Comparison of the Transfer RNA Complements of Chick Embryos and their Supporting Membranes

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 1056-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Wainwright ◽  
Julia C. Thompson ◽  
J. F. Prchal ◽  
H. M. Tsay
Keyword(s):  
Minor Component ◽  
Transfer Rna ◽  
Quantitative Change ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Hemoglobin Synthesis ◽  
Distribution Of Components

The transfer RNA complement of 5- to 6-day chick embryos was compared with that of the associated membranes by chromatography of preparations of aminoacyl-tRNAs on columns of benzoylated diethyl-aminoethylcellulose. Profiles of all aminoacyl-tRNAs were determined under conditions selected for emphasis on the region containing a component believed to play a role in regulating onset of rapid hemoglobin synthesis in the blood islands of young blastodiscs. Differences in profile were observed only for alanyl- and glutamyl-tRNAs. A marked quantitative change in the distribution of components in the complement of glutamyl-tRNAs was in the converse direction of that required for increase in content of putative regulator and was not further investigated.Small reproducible differences in the profiles of alanyl-tRNAs were further investigated and were shown to be due to a marked increase in the content of a distinct minor component of the alanyl-tRNA complement of the membranes relative to that of the embryo.

Reticulocyte transfer RNA and hemoglobin synthesis

Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 190 (4214) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Rna ◽  
Hemoglobin Synthesis

Immediate response of the hemoglobin system of the goldfish, Carassius auratus, to temperature change

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1737-1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Houston ◽  
R. Rupert
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
System Complexity ◽  
Hemoglobin Synthesis ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Cycling Temperature

Goldfish acclimated to 3 and 23 °C were characterized by two- and three-component hemoglobin systems, respectively. After acclimation to a diurnally cycling temperature regime (~3 to ~23 °C), specimens sampled at ~23 °C and ~3 °C were identical in terms of hemoglobin system complexity with those held at equivalent constant temperatures. Abrupt transfer of fish acclimated at constant 23 °C to 3 °C, and vice versa, lead to appearance or disappearance of the minor component, G.1, within 3 h. In vitro cooling and warming of whole blood and hemolyzate samples indicated that hemoglobin system modification occurred under cell-free as well as cell-intact conditions. These observations suggest that previously observed quantitative variations in the hemoglobin systems of thermally acclimated teleosts may represent, in part at least, altered aggregation of preexisting subunits rather than de novo hemoglobin synthesis and raise the possibility that teleostean hemoglobin systems may possess a capacity for rapid, adaptative reorganization after environmental temperature variation.

Regulation of Hemoglobin Synthesis in the Blood Islands of Chick Blastodiscs. Tentative Identification of the Stimulatory Transfer RNA as a Minor Alanine-Specific Species

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1158-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Wainwright ◽  
Lillian K. Wainwright ◽  
H. M. Tsay
Keyword(s):  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Transfer Rna ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Adult Chicken ◽  
Tentative Identification ◽  
Hemoglobin Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid Mixtures ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
A Minor

Transfer RNA, isolated from adult chicken liver and from the membranes associated with the 5- to 6-day embryo, stimulated hemoglobin formation by de-embryonated chick blastodiscs explanted at the 5-somite stage onto medium containing a high concentration of actinomycin D. Preparations acylated specifically with alanine retained this biological activity when oxidized with periodate. The activity of preparations charged with amino acid mixtures lacking alanine was destroyed by periodate treatment.A minor species, representing less than 1% of the total, was largely resolved from the bulk of the alanine-specific tRNAs of chick liver by serial chromatography on benzoylated DEAE-cellulose. The isolated fraction contained the component which stimulated hemoglobin formation by blastodiscs explanted onto medium containing a high concentration of actinomycin.

REGULATION OF THE INITIATION OF HEMOGLOBIN SYNTHESIS IN THE BLOOD ISLAND CELLS OF CHICK EMBRYOS: I. QUALITATIVE STUDIES OF THE EFFECTS OF ACTINOMYCIN AND δ-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1543-1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Wainwright ◽  
Lillian K. Wainwright
Keyword(s):  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Primitive Streak ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Messenger Rnas ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Linear Rate ◽  
Hemoglobin Synthesis ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Somite Stage

Intact and de-embryonated blastodiscs of chick embryos from all stages of development between the definitive primitive streak and the 10-somite stage were incubated on simple solid synthetic media. On the basal medium, blastodiscs at all initial stages of development synthesized hemoglobin readily visible to the naked eye within 24 hours, incorporated leucine into protein at an approximately linear rate for 24 hours, and incorporated uridine into RNA at a roughly linear rate for at least 6 hours after a short lag.Blastodiscs taken before the 1-somite stage failed to synthesize any detectable hemoglobin on medium containing 2 μg/ml of actinomycin, whereas those token at later stages synthesized hemoglobin visible to the naked eye. This concentration of actinomycin totally inhibited the incorporation of uridine into high molecular weight RNA within 2–3 hours, but the incorporation of leucine into protein was not inhibited for 6–8 hours. The residual incorporation of uridine was entirely into the soluble RNA fraction.At 10 μg/ml, actinomycin markedly inhibited the synthesis of hemoglobin by blastodiscs taken at stages earlier than the 6-somite embryo, but did not markedly affect hemoglobin synthesis by the more advanced blastodiscs. This concentration of actinomycin caused only slightly greater inhibition of the incorporation of uridine into acid-precipitable material than the smaller concentration for all blastodiscs, and was not markedly more inhibitory for the incorporation of leucine into protein.The presence of δ-aminolevulinic acid overcame the inhibitions of synthesis of hemoglobin by actinomycin but did not prevent the inhibitions of incorporation of uridine into RNA and of leucine into protein.Regulation of the onset of rapid hemoglobin synthesis appears to be at the translation level, probably through the supply of δ-aminolevulinic acid. The latter is probably regulated through synthesis of RNAs formed at the head-fold stage. Messenger RNAs for globin synthesis are present at the stage of the definitive primitive streak.

Response : Reticulocyte Transfer RNA and Hemoglobin Synthesis

Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 193 (4251) ◽  
pp. 429-429
Author(s):  
David W. E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Rna ◽  
Hemoglobin Synthesis

scholarly journals Reticulocyte transfer RNA and hemoglobin synthesis

Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 193 (4251) ◽  
pp. 428-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Litt
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Rna ◽  
Hemoglobin Synthesis

scholarly journals ERYTHROPOIETIC CELL CULTURES FROM CHICK EMBRYOS

1972 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen K. Hagopian ◽  
Judith A. Lippke ◽  
Vernon M. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Hemoglobin Synthesis ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
Cell Series

Erythropoietic cell cultures from very early chick blastoderms survive for several days They show four to seven doublings of the erythroid cells and the appropriate morphological changes from proerythroblasts to mature erythrocytes Cell cycle times are the same as in ovo for the first day of culture, but slow down thereafter The hemoglobins of both the primitive and the definitive red cell series are produced. 5-Bromodeoxyuridine added to the cultures inhibits differentiation and hemoglobin synthesis, though not cell division, but quite soon the cells cease being sensitive The effect of the drug can be reversed by the addition of thymidine.

REGULATION OF THE INITIATION OF HEMOGLOBIN SYNTHESIS IN THE BLOOD ISLAND CELLS OF CHICK EMBRYOS: V. QUALITATIVE STUDIES OF THE EFFECTS OF PROFLAVINE

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1483-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Wainwright ◽  
Lillian K. Wainwright
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Hemoglobin Synthesis ◽  
Blood Island ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Eye Formation

Most blastodiscs explanted before the 1-somite stage of development onto medium containing 20 μg of proflavine/ml failed to form any detectable hemoglobin, whereas the majority explanted at later stages formed hemoglobin visible to the naked eye. Formation of hemoglobin by 2-somite blastodiscs was suppressed by proflavine at 50 μg/ml, but 6-somite blastodiscs formed visible quantities of hemoglobin. Incorporation of leucine into protein was inhibited by proflavine, and almost the same amount of inhibition was produced at both concentrations of inhibitor for all developmental stages examined.Net incorporation of uridine into acid-precipitable material was moderately inhibited by 20 μg of proflavine/ml, and almost totally suppressed by 50 μg of proflavine/ml. Only polynucleotides of low molecular weight accumulated in blastodiscs treated with either concentration of proflavine, but preformed stable RNA's were not degraded in the presence of inhibitor. Proflavine appeared to inhibit synthesis of, or cause degradation of, new RNA of high molecular weight at both concentrations. Accumulation of RNA of low molecular weight continued at a low proflavine concentration, but little additional RNA accumulated at a high proflavine concentration.

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