Residual stress characterization of a fabrication weld from the VICTORIA-Class submarine pressure hull: revealing the Unseen Special issue on Neutron Scattering in Canada.

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 759-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. McGregor ◽  
R. B. Rogge
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Base Material ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Fatigue And Fracture ◽  
Operational Envelope ◽  
Rare Opportunity ◽  
Complementary Study

Explicit understanding of the residual-stress character of primary submarine pressure hull weldments will improve the fidelity of numerical analysis and experimentation supporting operational envelope and design life. A length of circumferential-seam closure weld was contained within a section of hull plate removed from the HMCS VICTORIA during the extended docking work period (EDWP) refit operations. This has provided a rare opportunity for detailed characterization of the as-received condition of this common weld-type from original vessel assembly. In collaboration with the Canadian Neutron Beam Centre of the National Research Council (NRC), a program was conducted to study this weld using neutron diffraction. Neutron diffraction is able to survey nondestructively through the section thickness, providing a three-dimensional characterization, while leaving the specimen intact for complementary study by other methods. Results indicate tensile stress peaks of up to 80% of the base-material yield stress. Understanding the three-dimensional behaviour of residual stress in this type of weld provides a valuable resource to the numerical modelling community. The results can also support fatigue and fracture experimental work and serve to confirm and improve the interpretation of the existing body of “surface-only” work conducted on similar welds.

Characterization of the three-dimensional residual stress distribution in SiC bulk crystals by neutron diffraction

CrystEngComm ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (43) ◽  
pp. 6527-6532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuejian Xie ◽  
Xiaobo Hu ◽  
Xiufang Chen ◽  
Fafu Liu ◽  
Xianglong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
Bulk Crystals ◽  
First Time ◽  
Neutron Diffraction Method

The neutron diffraction method was adopted to study the three-dimensional residual stress distribution in SiC bulk crystals for the first time.

Residual Stresses in Steel and Zirconium Weldments

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Root ◽  
C. E. Coleman ◽  
J. W. Bowden ◽  
M. Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Stress Relieving

Three-dimensional scans of residual stress within intact weldments provide insight into the consequences of various welding techniques and stress-relieving procedures. The neutron diffraction method for nondestructive evaluation of residual stresses has been applied to a circumferential weld in a ferritic steel pipe of outer diameter 114 mm and thickness 8.6 mm. The maximum tensile stresses, 250 MPa in the hoop direction, are found at mid-thickness of the fusion zone. The residual stresses approach zero within 20 mm from the weld center. The residual stresses caused by welding zirconium alloy components are partially to blame for failures due to delayed hydride cracking. Neutron diffraction measurements in a GTA-welded Zr-2.5Nb plate have shown that heat treatment at 530°C for 1 h reduces the longitudinal residual strain by 60 percent. Neutron diffraction has also been used to scan the residual stresses near circumferential electron beam welds in irradiated and unirradiated Zr-2.5Nb pressure tubes. The residual stresses due to electron beam welding appear to be lower than 130 MPa, even in the as-welded state. No significant changes occur in the residual stress pattern of the electron-beam welded tube, during a prolonged exposure to thermal neutrons and the temperatures typical of an operating nuclear reactor.

Characterization of residual stress in laser melting deposited CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy by neutron diffraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 127247
Author(s):  
H.G. Li ◽  
T.L. Lee ◽  
W. Zheng ◽  
Y.Z. Lu ◽  
H.B.C. Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
High Entropy Alloy ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
High Entropy

Weld Characterization and Residual Stress Measurements for TC-128B Steel Plate

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Sutton ◽  
I. Abdelmajid ◽  
W. Zhao ◽  
D. Wang ◽  
C. Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Residual Stress Field ◽  
Weld Region ◽  
Longitudinal Residual Stress ◽  
Transverse Weld

Welding is the primary joining process used in the construction and repair of railroad tank cars. Since recent federal regulations have emphasized the need for fatigue life analyses, and since most fatigue cracks and fractures in tank car structures are initiated in the vicinity of welds, there is a need to quantify the effect of tank car weld residual stresses on crack propagation and fracture. Thus, for the first time, the enclosed work reports neutron diffraction results for all six components of the three-dimensional residual stress field on a transverse weld cross section in a 5/8-in. (16.3-mm) thick, TC128-B steel widely used in the construction of pressurized railroad tank cars. Results for a nonheat- treated specimen indicate that (a) the residual effective stress ranges from 36 ksi (250 MPa) to 64 ksi (450 MPa) in the overmatched weld region, (b) the longitudinal residual stress approaches 120% of the uniaxial yield stress in the base material, and (c) the residual shear stresses are of the same order as the smaller principal residual stresses in the weld region.

Introduction to the Characterization of Residual Stress by Neutron Diffraction

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.T. Hutchings ◽  
P.J. Withers ◽  
T.M. Holden ◽  
Torben Lorentzen
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Neutron Diffraction

Residual Stresses Evaluation in Welds and Implications for Design for Pressure Vessel Applications

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. H. Price ◽  
Anna M. Pardowska ◽  
Raafat Ibrahim ◽  
Trevor R. Finlayson
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fatigue And Fracture ◽  
Single Bead ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Neutron Diffraction Technique

Welding residual stresses have important consequences on the performance of engineering components. High residual stresses may lead to loss of performance in corrosion, fatigue, and fracture but as yet these consequences are poorly quantified. The major cause of this is that residual stress often remains the single largest unknown in industrial damage situations since it is difficult to measure or estimate theoretically. One of the key issues in the study of residual stress is that the detail of the stress distribution on a small scale (in the order of millimeters) can be important. In this paper, the neutron diffraction technique is used which while it is a very expensive technique, is capable of nondestructively measuring residual stresses at this scale up to a depth of 35mm. The investigation reported compares the residual stress characteristics due to various restraints for a single bead and in fully restrained samples with different numbers of beads. This paper considers the results of the neutron diffraction studies in relation to fitness for purpose guidance and implication for pressure vessel design.

Residual stress characterization of steel TIG welds by neutron diffraction and by residual magnetic stray field mappings

2017 ◽  
Vol 426 ◽  
pp. 580-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Stegemann ◽  
Sandra Cabeza ◽  
Viktor Lyamkin ◽  
Giovanni Bruno ◽  
Andreas Pittner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Stray Field

Characterization of Welding-Induced Residual Stress Using Neutron Diffraction Technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Clyde Zondi ◽  
Andrew Venter ◽  
Deon Marais ◽  
Clinton Bemont
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Industrial Operations ◽  
Plant Equipment ◽  
Hoop Stresses ◽  
Neutron Diffraction Technique

Pressure vessels comprise critical plant equipment within industrial operations. The fact that the vessel operates under pressure, and may carry toxic, dangerous, or hazardous contents, necessitates that care is taken to ensure safety of humans operating it and the environment within which it operates. Residual stress developed during welding of pressure vessel structures can adversely affects fatigue life (mean stress effect) of such structure and lead to corrosion crack growth. The present study applies the neutron diffraction (ND) technique to formulate the stress field distribution of a nozzle-to-shell weld joint of a pressure vessel. A number of experiments are conducted using the submerged arc welding (SAW) process at various parametric combinations to develop a number of specimens with different stress profiles. It is shown that the hoop stresses close to the weld center line (WCL) are highly tensile and have values close to the yield strength of the material. The ideal parametric combination is also determined based on the results with lowest stresses. The results obtained in this study are congruent to the results of similar studies in the literature.

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