The selective inhibition of mucopolysaccharide synthesis by vitamin a treatment of cultured chick embryo chondrocytes

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Solursh ◽  
Stephen Meier
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Selective Inhibition

scholarly journals Vitamin A economy of the developing chick embryo and of the freshly hatched chick

1973 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 757-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Joshi ◽  
S. N. Mathur ◽  
S. K. Murthy ◽  
J. Ganguly
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Embryonic Tissue ◽  
Retinyl Esters ◽  
High Concentrations

1. The changes in the net amounts of retinol, retinyl esters and retinal in both the developing chick embryo and the newly hatched chick were investigated. The embryo requires about 68nmol of the vitamin for its growth, whereas the baby chick requires about 108nmol during the first 7 days after hatching. 2. Retinal was present in the egg in fairly high concentrations at the beginning of the incubation but it virtually disappeared from the extra-embryonic tissue after day 17 of incubation. It was not found in the liver of the embryo or of the newly hatched chick up until day 7.

Der Einfluß von 4-Hydroxy-2.3-pentenal (HPE) auf die Vermehrung von Vaccinia-Virus in Hühnerfibroblastenkulturen / Influence of 4-Hydroxy-2,3-pentenale (HPE) on the Multiplication of Vaccinia-virus in Chick-embryo Fibroblast Cultures

1974 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Dostal ◽  
E. Schauenstein ◽  
P. Kulnigg ◽  
E. Schmeller
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Normal Cell ◽  
Thymidine Incorporation ◽  
Selective Inhibition ◽  
Virus Concentration ◽  
Chick Embryo Fibroblast ◽  
Fibroblast Cultures ◽  
Embryo Cultures

Abstract The influence of 4-hydroxy-2,3-/rans-pentenale (HPE) on multiplication of Vaccinia virus in chick fibroblast cultures has been investigated. The cytotoxicity of HPE has been estimated by in ­ corporation of [3H] thymidine, [3H] uridine, [3H] leucine and by morphological tests. The greatest influence of H PE was seen after incorporation of [3H] thymidine. Chick-embryo cultures infected with Vaccinia virus showed a marked increase of DNA synthesis in contrast to the controls. This increase averaged 180% after 16 to 14 hours. HPE 0.05-10_ 3 M caused a reduction of 72% in [3H] thymidine incorporation in virus infected cultures. At the same time virus concentration decreased by 76%. HPE 0.1-10~3 M, a concentration which inhibits the normal cell DNA synthesis by 50%, caused about 90% inhibition in infected cultures; virus m ulti­ plication was 99% inhibited. These findings have been attributed to a selective inhibition of virus DNA synthesis by HPE. and possible mechanisms are discussed.

scholarly journals The uptake and metabolism of retinol, retinoic acid and methyl retinoate by the early chick embryo

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 899-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Morgan ◽  
J. N. Thompson ◽  
G. A. J. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Radioactive Substance ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Early Chick Embryo ◽  
Uptake And Metabolism ◽  
Very High

1. Fertile eggs deficient in vitamin A were obtained by feeding hens a diet deficient in retinol (vitamin A alcohol) but containing methyl retinoate.2. Radioactive retinol was injected into the albumen of three of these eggs at a level of 2 μg [6,7-14C]retinol/egg. After 5 days' incubation, 4.6–8.3% of the injected material was recovered in the lipid of the embryo, representing a four- to nine-fold concentration into the embryo from the albumen. Approximately 40–50% of this was unchanged retinol, 15–20% retin-aldehyde and 20–30% probably a long-chain fatty acid retinyl ester. The early embryo can, therefore, metabolize vitamin A very effectively.3. [6,7-14C]Retinoic acid (2 μg) was injected into normal fertile eggs, killing most of the embryos. The eggs with dead embryos were analysed; 0.24% and 0.33% of the injected material was recovered from the embryos. Two embryos which developed contained 0.51% and 0.53% of the injected dose. In no instance was any material identified other than retinoic acid. The extremely low amounts of retinoic acid absorbed by the embryos emphasize the very high toxicity of retinoic acid to the early chick embryo.4. [6,7-14C]Methyl retinoate (0.5 μg) was injected into each of four normal eggs; 8.5–11.6% was isolated as unchanged methyl retinoate after 5 days; no other radioactive substance was detected.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF PAPAIN AND VITAMIN A ON CARTILAGE

1960 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 719-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honor B. Fell ◽  
Lewis Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Cartilage Matrix ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Hypervitaminosis A ◽  
Normal Medium ◽  
Fetal Mouse ◽  
Fetal Mice ◽  
Cartilage Cells

The effects of papain protease and of vitamin A on explanted limb bone rudiments from 7- and 13-day chick embryos and fetal mice have been studied and compared. The incubation of cartilaginous rudiments from 7-day chick embryos in a solution containing papain and cysteine resulted in complete loss of the metachromasia of the cartilage matrix within 1 hour; explants treated in this fashion recovered normal metachromatic staining properties when grown in normal medium for 4 days. The incubation of 7-day chick cartilage rudiments in a solution containing papain without cysteine resulted in partial loss of metachromasia from cartilage within 1 hour; the addition of vitamin A to the solution did not enhance the effect of papain during this period. The addition of papain to the culture medium in which 7-day chick embryo cartilage rudiments were grown resulted in uniform loss of the metachromasia of the cartilage matrix; similar explants grown in the presence of excess vitamin A also showed loss of the metachromasia of cartilage, but certain regions of the cartilage were affected earlier and more severely than others. Changes in cartilage cells, including loss of glycogen, occurred when the rudiment was grown in medium containing excess vitamin A, but not when it was grown in the presence of papain. Bone rudiments from 13-day chick embryos showed changes in cartilage similar to those seen in 7-day chick embryo rudiments when grown in the presence of papain or of excess vitamin A; the existing bone was not affected under these conditions. When grown in the presence of papain or excess vitamin A, the cartilage of late fetal mouse bone underwent changes similar to those already described in chick embryo rudiments. In contrast to the chick embryo rudiments, those from the fetal mouse showed rapid resorption of bone when grown in the presence of excess vitamin A. Papain had no effect on bone from either source. The changes seen in cartilage of explants grown in the presence of vitamin A and papain together were greater than those seen with either agent alone. The changes seen in fetal mouse bone grown in the presence of vitamin A were not enhanced by the additional presence of papain. On the basis of these observations, it is suggested that the changes in cartilage seen in experimental hypervitaminosis A may be the result of activation of a proteolytic enzyme or enzymes with properties similar to papain.

scholarly journals The Effect of Vitamin A Deficiency on Malposition of the Chick Embryo

1940 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 396-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.D. Polk ◽  
G.R. Sipe
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency
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