Law of physics 20th century scientists overlooked. VI. Cosmic-scale conservation of energy

The explanation of energy conservation on the cosmic scale requires an understanding of two sets of processes. (1) The set of processes by which electromagnetic energy, the energy of photons in the free state or in the confined state, is gained or is diminished. (2) The set of processes by which the vacuum, i.e., aether, is generated or is lost—processes by which it emerges/expands and by which it suffers contraction and vanishment. At the heart of the explanation is a straightforward definition of energy at the fundamental level: Any process in which there is a quantitative change in the units of aether (the discretized medium that permeates all space) constitutes, in and of itself, a manifestation of energy. The workings of the long-overlooked mechanism are revealed. Cosmic-scale energy conservation is maintained by balancing the relevant processes of two distinct realms—the physical and the subphysical. The physical realm achieves balance by means of a harmony between processes of photon energy gain and energy loss. The subphysical realm achieves balance through the harmony between aether emergence and aether consumption/vanishment. Needless to say, the implications for cosmology are profound.

The theory on thing's limits. Part 1: The norm of identifying truth

Things refer to the objects and phenomena in reality. Limits refer to the truths and the processes of approaching them. Then there is the principle of inertia, which is characterized by continuity, and a necessary condition for reasoning in reality. Therefore, things, limits and inertia are the three elements that constitute "The Theory on Thing's Limits". The truth must have absoluteness and immutability, does not exist in reality, and belongs to the category of metaphysics. The characteristic of the truths is that they cannot be proved by empirical methods, and can only be gradually approached by repeated practices. Based on this, this article has established the norm for identifying truth. It not only has achieved the unity of opposites of all knowledge, but can also according to have the characteristic of continuity on the change of objective things make bidirectional reasoning under the premise of mutual restrictions. From the quantitative change in the real space has gone deep into the qualitative change of ideal realm, it extends the philosophy of materialism to the category of metaphysics. As a result, the true nature of metaphysics has been restored. That is to say, it has neither divorced from practices, nor just observed objective things with a one-sided, isolated and static way of thought. The theory is applicable to all academic categories, and it is to provide an effective method for testing authoritative theories, clarifying chaos, and deriving new knowledge. Finally, according to the theory and norm therein, combining with the objective status quo, this article briefly has analyzed three examples and pointed out the crux of Einstein's special relativity.

Diagnostic significance of fat globules in blood in fulminant-type fat embolism syndrome

Detecting fat globules in blood in diagnosing fat embolism syndrome (FES) remains controversial. This case illustrated two life threatening episodes possibly due to FES, with a dramatic increases of fat globules in blood. Significance of quantitative change of fat in blood in diagnosing FES should be evaluated in the future.

The Effect of Acute Physical Exercise on NK-Cell Cytolytic Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Data on changes in natural killer cell cytolytic activity (NKCA) in response to acute physical exercise are contradictory. Objective The aim of this systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression is to (1) examine the effect of acute physical exercise on NKCA, (2) shed more light on the moderating factors, and (3) test the assumption of NKCA suppression subsequent to performing sports. Methods Two comparisons of NKCA were performed: (1) pre- versus post-exercise and (2) pre-exercise versus recovery. Data were acquired through a systematic search of MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and SportDiscus. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the effect of acute physical exercise was assessed including a passive control group and reporting NKCA prior to and immediately after the trial, and during the first 2 h of recovery. To better explain between-study heterogeneity, a moderator analysis was conducted. Results Pooled estimate from 12 studies reporting 18 effect sizes show that NKCA is largely elevated by acute physical exercise (Hedges’ g = 1.02, 95% CI 0.59–1.46, p < 0.01). Meta-regressions reveal that this effect is larger for endurance versus resistance exercise and increases with the intensity of exercise (both p < 0.01), whereas the blood material used in the assay (p = 0.71), and the quantitative change in NK-cell count (R2 = 0%, p = 0.55) do not play a significant role. Physical exercise does not affect the level of NKCA after the recovery period (g = 0.06, 95% CI − 0.37 to 0.50, p < 0.76). Conclusions This work provides solid evidence for elevated NKCA through performing sports which returns to baseline during the first 1–2 h of recovery, but not below the pre-exercise values providing counterevidence to the assumption of temporarily reduced NKCA. Remarkably, the functional change in NKCA exists independently from the quantitative change in NK-cell count. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020134257.

Methodology for Calculating the Rational Distance between Robotic Systems in Changing Conditions for Solving the Problems of Protecting Critical Facilities

The article discusses the method of calculating the rational distance between robotic complexes at the border of protection. The procedure, analytical model and algorithm for solving the scientific problem proposed in the methodology allow us to distinguish the moments of quantitative change in the functional capabilities of optical-electronic means of reconnaissance of robotic complexes under the influence of environmental factors and the violator, who further regulate the transition to solving the problem of adaptive group control of robotic complexes.

General Processes of Development

Parents hold beliefs not only about specific aspects of their children’s development (the focus of most of the remaining chapters) but also about the general processes through which such developments come about. So, too, do developmental psychologists. This chapter addresses the fit between what parents believe and what psychologists have concluded, concentrating especially on two issues. The nature–nurture issue concerns the interplay of biological and environmental factors in the determination of development, including beliefs about the relative importance of the two forces and about particular environmental contributors, including parents. The continuity–discontinuity issue concerns the extent to which psychological functioning is characterized by consistency or change. As applied to development, the question is whether developmental change is a matter of incremental, quantitative change or whether qualitative change also occurs. As applied to children’s competencies and characteristics, the question is whether children’s behavior and the rules that govern it are consistent or variable across different tasks and different contexts.