Sequestration and Possible Maturation of Reticulocytes in the Normal Spleen

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 400-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Song ◽  
A. C. Groom
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Ringer Solution ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Compartment ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Cellular Density ◽  
Cellular Volume ◽  
Normal Spleen ◽  
Red Pulp

The presence, in the feline spleen, of a slowly exchanging red cell 'compartment' ([Formula: see text] 54 min) has been demonstrated previously. These red cells adhere to reticulum cells and sinus walls in the red pulp and have been shown to be larger in cellular volume and lighter in cellular density than the rest. This suggested that they might be younger cells and we have reported briefly that they contain a high proportion of reticulocytes. Using supravital stains we have measured the percentage of reticulocytes in the outflow from isolated spleens of cats and dogs, perfused with oxygenated Ringer solution. Reticulocyte counts increased from 0.4% to 99% as the perfusion progressed. The results show that the slow compartment consists entirely of reticulocytes. The ratio of reticulocytes to rubricytes in the spleen was found to be 75:1. Therefore the reticulocytes were not produced in the spleen but were accumulated from the circulating blood. The total number of reticulocytes so stored is 1.2 × 1010 cells, equivalent to 1.5 times the daily production in the whole animal. From these data we conclude that reticulocytes released from the bone marrow under physiological conditions are sequestered and matured in the spleen.

Release of red cells from the slowly-exchanging splenic pool after noradrenaline administration

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Geiger ◽  
S. H. Song ◽  
A. C. Groom
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Cell Concentration ◽  
Splenic Vein ◽  
Ringer Solution ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
Abnormal Cells ◽  
Noradrenaline Administration ◽  
Red Pulp

Isolated, denervated, cat spleens were perfused at constant flow with modified Ringer solution. Perfusion pressure, outflow rate, and outflow red cell concentration were measured against time. After splenic perfusion by 500 ml solution the cell washout curve became a single exponential function, indicating that only cells from the most slowly exchanging red cell compartment remained (these are immature and abnormal cells which adhere to the fine structures of the red pulp). Splenic contraction was induced by injection of 5 μg noradrenaline into the inflow after perfusion by 600 and 1000 ml of fluid, respectively; outflow cell concentration rose 17-fold before returning to baseline value and 32% of red cells in the spleen were expelled. The time course of changes in cell concentration was similar in shape but delayed with respect to that of outflow rate. The transit time of the cells from the site of release to the splenic vein must have exceeded 40 s, which is consistent only with release from the red pulp. Furthermore, at the peak of the cell concentration curve the mean reticulocyte count was 37.8%. Thus immature and abnormal red cells, which comprise the slowly-exchanging compartment, are indeed released from the spleen during contraction.

Washout kinetics of red cells and plasma from the spleen

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (6) ◽  
pp. 1665-1671 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Levesque ◽  
AC Groom
Keyword(s):  
Ringer Solution ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Compartment Analysis ◽  
Vascular Space ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Arterial Inflow ◽  
Fine Structures ◽  
Immature Cells ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Red Pulp

Radioiodinated (125I) serum albumin was injected inttravenously in cats and allowed to equilibrate in the circulation. Red cell and plasma washout from the isolated spleens were enrom the isolated spleens were then compared during perfusion with oxygenated Ringer solution, the respective concentrations in the outflow being measured by celloscope and scintillation counters. Washout kinetics yielded three exponential components for cells (perfusate volumes for 50% washout (V1/2) being 0.067, 4.70, and 97 ml/g spleen) but only two for plasm (V1/2, 0.14 and 2.40 ml/g). There is no plasma counterpart to the slowly released cells, i.e., they do not represent a separate vascular space. This is an accord with a previous view that these are immature cells, delayed through adherence to fine structures of the red pulp. Compartment analysis indicates that the plasma and two remaining cell components represent washout from two separate vascular spaces, containing 0.09 ml/g blood at arterial hematocrit 37% and 0.42 ml/g blood at hematocrit 75%, perfused by 0.9 and 0.1 of the arterial inflow respectively. Evidence suggests these spaces are i) blood vessels, and ii) red pulp.

Scanning Electron Microscopy of the Red Pulp of the Spleen

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 496-497
Author(s):  
Masayuki Miyoshi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Ringer Solution ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Sinus Wall ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Cytoplasmic Processes ◽  
Splenic Red Pulp ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Red Pulp

In spite of various attempts, conclusive evidence to explain blood passage in the splenic red pulp does not seem to have been presented. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations on the rabbit spleen, originally performed by us, revealed that the sinus was lined by a perforated lattice composed of longitudinally extended rod cells and transverse cytoplasmic processes, and that perforations in the lattice were continuous to the spaces among the stellate reticulum cells of the cord. In the present study the observation was extended to the dog and rat spleens, in which the cord is more developed than in the rabbit in order to clarify the possible differences in the fine structure of the sinus wall. An attempt was also made to examine the development and distribution of macrophage in the blood passage of the red pulp.Spleens were washed and fixed by perfusion with Ringer solution and then with buffered glutaraldehyde. Small tissue cubes were dehydrated with acetone, dried in air and heated with gold. Observations were made by a JEOL SEM Type-3. One air dried tissue cube was cut into small pieces and post fixed with buffered OsO4 for examination under the transmission electron microscope (TEM).

scholarly journals Determinants of Erythrocyte Size in Chronic Liver Disease

Blood ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS M. KILBRIDGE ◽  
PAUL HELLER
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Hepatic Cirrhosis ◽  
Alcoholic Cirrhosis ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Volumes

Abstract Serial determinations of red cell volumes were made with an electronic sizing device in 30 patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Variations in red cell volumes were correlated with other hematologic and clinical findings. The results of these studies suggest that volume macrocytosis in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis is either due to megaloblastosis of the bone marrow or to an accelerated influx of young red cells into the peripheral blood.

scholarly journals Flow cytometric method for the routine follow‐up of red cell populations after bone marrow transplantation

1997 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. M. Hendriks ◽  
A. J. M. De Man ◽  
Y. C. M. Van Berkel ◽  
S. Stienstra ◽  
T. De Witte
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Flow Cytometric Method ◽  
Flow Cytometric

Studies on bone marrow and red cell enzymes (cholinesterase and ATPase) in Indian kala-azar

1982 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamal Roy ◽  
Shibnath Ghatak ◽  
D. K. Ghosh ◽  
M. M. Rakhit
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
Red Cell Enzymes

PURE RED CELL APLASIA : A CASE REPORT

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-56
Author(s):  
G Srivani ◽  
D Roja Aishwarya ◽  
P. V. S. Kiran
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Failure ◽  
Bone Marrow Aspiration ◽  
Oral Prednisolone ◽  
Pure Red Cell Aplasia ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Aplasia ◽  
Normocytic Normochromic Anemia ◽  
Pure Cell ◽  
Normochromic Anemia

Pure cell aplasia is a rare bone marrow failure that affects erythroid lineage characterized by normocytic normochromic anemia with reticulocytopenia in the peripheral blood and absent or infrequent erythroblasts in the bone marrow. It can be congenital or acquired. Acquired can be primary when no cause is identied or secondary-due to underlying or associated pathology. Herein we report a case of a 28 year old female with Primary Acquired Pure Red cell aplasia. The patient presented with severe anemia (Hb-1.9gm%) and low reticulocyte count 0.1%. Bone marrow aspiration shows normocellular marrow with Decreased erythropoiesis with M:E ratio of 20:1..Patient was started on oral prednisolone and improvement was seen and the patient became transfusion independent.

Anemia: Production Defects Generally Associated with Marrow Aplasia or Replacement

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Berliner ◽  
John M Gansner
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Aplastic Anemia ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
Pure Red Cell Aplasia ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Normal Bone Marrow ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
Red Cell Aplasia

This review focuses on anemia resulting from production defects generally associated with marrow aplasia or replacement. The definition, epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, management, complications, and prognosis of the following production defects are discussed: Acquired aplastic anemia and acquired pure red cell aplasia. Figures depict a leukoerythroblastic blood smear, a biopsy comparing normal bone marrow and bone marrow showing almost complete aplasia, and a marrow smear. A table lists the causes of aplastic anemia. This review contains 3 figures; 1 table; 108 references.

pH environmental of red cells in the spleen

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (6) ◽  
pp. 1672-1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Levesque ◽  
AC Groom
Keyword(s):  
Splenic Tissue ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cat Spleen ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Red Pulp ◽  
Reduced Flow

Intrasplenic pH in vivo was deduced from measurements on blood drained from cat spleen during contraction with the inflow occluded. The pH of blood in the red pulp is normally 7.20, but stasis or reduced flow through the pulp causes pH to fall toward 6.8. The splenic pulp contains blood of high hematocrit. To evaluate the role of buffering by the red cells themselves, intrasplenic p/ in red cell-free spleens was, therefore, estimated atering and leaving the spleen during red cell washout. At inflow pH less than 6.8 the outflow pH was raised, at inflow pH = 6.8 there was no change, b,t at inflow pH greater than 6.8 the outflow pH was lowered. These results indicate that the pH environment of red cells in the spleen results indicate that the pH environment of red cells in the spleen results from the interplay of two separate factors: i) pH-determining elements of the splenic tissue that buffer at 6.8, and ii) buffering provided by red cells passing through the pulp.

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