The Conjugated Estrogens. II. A New Method for Isolating Estriol Monoglucosiduronide from Normal Human Pregnancy Urine

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1245-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saul L. Cohen ◽  
Erkut Oran
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
New Method ◽  
Conjugated Estrogens ◽  
Human Pregnancy ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate Precipitate ◽  
Pregnancy Urine ◽  
Normal Human

Estriol glucosiduronide has been prepared from normal pregnancy urine both as sodium salt and as the free carbonyl forms by a new and simple five-step procedure: (i) precipitation by ammonium sulfate of the conjugated estrogens from the urine; (ii) preparation of a methanol–acetone (M–A) solution of the conjugated estrogens from the ammonium sulfate precipitate; (iii) filtration through columns of Sephadex G 25 of the combined M–A residues from large batches of urine, which yielded the starting material for the work presented in this paper, namely peak four of the six estrogen peaks thus obtained; (iv) the conversion to the carbonyl form by a "Kellie" extraction at pH 2.0–2.5; and (v) crystallization of the acid or of its sodium salt from the semi-crystalline residue.

THE EXCRETION OF »LABILE« OESTROGENS DURING HUMAN PREGNANCY

1971 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saul L. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
New Method ◽  
Human Pregnancy ◽  
Uncomplicated Pregnancy ◽  
Labile Fraction ◽  
Pregnancy Urine ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Recently a new method of assaying the »labile oestrogens« of pregnancy urine became available as the difference between the »ammonium sulphate total«, which measures the »total (stable + labile) oestrogens« of the urine, and a »modified Brown total«, which measures its »total stable« oestrogens content. The »labile oestrogen« fraction increases during normal (uncomplicated) pregnancy, from an average of 17 per cent at 20 weeks of pregnancy to 48 per cent of the »modified Brown« total at term, or from 15 to 33 per cent of the »ammonium sulphate total« for the same time periods. Since the ketolic oestrogens form an approximately constant 15 (14–16) per cent of the total oestrogens excreted during a normal pregnancy (Hobkirk & Nilsen 1962; Hobkirk et al. 1970), this increasing percentage of total »labile« oestrogens must therefore be due to an increase in non-ketolic labile oestrogen(s). This increase in the »labile« fraction is such that it tends to compensate for the decreasing per cent of »total« oestrogen yielded by the oestrone + oestradiol fractions of the urine with progressing pregnancy. Thus the oestrone + oestradiol plus the »labile« fractions tend to fall within the range of 30 to 35 per cent of the »ammonium sulphate total«; and the oestriol fractions excreted during a normal pregnancy tend to fall within the range of 65 to 70 per cent, but may occasionally reach levels of close to 50 per cent or greater than 80 per cent, of this »total«.

Ammonium Sulfate Precipitation of Conjugated Estrogens in Pregnancy Urine: Rapid Assay and Glucose Effects

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 824-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldine S Pinkus ◽  
Jack L Pinkus
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate Precipitation ◽  
Conjugated Estrogens ◽  
Rapid Assay ◽  
Pregnancy Urine ◽  
Urinary Estrogens ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Glucose Effects

Abstract Ammonium sulfate precipitation of total estrogens in pregnancy urine effectively removes many substances that interfere with estrogen assays. From systematic study of the precipitation technique we define optimum conditions for isolating free and conjugated estrogens. Solutions of the precipitated estrogens are directly analyzed. Glucose effects on these assays are negligible. Urinary estrogens are minimally exposed to acid or alkali before analysis by the Ittrich procedure, thus protecting the labile fraction that may be significant in complicated pregnancies

Biomarkers in Non-Complicated Pregnancy: Insights About Serum Myeloperoxidase and Ultrasensitive C-Reactive Protein

2018 ◽  
Vol 127 (09) ◽  
pp. 585-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle C. Kalva-Borato ◽  
Josilaine Tonin Ribas ◽  
Gisele Chibinski Parabocz ◽  
Luciana Maria Borba ◽  
Margarete Aparecida Salina Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Human Pregnancy ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Complicated Pregnancy

Abstract Introduction Pregnancy is characterized by increased innate immune response, with low-grade systemic inflammation. The specific role of MPO during normal pregnancy remains not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate plasma levels of MPO, hs-CRP, total leukocyte, absolute neutrophil and monocyte counts, in all trimesters of normal human pregnancy compared with non-pregnant controls. In addition, possible fluctuations of MPO according to different inflammatory conditions in the normal gestation were studied. Materials and methods Case-control study (n=84) developed with 63 normal pregnant women and 21 healthy non-pregnant women. Total leukocyte, absolute neutrophils and absolute monocytes count, hs-CRP and MPO were measured in non-pregnant women and normal human pregnancy. They were evaluated according to the 3 trimesters of pregnancy and systemic low grade inflammatory status, which was identified through increased hs-CRP levels. Results MPO levels in the normal pregnant women were not elevated in every 3 trimesters of pregnancy (P=0.456) or in systemic inflammation (P=0.446). The hs-CRP levels, total leukocyte, absolute neutrophil and monocyte counts are present in higher concentrations in normal pregnant women in relation to non-pregnant women. Conclusions The MPO did not show fluctuations in plasma levels during the 3 trimesters of gestation or in relation to different inflammation conditions. Considering MPO and hs-CRP levels are changed in high cardiovascular risk conditions and MPO levels (unlike hs-CRP) didn’t increase during non complicated pregnancy, MPO could be a better biomarker than hs-CRP to monitor these patients.

FREE AND CONJUGATED ESTROGENS IN BLOOD AND URINE BEFORE AND DURING PARTURITION IN NORMAL HUMAN PREGNANCY

1966 ◽  
Vol 51 (3_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S3-S31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olive Watkins Smith
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Kidney Tubule ◽  
Conjugated Estrogens ◽  
Human Pregnancy ◽  
Urinary Levels ◽  
Normal Human

ABSTRACT The concentrations of the free (F), glucosiduronate (G), sulfoglucosiduronate (S:G) and sulfate (S) forms of estriol (E3), estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) in the plasma and urine of 5 normally pregnant women have been measured before and during parturition. Of the total plasma E1 + E2 + E3, 25–80% was E3 with 15–60% of this accountable to G, 15–40% to S and 7–42% to S:G, these being the major forms of circulating E3. Five to 60% of the total was E1, with 50–90% of this accountable to S, the major circulating form of E1. Five to 15% of the total was E2 with 70–95% of this accountable to F, the major circulating form of E2. These wide ranges of distribution were due to marked changes in plasma concentrations which followed consistent patterns for each constituent before and during labor. Just before labor there was a decrease in the concentration of all of the major forms. During labor the amount of circulating E3-G and E3-S:G continued to decrease while E3-S, E1-S and E2-F increased. Plasma and urinary levels did not run parallel. Of the total urinary E1 + E2 + E3, 75–97% was E3 with 85–97% of this accountable to G and 2–13% to S:G + S; 2–21% of the total was E1 with 1.5–7.5% of this accountable to S; and 1–4% of the total was E2 with less than 2% of this accountable to F. Thus there was a considerably higher concentration of E3-G in the urine than in the plasma; and 90–98% of E1 and E2 were excreted as G, whereas only trace amounts of these 2 hormones circulated as G. Urine to plasma ratios indicated that the glucosiduronates of all estrogens were secreted by the kidney tubule while the sulfurylated and free forms were reabsorbed. Both renal mechanisms were accelerated before and during labor. They failed to fully explain the preparturition decreases in plasma concentrations.

COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON HYDROLYSIS OF CONJUGATED ESTROGENS IN HUMAN PREGNANCY URINE

Endocrinology ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD F. STRAW ◽  
PHILIP A. KATZMAN ◽  
EDWARD A. DOISY
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Conjugated Estrogens ◽  
Human Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Urine ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals T CD3+CD8+Lymphocytes Are More Susceptible for Apoptosis in the First Trimester of Normal Human Pregnancy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Darmochwal-Kolarz ◽  
Ewelina Sobczak ◽  
Piotr Pozarowski ◽  
Bogdan Kolarz ◽  
Jacek Rolinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Human Pregnancy ◽  
Flow Cytometric Method ◽  
Maternal Immune System ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Lower Ratio

Aims.Normal human pregnancy is a complex process of many immunoregulatory mechanisms which protect fetus from the activation of the maternal immune system. The aim of the study was to investigate the apoptosis of lymphocytes in peripheral blood of normal pregnant patients and healthy nonpregnant women.Methods.Sixty pregnant women and 17 nonpregnant women were included in the study. Lymphocytes were isolated and labeled with anti-CD3, anti-CD4, and anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies. Apoptosis was detected by CMXRos staining and analyzed using the flow cytometric method.Results.We found significantly higher apoptosis of total lymphocytes in peripheral blood of pregnant patients when compared to healthy nonpregnant women. The percentage of apoptotic T CD3+CD8+cells in the first trimester was significantly higher when compared to the third trimester of normal pregnancy. The ratio of T CD3+CD4+ : T CD3+CD8+apoptotic lymphocytes was significantly lower in the first trimester when compared to other trimesters of pregnancy and to both of the phases of the menstrual cycle.Conclusions.The higher apoptosis of T CD3+CD8+lymphocytes and the lower ratio of T CD3+CD4+ : T CD3+CD8+apoptotic cells in the first trimester of normal pregnancy may suggest a higher susceptibility of T CD3+CD8+cells for apoptosis as a protective mechanism at the early stage of pregnancy.

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