scholarly journals Changes in the lipogenic response to feeding of liver, white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue during the development of obesity in the gold-thioglucose-injected mouse

1989 ◽  
Vol 259 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
G J Cooney ◽  
M A Vanner ◽  
J L Nicks ◽  
P F Williams ◽  
I D Caterson
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Gold Thioglucose ◽  
Brown Adipose

Lipogenic response to feeding was measured in vivo in liver, epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) and interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT), during the development of obesity in gold-thioglucose (GTG)-injected mice. The fatty acid synthesis after a meal was higher in all tissues of GTG-treated mice on a total-tissue basis, but the magnitude of this increase varied, depending on the tissue and the time after the initiation of obesity. Lipogenesis in BAT from GTG mice was double that of control mice for the first 2 weeks, but subsequently decreased to near control values. In WAT, lipogenesis after feeding was highest 2-4 weeks after GTG injection, and in liver, lipid synthesis in fed obese mice was greatest at 7-12 weeks after the induction of obesity. The post-prandial insulin concentration was increased after 2 weeks of obesity, and serum glucose concentration was higher in fed obese mice after 4 weeks. These results indicate that increased lipogenesis in GTG-injected mice may be due to an increase in insulin concentration after feeding and that insulin resistance (assessed by lipogenic response to insulin release) is apparent in BAT before WAT and liver.

scholarly journals Developmental changes in fatty acid synthesis in interscapular brown adipose tissue of lean and genetically obese (ob/ob) mice

1983 ◽  
Vol 212 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
S W Mercer ◽  
P Trayhurn
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose

Fatty acid synthesis was measured in vivo with 3H2O in interscapular brown adipose tissue of lean and genetically obese (ob/ob) mice. At 26 days of age, before the development of hyperphagia, synthesis in brown adipose tissue was higher in the obese than in the lean mice; synthesis was also elevated in the liver, white adipose tissue and carcass of the obese mice. At 8 weeks of age, when hyperphagia was well established, synthesis remained elevated in all tissues of the obese mice, with the exception of brown adipose tissue. Elevated synthesis rates were not apparent in brown adipose tissue of the obese mice at 14 days of age, nor at 35 days of age. These results demonstrate that brown adipose tissue in ob/ob mice has a transitory hyperlipogenesis at, and just after, weaning on to a low-fat/high-carbohydrate diet. Once hyperphagia has developed, by week 5 of life, brown adipose tissue is the only major lipogenic tissue in the obese mice not to exhibit elevated rates of fatty acid synthesis; this suggests that insulin resistance develops much more rapidly in brown adipose tissue than in other lipogenic tissues of the ob/ob mouse.

Glucocorticoid deprivation alters in vivo glucose uptake by muscle and adipose tissues of GTG-obese mice

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (5) ◽  
pp. E927-E933
Author(s):  
S. C. Blair ◽  
I. D. Caterson ◽  
G. J. Cooney
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Production ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Gold Thioglucose ◽  
Brown Adipose

The effect of 1 wk of glucocorticoid deprivation by surgical adrenalectomy (ADX) on tissue 2-deoxy(-)[U-14C]glucose (2-DG) uptake and hepatic glucose production (HGP) was assessed in conscious, catheterized mice 5 wk after the induction of obesity with gold thioglucose (GTG). Despite the prevailing hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, glucose uptake by heart, quadriceps muscle, and interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) of GTG-obese mice was unchanged compared with controls, suggesting that the hyperglycemia of GTG-obese mice is able to compensate for the insulin resistance of these tissues. In contrast, epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) of GTG-obese mice showed increased glucose uptake with hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. ADX decreased the hyperglycemia and lowered the elevated glycogen content of the liver of GTG-obese mice. ADX reduced glucose uptake by heart and WAT of control and GTG-obese mice, consistent with the concomitant decrease in insulinemia. Glucose uptake by muscle of control and GTG-obese mice was not significantly decreased after ADX despite the decrease in insulin, and ADX increased glucose uptake by BAT of GTG-obese mice, suggesting increased sympathetically mediated thermogenesis in this tissue. HGP was increased in GTG-obese mice compared with controls, and ADX significantly reduced HGP in both GTG-obese and control mice. These results suggest that the improved glucose tolerance of ADX GTG-obese mice and ADX control mice is due to a decrease in HGP rather than an increase in peripheral glucose uptake.

Effect of adrenalectomy on glucose tolerance and lipid metabolism in gold-thioglucose obese mice

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (6) ◽  
pp. E993-E1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Blair ◽  
I. D. Caterson ◽  
G. J. Cooney
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Gold Thioglucose ◽  
Brown Adipose

The effect of adrenalectomy (ADX) on body weight, lipogenesis, and glucose tolerance was investigated in mice made obese by a single intraperitoneal injection of gold-thioglucose (GTG). Five weeks after ADX the weight of GTG-obese mice was significantly decreased (GTG-obese+sham-ADX: 39.8 +/- 0.8 g; GTG-obese+ADX: 27.6 +/- 1.1 g; P < 0.05). ADX also reduced serum glucose (GTG-obese+sham-ADX: 16.5 +/- 0.6 mmol/l; GTG-obese+ADX: 10.8 +/- 0.5 mmol/l; P < 0.05) and serum insulin concentrations (GTG-obese+sham-ADX: 197 +/- 36 microU/ml; GTG-obese+ADX: 38 +/- 7 microU/ml; P < 0.05) of fed GTG-obese mice and greatly improved glucose tolerance. ADX lowered liver glycogen content and reduced the fatty acid content of liver, epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT), and interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) of fed GTG-obese mice. Lipid synthesis in liver and WAT of GTG-obese mice was decreased by ADX, but lipogenesis in BAT was increased, possibly to provide substrate for increased thermogenesis in this tissue. Effects of ADX on metabolism were not confined to GTG-injected mice, as ADX also reduced body weight and altered the glucose tolerance of age-matched control mice. ADX increased lipid synthesis in liver, WAT, and BAT of fed control mice without an increase in lipid deposition, indicating that there was increased lipid turnover in these lipogenic tissues of ADX mice. ADX reduced the fasting blood glucose concentration of both control and GTG-obese mice to a level below that of sham-ADX control mice (sham-ADX control: 6.0 +/- 0.4 mM; ADX control: 2.9 +/- 0.5 mM; ADX GTG-obese: 3.3 +/- 0.2 mM).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effects of sucrose, caffeine, and cola beverages on obesity, cold resistance, and adipose tissue cellularity

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (4) ◽  
pp. R500-R507 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Bukowiecki ◽  
J. Lupien ◽  
N. Follea ◽  
L. Jahjah
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Resistance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Triglyceride Content

Rats consuming Coca-Cola and Purina chow ad libitum increased their total energy intake by 50% without excess weight gain. Their resistance to cold was markedly improved. These phenomena were characterized by significant increases in interscapular brown adipose tissue weight (IBAT) (91%), cellularity (59%), triglyceride content (52%), protein content (94%), and cytochrome oxidase activity (167%). In contrast, Coca-Cola consumption did not significantly affect the cellularity or triglyceride content of parametrial white adipose tissue (PWAT), although it slightly augmented PWAT weight. The effects of Coca-Cola on cold resistance, IBAT cellularity, and composition were entirely reproduced by sucrose, but not caffeine, consumption. Although caffeine also increased IBAT cellularity and composition, it significantly decreased the rate of body weight gain, PWAT weight, and adipocyte size. Moreover, it markedly inhibited adipocyte proliferation in PWAT thereby mimicking the effects of exercise training and food restriction (Bukowiecki et al., Am. J. Physiol. 239 (Endocrinol. Metab. 2): E422-E429, 1980). It is concluded a) that sucrose and Coca-Cola consumption improve the resistance of rats to cold, most probably by increasing brown adipose tissue cellularity, and b) that moderate caffeine intake might be useful for inhibiting proliferative activity in white adipose tissue, thereby preventing obesity.

Transient upregulation of IGF-I gene expression in brown adipose tissue of cold-exposed rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (3) ◽  
pp. E453-E460 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Duchamp ◽  
K. A. Burton ◽  
A. Geloen ◽  
M. J. Dauncey
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Igf I

The possible involvement of locally produced insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in the cold-induced hyperplasia of interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) was investigated in 2-, 4-, and 7-day cold-exposed (CE, 4 degrees C) rats by measuring BAT IGF-I expression at a time when extensive BAT cell proliferation occurs. By comparison with thermoneutral (25 degrees C) controls, plasma IGF-I decreased in CE rats despite an increased food intake, whereas BAT IGF-I peptide increased markedly to peak after 4 days at 4 degrees C. The ratio of class 1 to class 2 IGF-I mRNA was much higher in BAT than in liver. BAT IGF-I mRNA levels per unit weight total RNA doubled after 2 days at 4 degrees C but decreased thereafter to the level in controls. Upregulation of BAT IGF-I mRNA also occurred in CE rats with a food intake restricted to the level of controls. The transient cold-induced upregulation of BAT IGF-I (per unit weight total RNA) suggests that IGF-I plays a role in the early cold-induced BAT hyperplasia that occurs in vivo.

Sympathetic denervation impairs responses of brown adipose tissue to VMH stimulation

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (5) ◽  
pp. R1005-R1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Minokoshi ◽  
M. Saito ◽  
T. Shimazu
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Sympathetic Denervation ◽  
Nerve Supply ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Stimulation Of

Effects of unilateral surgical denervation of the interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) on its thermogenic and lipogenic responses to electrical stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) nucleus were studied in anesthetized rats. The rapid rise in IBAT temperature in response to VMH stimulation was greatly suppressed in the denervated IBAT, whereas the temperature response was not impaired in the contralateral innervated IBAT in the same animals. Similarly, the increased rates of conversion of [14C] glucose and [3H]H2O to fatty acids and glyceride glycerol in vivo in IBAT after VMH stimulation were almost completely inhibited by sympathetic denervation. These results indicate clearly that the increases in lipogenic and thermogenic activities in IBAT in response to VMH stimulation are mediated by the sympathetic nerve supply of this tissue.

scholarly journals Glucose utilization by interscapular brown adipose tissue in vivo during nutritional transitions in the rat

1991 ◽  
Vol 273 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Holness ◽  
Y L Liu ◽  
J S Beech ◽  
M C Sugden
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Overall Response ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Control Post

Glucose utilization indices (GUI) of interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) declined by 84% after 48 h starvation. Two-thirds of the overall response was observed within 6 h, correlating with decreased insulin concentrations. Re-feeding 48 h-starved rats restored insulin concentrations and evoked a rapid 15-fold increase in IBAT GUI. GUI values after re-feeding were markedly higher than those observed at equivalent insulin concentrations in control post-absorptive rats.

scholarly journals Evidence for a high fatty acid synthesis activity in interscapular brown adipose tissue of genetically obese Zucker rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 204 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Lavau ◽  
R Bazin ◽  
Z Karaoghlanian ◽  
C Guichard
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthetase ◽  
High Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose

Obese (fa/fa) rats (30 days old) exhibited a 50% increase in the weight of interscapular brown adipose tissue compared with their lean (Fa/fa) littermates. The tissue weight increase was accounted for by an increased fat content. Lipogenesis in vivo, as assessed by the incorporation of 3H from 3H2O into lipid, was increased 5-fold in brown adipose tissue of obese as compared with lean rats. Accordingly, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthetase, citrate-cleavage enzyme and malic enzyme in this tissue were 4-8 times more active in obese than in lean rats.

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