Selective Inhibition of Hemoglobin Formation in Chick Embryo Blood Islands by Chloramphenicol

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1242-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Wainwright ◽  
Lillian K. Wainwright ◽  
I. H. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Selective Inhibition ◽  
Somite Stage ◽  
Stage Of Development

Chloramphenicol markedly inhibited the formation of hemoglobin by chick blastodiscs explanted before the 8-somite stage of development onto minimal or egg homogenate medium. Sensitivity to inhibition of hemoglobin formation was reduced at the 8-somite stage. Chloramphenicol had no effect upon the incorporation of leucine into total protein, and only slightly inhibited the cycloheximide-resistant incorporation of leucine.

The origin and movement of nephrogenic cells in the chick embryo as determined by radioautographic mapping

Development ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-380
Author(s):  
Glenn C. Rosenquist
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lateral Plate ◽  
Intermediate Mesoderm ◽  
Somite Stage ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Stage Embryo ◽  
Area Pellucida

The origin of the presumptive nephrogenic cells in the epiblast of the chick embryo was traced by radioautographic analysis of the movements of tritiated thymidine-labelled grafts excised from medium-streak to 5-somite stage embryos and transplanted to epiblast, streak, and the endoderm-mesoderm layer of similarly staged recipient embryos. The nephrogenic cells originate near the area pellucida margin of the medium-streak-stage embryo, migrate toward the streak, and are invaginated about one-third to one-half the distance from the anterior to the posterior end of the streak, between the definitive-streak and I - to 4-somite stages. Their route into mesoderm is along a relatively narrow pathway between the cells migrating to the paraxial or presomite mesoderm on one side, and those destined for the proximal limbs of the lateral plate on the other. The cells which will form the anterior part of the intermediate mesoderm are the most medially placed cells in epiblast, reach the streak at an earlier stage of development, and are the first nephrogenic cells to migrate into mesoderm. After about the 17– to 19-somite stage, cells from this group which have formed the pronephric cord or duct begin to move posteriorly in relation to the rest of the intermediate mesoderm, toward the future cloaca. The last nephrogenic cells to leave epiblast and enter the streak and mesoderm are those destined for the posterior end of the intermediate mesoderm. This group of cells surrounds the posteriorly migrating pronephric (Wolffian) duct and differentiates into mesonephros.

scholarly journals Distribution of fibroblast surface antigen in the developing chick embryo.

1975 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Linder ◽  
A Vaheri ◽  
E Ruoslahti ◽  
J Wartiovaara
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Loose Connective Tissue ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
Liver Sinusoids ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Parenchymal Cells ◽  
Fibrillar Network

Fibroblast surface (SE) antigen is present in fibrillar surface structures of cultured normal fibroblasts, shed to the extracellular medium, and is also found in circulation (serum and plasma). Malignant fibroblasts (transformed by viruses) do not express SF antigen on the cell surface. In this study the in vivo differentiation and distribution of SF antigen has been investigated in the developing chick embryo using cryostat sections and immunofluorescence. The major findings were: (a) SF antigen was detectable in the loose connective tissue of very early (2-to 3-day old) embryos. (b) Condensation of SF antigen was seen in various boundary membranes such as the glomerular and tubular basement membranes of the kidney, the boundary membranes of the notochord, yolk sac, and vitelline membranes and liver sinusoids. (c) SF antigen was found to be cell-type specific. It was seen as a fibrillar network in the loose connective tissue of different organs but not in the parenchymal cells. It was not found in muscle cells at any stage of development. (d) The antigen was present in the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells of the kidney; but not found after their development into epithelial cells of the secretory tubules. (e) Both in vivo and in fibroblast cultures SF antigen was distributed as a fibrillar network. These data indicate that SF antigen is a "differentiation antigen" restricted to certain cells of mesenchymal origin and character, and that is accumulates in the connective tissue during embryogenesis.

scholarly journals Developmental changes in the type I procollagen processing pathway in chick-embryo cornea

1991 ◽  
Vol 276 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
S J Mellor ◽  
G L Atkins ◽  
D J S Hulmes
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Collagen Fibril ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Type I ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Type I Procollagen ◽  
Stage Of Development

Type I procollagen processing in chick-embryo corneas was studied at days 12, 14 and 17 of development. Pulse-chase experiments and electrophoretic analysis of salt-soluble extracts showed developmental changes in the processing pathway. A kinetic model was fitted to the data to determine rate constants for processing of both N- and C-propeptides. Data for pro alpha 1(I)-chain processing and pro alpha 2(I)-chain processing were fitted separately (where pro means procollagen). Between days 12 and 17 the relative flux through the pC-collagen (procollagen chain lacking the N-propeptide) and pN-collagen (procollagen chain lacking the C-propeptide) pathways increased approx. 4-fold. Pro alpha 1(I) chains and pro alpha 2(I) chains were processed by slightly different routes. Variations in the rate constants were compared with electron-microscopic measurements of collagen fibril diameters at each stage of development. Diameters increased by less than 10% over the period from 12 to 17 days. It was concluded that fibril diameters are relatively insensitive to the pathway of procollagen processing in the salt-soluble pool.

Changes in protein during development of Triturus embryos

Development ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-659
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Imoh ◽  
Tsutomu Minamidani
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Nuclear Protein ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Tail Bud ◽  
Stage Of Development

The present paper reports basic data on DNA content, protein content, and protein synthesis in Triturus pyrrhogaster embryos during development from cleavage to the hatching stage. Except for measurements of DNA and total protein contents, embryos were labeled with sodium carbonate-14C for 10 h and fractionated into embryonic cell components, i.e. cytoplasmic mass, yolk and pigment granules, and nuclei, in a discontinuous density gradient of sucrose. The protein content and the radioactivity incorporated into protein were measured in each fraction. Those fractions combining protein soluble in buffer at pH 8·3 and in 0·25 N-HCl were further studied with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the newt embryo, four stages of active DNA increase were observed when cultured at constant temperature; they were gastrula, neurula, late tail-bud, and before-hatching stages. Total protein per embryo decreased from 3 to 2 mg during the development studied. The content of cytoplasmic soluble protein per embryo was low and constant throughout development. Synthesis of the fraction was observed at the earliest stage of development studied though the rate was not high and specific activity of the soluble protein increased during development. Qualitative changes in the newly synthesized protein were observed. With the yolk fraction, synthesis of protein, other than from probable contamination with the cytoplasmic fraction, was not detected and a detailed description was omitted. Changes were observed at two stages of development in the synthesis of nuclear protein soluble in buffer at pH 8·3, the first at gastrulation and the second at late tail-bud stage. The change at gastrulation seemed to be the start of syntheses of the nuclear soluble proteins, while quantitative enhancement rather than qualitative change was noticed at late tail-bud stage. Most of the nuclear protein soluble in 0·25 N-HCI was histone. The histone content increased in accordance with increase in the DNA content and the rate of DNA accumulation was accompanied by proportionate incorporation of radioactivity into histone. Among histone fractions, unique behaviour of the very lysine-rich histone was observed. The availability of [14C]sodium carbonate in rough estimations of protein synthesis in embryos and significance of the data obtained have been discussed.

Effect of a Leucine Analogue on Incorporation of Glycine into the Proteins of Explanted Chick Embryos

Development ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-269
Author(s):  
Phyllis W. Schultz ◽  
Heinz Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Egg Extract ◽  
Amino Acid Analogues

Amino acid analogues have been observed to give rise to abnormal forms of development of chick and amphibian embryos (Herrmann, 1953; Rothfels, 1954; Waddington & Sirlin, 1954; Feldman & Waddington, 1955; Herrmann, Rothfels-Konigsberg, & Curry, 1955). Assuming that these disturbances may be due to interference with the utilization of amino acids for protein formation, we have attempted an analysis of this effect by comparison of the protein contents and of the uptake of glycine into the proteins of chick embryo explants in the presence and absence of amino acid analogues. The results of such experiments are reported in this paper. The chick embryos used for explanation, the explantation technique, and the determination of total protein glycine and of tracer glycine were essentially the same as described previously (Herrmann & Schultz, 1958). The embryos were explanted at the 11–13 somite stage on to the surface of an agar gel containing egg extract as nutrient medium following the procedure given by Spratt (1947) as modified by Rothfels (1954).

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL MENINGOCOCCUS INFECTION OF THE CHICK EMBRYO

1939 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 485-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. John Buddingh ◽  
Alice D. Polk
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Serial Passage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Stage Of Development

1. A strain of meningococci obtained directly from the spinal fluid of a patient has been propagated in serial passage in 10 to 12 day old chick embryos without change in its essential characteristics. 2. The chick embryo is susceptible to infection with the meningococcus, and, depending on its stage of development, reacts to the infection with more or less specific lesions. 3. In chick embryos of 15 days incubation, following the utilization of definite portals of entry, such as the nasopharynx, or by inoculation of the amniotic fluid or by inoculation of the body wall, the meningococcus is localized in specific areas, namely in the cranial sinuses, the lungs or meninges, or in all of these areas. 4. The lesions of the meningococcus infection in man, a septicemia, sinusitis, pneumonia and meningitis can be reproduced in the chick embryo by choosing embryos at the proper state of development and utilizing the various portals of entry experimentally available.

Der Einfluß von 4-Hydroxy-2.3-pentenal (HPE) auf die Vermehrung von Vaccinia-Virus in Hühnerfibroblastenkulturen / Influence of 4-Hydroxy-2,3-pentenale (HPE) on the Multiplication of Vaccinia-virus in Chick-embryo Fibroblast Cultures

1974 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Dostal ◽  
E. Schauenstein ◽  
P. Kulnigg ◽  
E. Schmeller
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Normal Cell ◽  
Thymidine Incorporation ◽  
Selective Inhibition ◽  
Virus Concentration ◽  
Chick Embryo Fibroblast ◽  
Fibroblast Cultures ◽  
Embryo Cultures

Abstract The influence of 4-hydroxy-2,3-/rans-pentenale (HPE) on multiplication of Vaccinia virus in chick fibroblast cultures has been investigated. The cytotoxicity of HPE has been estimated by in ­ corporation of [3H] thymidine, [3H] uridine, [3H] leucine and by morphological tests. The greatest influence of H PE was seen after incorporation of [3H] thymidine. Chick-embryo cultures infected with Vaccinia virus showed a marked increase of DNA synthesis in contrast to the controls. This increase averaged 180% after 16 to 14 hours. HPE 0.05-10_ 3 M caused a reduction of 72% in [3H] thymidine incorporation in virus infected cultures. At the same time virus concentration decreased by 76%. HPE 0.1-10~3 M, a concentration which inhibits the normal cell DNA synthesis by 50%, caused about 90% inhibition in infected cultures; virus m ulti­ plication was 99% inhibited. These findings have been attributed to a selective inhibition of virus DNA synthesis by HPE. and possible mechanisms are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document