Variability in cell-specific and common histones of avian erythrocytes

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Neelin
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Avian Erythrocytes ◽  
Chicken Erythrocytes ◽  
Characteristic Component

Histones extracted with acid from duck, goose, turkey, pigeon, and gull erythrocyte nuclei contained a major component, electrophoretically homologous with the serine-rich histone of chicken erythrocytes. This characteristic component was lacking or adventitious in duck, goose, and turkey spleens and marrows (as well as chicken tissues), but prominent in erythrocytes from birds under various physiological conditions, in reticulocytes as well as mature erythrocytes, and in nuclei prepared under various circumstances of cytolysis.Other electrophoretic components of erythrocytes and tissues, some apparently tissue-specific, were more variable in occurrence. Electrophoretic zones corresponding to arginine-rich histones, which had previously been considered as specifically absent from chicken erythrocytes, were in fact especially refractory to acid extraction from red cell nuclei. Furthermore, variability in electrophoretic pattern of these zones was attributed in part to conformational changes, which were sensitive to β-mercaptoethanol and to urea.

THE METABOLISM OF THE ERYTHROCYTE: XI SYNTHESIS OF DIPHOSPHOPYRIDINE NUCLEOTIDE IN THE ERYTHROCYTE

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Malkin ◽  
O. F. Denstedt
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Fraction ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Chicken Erythrocytes ◽  
Rabbit Reticulocytes

DPN pyrophosphorylase activity has been demonstrated in chicken erythrocytes, but could not be found in rabbit reticulocytes nor in human or rabbit erythrocytes. In the erythrocyte of the chicken, the activity was confined to the particulate fraction, which consists mainly of cell nuclei. The implications of these findings with respect to the maturation of the erythrocyte and the metabolic interrelationship between the nucleus and the cytoplasm are discussed.

scholarly journals UPTAKE OF GLYCINE-N15 BY COMPONENTS OF CELL NUCLEI

1952 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie M. Daly ◽  
V. G. Allfrey ◽  
A. E. Mirsky
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Cytoplasmic Protein ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Residual Protein ◽  
Avian Erythrocytes ◽  
Mammalian Liver

1. The uptake of glycine-N15 by components of cell nuclei was studied. The nuclear components were derived both from tissues with high metabolic rates-mammalian liver, kidney, and pancreas-and from cells with relatively low rates of metabolism-avian erythrocytes and echinoderm sperm. N15 uptake by nuclear components of liver, kidney, and pancreas was far more rapid than by those of erythrocytes and sperm. 2. The nuclear components of liver, kidney, and pancreas for which measurements were made were DNA, histone, and residual protein of chromatin. Uptake into DNA was low, into histone higher, and into residual protein much higher still, being comparable with that into mixed cytoplasmic protein. 3. A comparison of the uptake of N15 by the chromosomal components, histone and DNA of liver, pancreas, and kidney showed that chromosomal "activity" varies in different cells and also in the same cell depending upon its over-all activity.

Sequestration and Possible Maturation of Reticulocytes in the Normal Spleen

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 400-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Song ◽  
A. C. Groom
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Ringer Solution ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Compartment ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Cellular Density ◽  
Cellular Volume ◽  
Normal Spleen ◽  
Red Pulp

The presence, in the feline spleen, of a slowly exchanging red cell 'compartment' ([Formula: see text] 54 min) has been demonstrated previously. These red cells adhere to reticulum cells and sinus walls in the red pulp and have been shown to be larger in cellular volume and lighter in cellular density than the rest. This suggested that they might be younger cells and we have reported briefly that they contain a high proportion of reticulocytes. Using supravital stains we have measured the percentage of reticulocytes in the outflow from isolated spleens of cats and dogs, perfused with oxygenated Ringer solution. Reticulocyte counts increased from 0.4% to 99% as the perfusion progressed. The results show that the slow compartment consists entirely of reticulocytes. The ratio of reticulocytes to rubricytes in the spleen was found to be 75:1. Therefore the reticulocytes were not produced in the spleen but were accumulated from the circulating blood. The total number of reticulocytes so stored is 1.2 × 1010 cells, equivalent to 1.5 times the daily production in the whole animal. From these data we conclude that reticulocytes released from the bone marrow under physiological conditions are sequestered and matured in the spleen.

scholarly journals Influence of Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC) on Allergenic Potential of Tree Nuts

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Vicente ◽  
Africa Sanchiz ◽  
Rosa Rodríguez-Pérez ◽  
Maria Pedrosa ◽  
Santiago Quirce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Allergenic Potential ◽  
Allergenic Proteins ◽  
Instant Controlled Pressure Drop ◽  
Suitable Technique

Pistachio and cashew contain allergenic proteins, which causes them to be removed from the diet of allergic people. Previous studies have demonstrated that food processing (thermal and non-thermal) can produce structural and/or conformational changes in proteins by altering their allergenic capacity. In this study, the influence of instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) on pistachio and cashew allergenic capacity has been studied. Western blot was carried out using IgG anti-11S and anti-2S and IgE antibodies from sera of patients sensitized to pistachio and cashew. DIC processing causes changes in the electrophoretic pattern, reducing the number and intensity of protein bands, as the pressure and temperature treatment increment, which results in a remarkable decrease in detection of potentially allergenic proteins. The harshest conditions of DIC (7 bar, 120 s) markedly reduce the immunodetection of allergenic proteins, not only by using IgG (anti 11S and anti 2S) but also when IgE sera from sensitized patients were used for Western blots. Such immunodetection is more affected in pistachio than in cashew nuts, but is not completely removed. Therefore, cashew proteins are possibly more resistant than pistachio proteins. According these findings, instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) can be considered a suitable technique in order to obtain hypoallergenic tree nut flour to be used in the food industry.

scholarly journals Normal and Variant Isoenzymes of Human Blood Cell Hexokinase and the Isoenzyme Patterns in Hemolytic Anemia

Blood ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
CIGDEM ALTAY ◽  
CHESTER A. ALPER ◽  
DAVID G. NATHAN
Keyword(s):  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Hexokinase Activity ◽  
Individual Bands ◽  
Agarose Electrophoresis ◽  
Human Blood Cell ◽  
Isoenzyme Patterns

Abstract Electrophoresis of red cell hexokinase in agarose electrophoresis revealed two major (1 and 2) and two minor (3 and 4) bands. Platelet and leukocyte hexokinase patterns differed from those of red cells. There was a strong band 1, but considerably faster bands termed 5, 6 and 7 were also observed which were sensitive to changes in glucose concentration. The presence of contaminating leukocytes can significantly alter the electrophoretic pattern of "red cell" hexokinase activity. Bands 2, 3 and 4 of red cells appeared to be synthesized independently of band 1 and absence of band 1 did not effect either red cell metabolism or survival. Absence of bands 2, 3 and 4 may be associated with hemolytic anemia, decreased erythrocyte hexokinase activity and decreased erythrocyte glycolysis. Young red cells had increased activity of all bands, particularly band 2. No influence of hemoglobin type on hexokinase patterns was observed, nor was there any selective influence of cell storage, medium glucose, or 2-mercaptoethanol on individual bands. None of the various isoenzyme patterns were associated with abnormal hexokinase kinetics.

Direct intracellular measurement of deoxygenated hemoglobin S solubility

Blood ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 883-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Fabry ◽  
Laurephile Desrosiers ◽  
Sandra M. Suzuka
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mouse ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Hemoglobin S ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Polymer Formation ◽  
Solution Studies ◽  
Deoxygenated Hemoglobin

Abstract The solubility of deoxygenated hemoglobin S (HbS), which is the concentration of fully deoxygenated HbS in equilibrium with polymer (CSAT), is a factor that determines in vivo polymer formation. However, measurement of CSAT is usually performed under conditions that are far from physiological. In solution studies of HbS by Benesch et al, it was demonstrated that p50, the point at which hemoglobin is half-saturated with oxygen, is proportional to the amount of polymer formed and that it may be used to measure CSAT. This method has been extended to measure CSAT in intact red cells by varying extracellular osmolarity, which, in turn, varies intracellular hemoglobin concentration. This method measures intracellular CSAT under physiological conditions with intact red cell contents and can be applied to human and transgenic mouse red cells. The principle is demonstrated by measuring p50 as a function of extracellular osmolarity for AA, SS, and AS red cells.

scholarly journals Active tissue-specific DNA demethylation conferred by somatic cell nuclei in stable heterokaryons

2007 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 4395-4400 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Zhang ◽  
J. H. Pomerantz ◽  
G. Sen ◽  
A. T. Palermo ◽  
H. M. Blau
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Dna Demethylation ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Tissue Specific

Measurement of red cell sickling: a method for studying the efficacy of antisickling drugs under physiological conditions

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 941-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tsuyoshi Ohnishi ◽  
Koji Hashimoto ◽  
Takashi Sato
Keyword(s):  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Optical Path ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Citrate Phosphate Dextrose ◽  
Citrate Phosphate

A method was developed to study sickling in vitro under physiological conditions using a small amount of blood (0.1 mL). The diluted blood suspension (2.1 mL) was placed in a flask and flushed with a gas mixture containing 5% CO2. In deoxygenation experiments, samples were withdrawn anaerobically into a microslide (optical path 0.1 mm) and red cell morphology was studied directly under a light microscope after both ends of the microslide were sealed. The blood suspension with a hematocrit value of 1% can be deoxygenated in less than 10 min, but it takes 30 min for the sickling of cells to reach a plateau. The degree of sickling increases with increasing osmolality of the medium, or with a decrease of the pH. With a citrate–phosphate–dextrose–adenine solution, sickle blood may be stored for this type of study for about 10 days at 4 °C. The blood may be stored for about 5 days with a noncitrate preservative. This method was found useful in examining the antisickling activity of various drugs.

scholarly journals Influence of Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC) on Allergenic Potential of Tree Nuts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Vicente ◽  
Africa Sanchiz ◽  
Rosa Rodriguez ◽  
Maria Pedrosa ◽  
Santiago Quirce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Tree Nuts ◽  
Allergenic Potential ◽  
Allergenic Proteins ◽  
Instant Controlled Pressure Drop ◽  
Suitable Technique

Pistachio and cashew contain allergenic proteins, which causes them to be removed from the diet of allergic people. Former evidences have demonstrated that food processing (thermal and non-thermal) can produce structural and/or conformational changes in proteins by altering their allergenic capacity. In this study, the influence of Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC) on the pistachio and cashew allergenic capacity has been studied. Western blot was carried out using IgG anti-11S and anti-2S and IgE antibodies from sera of patients sensitized to pistachio and cashew. DIC processing causes changes in the electrophoretic pattern, reducing the number and intensity of protein bands, as the pressure and temperature treatment increment what results in a remarkable decrease of detection of potentially allergenic proteins. The harshest conditions of DIC (7bar, 120s) markedly reduce the immunodetection of allergenic proteins, not only by using IgG (anti 11S and anti 2S) but also when IgE sera from sensitized patients were used for Western blots. Such immunodetection is more affected in pistachio than in cashew nuts, but it not completely removed. Therefore, cashew proteins are possibly more resistant than pistachio proteins. According these findings, Instant Controlled Pressure Drop (DIC) can be considered a suitable technique in order to obtain hypoallergenic tree nuts flour to be used in food industry.

Nanoscale Analysis of the Effect of Pathogenic Mutations on Polycystin-1

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Ma ◽  
Meixiang Xu ◽  
Andres F. Oberhauser
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
And Function

The activity of proteins and their complexes often involves the conversion of chemical energy (stored or supplied) into mechanical work through conformational changes. Mechanical forces are also crucial for the regulation of the structure and function of cells and tissues. Thus, the shape of eukaryotic cells is the result of cycles of mechano-sensing, mechano-transduction, and mechano-response. Recently developed single-molecule atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques can be used to manipulate single molecules, both in real time and under physiological conditions, and are ideally suited to directly quantify the forces involved in both intra- and intermolecular protein interactions. In combination with molecular biology and computer simulations, these techniques have been applied to characterize the unfolding and refolding reactions in a variety of proteins, such as titin (an elastic mechano-sensing protein found in muscle) and polycystin-1 (PC1, a mechanosensor found in the kidney).

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