of these were placed in a consistent decay scheme. As a result it was possible to give a plausible interpretation to the level structure of 88Rb.

Study of thermal neutron capture in potassium

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1109-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Johnson ◽  
T. J. Kennett
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Neutron ◽  
Excited States ◽  
Neutron Capture ◽  
Decay Scheme ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Branching Ratios ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Thermal Neutron Capture ◽  
Gamma Coincidence

The 39K(n,γ)40K reaction has been studied using a Ge(Li) and a Ge(Li)–Ge(Li) spectrometer. A total of 252 gamma-ray transitions has been observed and a gamma–gamma coincidence matrix involving 62 transitions has been established. A decay scheme based on the experimental results is deduced for 202 of the observed gamma-ray transitions. Spins and parities of some excited states have been estimated from the deduced branching ratios. The neutron separation energies of the 40K and 42K nuclei have been determined as 7800.5 ± 0.2 and 7535.2 ± 1.5 keV respectively.

An investigation of the 35Cl(n,γ)36Cl reaction

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Kennett ◽  
M. A. Islam ◽  
W. V. Prestwich
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Decay Scheme ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Neutron Separation Energy ◽  
Transition Energies ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Deconvolution Techniques ◽  
Average Uncertainty

A detailed study of the neutron-capture gamma-ray spectrum for chlorine, above an energy of 1.6 MeV, has revealed a total of 234 transitions with intensity greater than 0.04%. Consistency tests indicate that the average energy uncertainty for the entire set of gamma rays is 0.1 keV. Data reduction was accomplished by invoking spectral deconvolution techniques with the result that many previously reported transitions were found to be multiplets. A decay scheme was derived by making use of both these new findings and the high energy precision attained for the transition energies. The proposed decay scheme accounts for more than 98% of the observed intensity and the energy of the levels included were found to have an average uncertainty of 0.08 keV. Based upon an error-free 15N neutron separation energy of 10 833.30 keV, the Q values for 35Cl(n,γ)36Cl and 37Cl(n,γ)38Cl were found to be 8579.82 (2) and 6107.85 (10) keV, respectively.

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