ABSORPTION OF INJECTED OXIMES

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2473-2478 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Duke ◽  
C. A. DeCandole
Keyword(s):  
Peak Concentration ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Intramuscular Route ◽  
Short Intervals ◽  
Injection Dose ◽  
Rate Of Absorption

Concentrations in the blood of rabbits of 1,1′-trimethylene bis (4-formylpyridinium bromide) dioxime (TMB4), of 2-formyl-1-methylpyridinium chloride oxime (PAM Cl), and of 2-formyl-1-methylpyridinium methanesulphonate oxime (P2S) were measured at short intervals during the period immediately following intravenous or intramuscular injection. Dose for dose the concentration in the blood of TMB4 was found to be at least twofold higher than the concentration of either of the others. The rate of absorption from an intramuscular injection was the same for all three oximes, the peak concentration being reached in approximately 9 minutes.Other experiments, in which P2S was injected by the intrapulmonary route, showed no advantage in this species as regards speed of absorption over the intramuscular route.

ABSORPTION OF INJECTED OXIMES

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 2473-2478
Author(s):  
E. E. Duke ◽  
C. A. DeCandole
Keyword(s):  
Peak Concentration ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Intramuscular Route ◽  
Short Intervals ◽  
Injection Dose ◽  
Rate Of Absorption

Concentrations in the blood of rabbits of 1,1′-trimethylene bis (4-formylpyridinium bromide) dioxime (TMB4), of 2-formyl-1-methylpyridinium chloride oxime (PAM Cl), and of 2-formyl-1-methylpyridinium methanesulphonate oxime (P2S) were measured at short intervals during the period immediately following intravenous or intramuscular injection. Dose for dose the concentration in the blood of TMB4 was found to be at least twofold higher than the concentration of either of the others. The rate of absorption from an intramuscular injection was the same for all three oximes, the peak concentration being reached in approximately 9 minutes.Other experiments, in which P2S was injected by the intrapulmonary route, showed no advantage in this species as regards speed of absorption over the intramuscular route.

Bioavailability of a Slow-Release Theophylline Capsule Given Twice Daily to Preschool Children With Chronic Asthma: Comparison With Liquid Theophylline

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
Jorge Sallent ◽  
Malcolm Hill ◽  
Arlene Stecenko ◽  
Michael McKenzie ◽  
Leslie Hendeles
Keyword(s):  
Peak Concentration ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Total Daily Dose ◽  
Morning Dose ◽  
Serum Theophylline ◽  
Evening Dose ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Large Fluctuations ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Release Product

The reliability of slow-release theophylline products in young children has been questioned. Therefore, we studied the bioavailability of a commonly prescribed slow-release theophylline formulation (Slo-Bid Gyrocaps), administered twice daily by sprinkling the beads on applesauce. Serial measurements of serum theophylline concentrations were obtained during steady state in eight children (ages 1.6 to 5 years) after receiving a reference liquid theophylline product every six hours and also while receiving the slow-release product every 12 hours. The morning dose of slow-release theophylline was given before the child had eaten, and the evening dose was given two hours after supper. The extent of absorption of the slow-release product was 98.3 ± 20.2% (mean ± SD) relative to the liquid reference. The serum concentration fluctuations, expressed as percentage of the measured trough, did not differ between the two products: 108 ± 59% v 129 ± 97% (P > .05) for reference and slow-release products, respectively. Three of the eight patients had unacceptably large fluctuations (> 100%) while receiving the slow-release regimen, and two of these three had unacceptable fluctuations while receiving the liquid reference. The rate of absorption was slower after the evening dose of slow-release product (postprandial), resulting in significantly smaller fluctuations, and lower peak concentrations. Time to peak concentration while receiving the slow-release regimen varied from two to four hours after the evening dose and from two to eight hours after the morning dose. However, the average difference between the peak concentration and the fourhour measurement after the morning dose was only 0.3 µg/mL (range 0 to 2.6 µg/mL). We conclude that Slo-Bid can achieve acceptably stable concentrations for about 60% of asthmatic children when administered every 12 hours. Those with persistent bronchodilator-responsive asthmatic symptoms associated with large fluctuations may benefit from the same total daily dose given in divided doses every eight hours.

scholarly journals ABSORPTION OF ARSENIC FOLLOWING INTRA-MUSCULAR INJECTIONS OF SALVARSAN AND NEOSALVARSAN

1913 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Homer F. Swift
Keyword(s):  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Intense Reaction ◽  
Intramuscular Injections ◽  
Rate Of Absorption

Intramuscular injection of salvarsan and neosalvarsan in rabbits always produces necrosis of the muscles. A much more intense reaction is produced by salvarsan than by neosalvarsan. The rate of absorption of arsenic following intramuscular injections of salvarsan is very slow, while following intramuscular injections of neosalvarsan between 75 and 85 per cent of the arsenic is absorbed during the first week. The subsequent absorption is quite slow.

Bioavailability of Temazepam: Comparison of Four 7.5-mg Capsules with a Single 30-mg Capsule

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 695-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Abolin ◽  
Dar-Shong Hwang ◽  
Frank Mazza
Keyword(s):  
Peak Concentration ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
The Mean

OBJECTIVE: To compare the bioavailability of four temazepam 7.5-mg capsules (Restoril, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals) with that of a single temazepam 30-mg capsule. DESIGN: Single-dose, open-label, two-period, crossover (replicated Latin square). SETTING: Domiciled environment for clinical testing. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-six healthy male volunteers aged 18–40 years; 25 completed the study. INTERVENTIONS: Subjects randomly received either four temazepam 7.5-mg capsules or one temazepam 30-mg capsule. Blood samples were drawn at various time points after each period (0-48 h), and analyzed for plasma concentration of temazepam. The washout period between doses was five days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Five parameters of both dosage forms were compared: (1) area under curve (AUC), (2) peak concentration (Cmax), (3) time to peak concentration (Tmax), (4) apparent rate constant for absorption, and (5) lag time for appearance of drug in plasma. Statistical procedures included ANOVA, power analysis, and confidence limits. RESULTS: The mean AUC for the four 7.5-mg capsules and one 30-mg capsule differed by less than 2 percent and the mean Cmax differed by less than 14 percent for the two dosage strengths; neither of these differences reached statistical significance (p>0.05). The 7.5-mg capsules reached peak plasma concentrations significantly faster than the 30-mg dosage form (mean Tmax 1.18 and 1.73 h, respectively; p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The two formulations of temazepam were bioequivalent with respect to the extent of bioavailability. Regarding the rate of absorption, however, the 7.5-mg capsules reached peak plasma concentrations significantly faster than the 30-mg dosage form.

Ergotamine in Plasma and CSF After i.m. and Rectal Administration to Humans

Cephalalgia ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Hovdal ◽  
Gaby B. Syversen ◽  
Joachim Rosenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Therapeutic Dose ◽  
Peak Concentration ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Rectal Administration ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Kinetics Of

An attempt was made to study the kinetics of penetration of ergotamine across the blood-bran barrier. A single therapeutic dose of ergotamine was given to 18 hospitalized patients; eight patients received 0.5 mg i.m., three patients 4 mg rectally, and seven patients 2 mg rectally. Plasma samples were drawn between 0.25 and 72 h and one CSF sample was taken from each patient between 0.5 and 6.5 h after administration. The ergotamine concentrations were measured using a RIA method. The 0.5 mg intramuscular injection showed the highest plasma levels of ergotamine, with a mean peak concentration of 1.27 ng/ml reached at 0.5 h. The 4 mg rectal administration resulted in mean plasma ergotamine levels of 0.44 ng/ml in the time interval of 0.75–2 h. The 2 mg ergotamine rectally resulted in mean plasma levels of 0.15–0.17 ng/ml 1–8 h after administration of ergotamine. Neither the plasma samples taken after 10 h nor the CSF samples had ergotamine concentrations above the detection limit of the RIA method (0.1 ng ergotamine/ml).

Artificial satellite orbit computations

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 363-371
Author(s):  
P. Sconzo
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Satellite ◽  
Satellite Orbit ◽  
Artificial Satellites ◽  
Orbital Elements ◽  
Differential Correction ◽  
Gravitational Effects ◽  
Short Intervals ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Introductory Discussion ◽  
Orbit Computation

In this paper an orbit computation program for artificial satellites is presented. This program is operational and it has already been used to compute the orbits of several satellites.After an introductory discussion on the subject of artificial satellite orbit computations, the features of this program are thoroughly explained. In order to achieve the representation of the orbital elements over short intervals of time a drag-free perturbation theory coupled with a differential correction procedure is used, while the long range behavior is obtained empirically. The empirical treatment of the non-gravitational effects upon the satellite motion seems to be very satisfactory. Numerical analysis procedures supporting this treatment and experience gained in using our program are also objects of discussion.

Rate of Absorption of Water from Stomach and Small Bowel of Human Beings

1954 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Scholer ◽  
Charles F. Code
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Rate Of Absorption

The Influence of Ascorbic Acid on Platelet Structure and Function

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 050-062
Author(s):  
Dale H Cowan ◽  
Richard C Graham ◽  
Patricia Shook ◽  
Ronda Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Open Channel ◽  
Channel System ◽  
Short Intervals ◽  
Platelet Survival ◽  
Artifactual Changes ◽  
Survival Studies ◽  
And Function ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Structure

SummaryTo determine the effect on platelet behavior of transient exposure of platelets to ascorbic acid, studies of platelet function and ultrastructure were done before exposure to ascorbic acid at pH 6.5, during exposure to pH 6.5, and after restoration of pH to pre-acidifìcation levels. The effect of ascorbic acid (A. A.) was compared to that of HCl and citric acid (C. A.). ADP- and collagen-induced aggregation of normal platelets were significantly impaired by both A. A. and C. A. but were less affected by HCl. The release of 14C-serotonin was significantly reduced by each agent. The ultra-structure of normal platelets brought to pH 6.5 by A.A. was normal. After neutralization, there was marked dilatation of the open channel system and loss of the disc shape. When platelets were brought to pH 6.5 by A. A., then neutralized, the aggregates which formed after stimulation by ADP or collagen were smaller than normal, the platelets were less closely approximated, and degranulation was less complete. The data show that exposure of platelets to ascorbic acid for short intervals impairs their function when measured after restoration of pH to levels compatible with maximal responses. Platelet survival studies using autologous platelets labelled with 51Cr in the presence or absence of ascorbic acid showed that the recovery of normal platelets was unaffected by ascorbic acid, whereas recovery of platelets from patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, idiopathic thrombocythemia, and alcohol-related thrombocytopenia was markedly reduced. The injury resulting from the use of ascorbic acid in preparing platelets for studies of platelet survival in patients with disorders affecting platelets may impair the recovery of the cells, resulting in artifactual changes in the survival studies.

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