MODE OF ACTION OF CHOLINE: I. FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF LIVER, SERUM, AND ADIPOSE TISSUE OF CHOLINE-DEFICIENT RATS

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Chalvardjian
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Pattern ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Triglyceride Fraction

Young albino rats were fed choline-deficient and choline-supplemented diets, fat-free and containing two different levels of fat (4%, 30%), for 2 weeks. The fatty acid pattern of the major lipid fractions of liver, serum, and adipose tissue was determined by thin-layer and gas–liquid chromatography. It was found that (a) no quantitative similarities in fatty acid pattern existed between hepatic triglycerides on the one hand and adipose tissue, serum triglycerides, and dietary fat on the other, but the fatty acid composition of hepatic triglycerides bore a closer resemblance to that of dietary fat when the latter was increased to 30%; (b) under the conditions of this experiment, the level of dietary fat had a more marked effect on altering the fatty acid composition of tissues, especially the triglyceride fraction, than the level of choline in the diet; and (c) a relative preponderance of 16-carbon fatty acids occurred in hepatic triglycerides of choline-deficient animals fed the fat-free and low-fat diets.

scholarly journals Effect of diet and rumen development on the composition of adipose tissue triglycerides of the calf

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Garton ◽  
W. R. H. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Pattern ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Development

1. Samples of subcutaneous (inguinal) and perinephric adipose tissue were obtained, at slaughter, from each of twenty male calves. Three were neonatal animals, three were 3 days old and two were fed on reconstituted milk to appetite until they weighed 100 kg. The other twelve calves were given milk until they reached 50 kg live weight; concentrates were then included in the diet until, at 60 kg live weight, six calves were slaughtered. The remaining six calves were raised to 100 kg on concentrates alone. The weight of the empty reticulo-rumen of each slaughtered calf was recorded.2. The component fatty acids of the adipose tissue triglycerides of the neonatal and 3-day-old calves were very similar; about 80% consisted of oleic acid (18:1) and palmitic acid (16:0) and the remainder comprised stearic acid (18:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1) and myristic acid (14:0), together with very small amounts of other acids which, in the glycerides of the 3-day-old calves, included some evidently of colostral origin. The perinephric glycerides of both these groups of calves were somewhat more unsaturated than were those of subcutaneous adipose tissue.3. The continued consumption of milk by the calves slaughtered at 60 kg live weight was reflected in the presence of enhanced proportions of 14:0, 18:2, 17:0 and 17:1 in the depot triglycerides and, in addition, very small amounts of branched-chain acids and trans 18:1 were detected. A similar fatty acid pattern was observed in the triglycerides of the calves which were given milk only until they were 100 kg live weight. In all these calves only limited growth of the rumen took place.4. By contrast, the calves which were raised on solid feed from 60 kg to 100 kg and in which rumen development had taken place had depot triglycerides whose fatty acid composition resembled that found in adult animals. Increased proportions of stearic acid accompanied by relatively large amounts of trans 18:1 were present, evidently as a result of the assimilation of the products of bacterial modification of dietary fatty acids in the rumen.5. Regardless of the age of the calves and the over-all fatty acid composition of their tissue triglycerides, the intramolecular disposition of the fatty acids was similar in that saturated components were present esterified mainly in positions 1 and 3, and unsaturated acids for the most part in position 2; the only major exception to this distribution pattern was in respect of trans 18:1 which, when present, was preferentially esterified to the primary alcoholic groups of the glycerol moiety as if it were a saturated acid.

scholarly journals Composition of human adipose tissue from deep and subcutaneous sites

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. D. BROOK
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography

1. Adipose tissue was obtained simultaneously from subcutaneous and deep sites in children undergoing elective surgery, and from different subcutaneous sites in adults. The lipid content and fatty acid composition were measured using gas-liquid chromatography and the number of cells counted after fixation in osmium tetroxide. The mean amount of lipid per cell was used as a measure of the size of the cells.2. Cells from deep sites in children were significantly smaller (P > 0.001) than those from subcutaneous sites in the same individual. Cells from different subcutaneous sites were of similar size.3. The fatty acid composition of the lipids was similar in tissue taken from the abdominal wall and from deep sites.4. The fatty acid composition of adipose tissue from the lower leg showed an increase in the monounsaturated fatty acids and a decrease in the saturated fatty acids compared with the fatty acid composition of tissue from other subcutaneous sites.

scholarly journals Site differences in the fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese women

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ph. G. Pittet ◽  
D. Halliday ◽  
P. E. Bateman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Obese Women

1. Adipose tissue samples were obtained by needle biopsy from three subcutaneous sites (thigh, abdomen and upper arm) in twenty-two obese women. The fatty acid composition was determined using gas-liquid chromatography and the results presented relate to eleven component fatty acids.2. The fatty acid composition of adipose tissue obtained from the arm and abdomen was remarkably similar, with the exception of the levels of lauric acid.3. The analyses showed that the majority of the saturated fatty acids were present in smaller proportions whilist the majority of unsaturated fatty acids were present in larger proportions in the thigh than in the two other sites. Highly significant inter-site differences were demonstrated for six of the major fatty acids and also for both the total amounts of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and their ratios.4. No marked differences in the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue from obese subjects were revealed during this study when compared with previously reported results obtained from ‘normal-weight’ subjects.

INFLUENCE OF DIETARY COPPER ON THE FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF ADIPOSE TISSUE LIPIDS AND ON THE LEVEL AND COMPOSITION OF PLASMA FREE FATTY ACIDS IN GROWING PIGS FED INDIVIDUALLY OR IN GROUPS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. MYRES ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Dietary Copper ◽  
Triglyceride Fraction ◽  
Tissue Lipids ◽  
Plasma Ffa

The influence of dietary copper on plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels and the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue lipids was investigated using 24 pigs, fed individually or in groups of six. Barley–fishmeal diets with and without 250 ppm supplemental copper were fed. There were no statistically significant effects on growth or carcass quality due to either dietary copper or method of feeding. There were significant increases (P < 0.001) in the copper content of the liver and kidney of the pigs fed diets containing supplemental copper. Dietary copper increased the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) (P < 0.01) in both the total lipid extract and the triglyceride fraction of the outer layer of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Similar but less marked trends were observed in the monoglyceride, diglyceride and FFA fractions. There were significant (P < 0.001) differences between fractions with the FFA fraction having the lowest proportion of the major saturated acids (16:0, 18:0) and the highest proportion of the unsaturated acids (18:1, 18:2). Group feeding increased the proportion of saturated fatty acids. Increases in the concentration of all plasma FFA were observed in the fasting state. Relative proportions of plasma FFA were also significantly different between the fed and fasted state. Females had a significantly higher concentration of FFA than castrated males. Main treatments were without consistent effects on plasma FFA composition or concentration.

The influence of type and level of dietary fat upon fatty acid composition in the adipose tissue of broiler chickens

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 772-772
Author(s):  
BILQUEES KHAN ◽  
SURESH PATEL ◽  
VICTOR NWOSU ◽  
ABID R. KARIM ◽  
DAVID J. MASLIN
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Broiler Chickens

The influence of dietary fat on the lipogenic activity and fatty acid composition of rat white adipose tissue

Lipids ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 338-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J. Nelson ◽  
Darshan S. Kelley ◽  
Perla C. Schmidt ◽  
Claire M. Serrato
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Lipogenic Activity
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