STUDIES ON PLASMINOGEN: II. A COMPARISON OF THE ESTEROLYTIC, CASEINOLYTIC, AND FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITIES OF BOVINE AND HUMAN PLASMINOGEN

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1911-1919
Author(s):  
Edmond R. Cole ◽  
Edwin T. Mertz
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Similar Relationship ◽  
Single Straight Line ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Caseinolytic Activity ◽  
Esterolytic Activity ◽  
Human Plasminogen ◽  
Line Relationship

Preparations of bovine and human plasminogen which varied in purity and mode of preparation were activated and assayed for esterolytic, caseinolytic, and fibrinolytic activities. Variations in the ratio of attack of bovine plasmin on TAMe and casein were observed among the plasminogen preparations which represent different stages of purification. Two plasminogen products with different TAMe/casein ratios were separated from both bovine and human products with intermediate TAMe/casein ratios, by the use of phosphate buffer as a precipitant. Bovine plasminogen preparations extracted with acid, then subjected to alkali denaturation, were purified with respect to their caseinolytic activity, but the esterolytic activity remained the same or decreased, resulting in a decrease in the TAMe/casein ratio. Human plasminogen prepared from fraction III by this method showed as much as a fourfold decrease in the TAMe/casein ratio. The observed differences in activity of various plasminogen preparations towards the two substrates, TAMe and casein, may arise from the chemical treatment and manipulation that the proenzyme receives during purification. When the fibrinolytic activity was compared with the caseinolytic activity, a single straight-line relationship was obtained for both bovine and human plasminogen preparations. However, a similar relationship was not found between the fibrinolytic and esterolytic activities.

Kinetic Aspects of the Interaction of Blood-Clotting Enzymes

1967 ◽  
Vol 17 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 349-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C Hemker ◽  
T Siepel ◽  
R Altman ◽  
E. A Loeliger
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Similar Relationship ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Contact Activation ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Normal Plasma ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Line Relationship

SummaryIt is demonstrated that clotting time in a thrombotest experiment bears a linear relationship to the inverse of factor X concentration under conditions in which the ratio of factor X to the factors II and VII is equal to or smaller than the ratio in normal plasma.A similar relationship occurs with other thromboplastins as long as factor V and fibrinogen are present in excess, i. e. when the dilutions are made with BaSO4 absorbed plasma.Contact activation causes deviation from the observed straight-line relationship.

The Interaction Between Heparin and Plasmin on Amidolysis

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 1261-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukehiro Kohn ◽  
Shoki Sakurama ◽  
Tokiyo Morioka ◽  
Yoshito Ito ◽  
Taro Yasukouchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
Amidolytic Activity ◽  
Amidase Activity ◽  
Fixed Level ◽  
Caseinolytic Activity ◽  
Esterolytic Activity

SummaryThe effect of the interaction between heparin and plasmin not only on fibrinolytic, caseinolytic and esterolytic activities but also on amidolytic activity, since plasmin has amidolytic or amidase activity, was investigated.Following were the results obtained from these investigations:1. Heparin enhanced amidolytic activity of a fixed level of plasmin which was prepared by activating plasminogen with urokinase within the range from 2 to 64 units/ml of the final concentration of heparin2. Heparin also enhanced amidolytic activity of a fixed level of plasmin which was prepared by converting plasminogen with insolubilized urokinase.3. Heparin did not enhance or inhibit fibrinolytic, caseinolytic and esterolytic activities of a fixed level of plasmin which was prepared by activating plasminogen with urokinase, in the fibrinolytic activity within the range from 0.032 to 125 units/ml, in the caseinolytic activity within the range from 0.0125 to 100 units/ml, and in the esterolytic activity within the range from 0.016 to 128 units/ml, of the final concentration of heparin respectively.

Effects of Certain Phospholipids on Plasminogen Activation and Plasmin Activity

1962 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 016-026
Author(s):  
Claire Gerbeck ◽  
J. L Koppel ◽  
John H Olwin
Keyword(s):  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Phosphatidyl Inositol ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Plasminogen Activation ◽  
Plasmin Activity ◽  
Caseinolytic Activity ◽  
Human Plasminogen

SummaryCrude and partially purified phospholipid preparations have been studied for their effects on a) the activation of purified human plasminogen by streptokinase and b) the activity of plasmin resulting from such activation. Plasmin activity has been measured as BAMe esterase, caseinolytic, and fibrinolytic activities.Plasmin BAMe esterase activity was significantly enhanced by phosphatidyl inositol and phosphatidyl serine but only slightly by phosphatidyl ethanolamine. Preparations of asolectin and cephalin, although not having any effect on plasmin BAMe esterase activity per se, did appear to increase plasminogen activation by streptokinase. None of the above-mentioned effects was observed when plasmin caseinolytic activity was measured. The phospholipid preparation having the greatest effect on plasmin BAMe esterase activity, phosphatidyl inositol, also exhibited an effect on plasmin fibrinolytic activity. With both BAMe esterase and fibrinolytic activities the effects produced by the phospholipid materials were concentration dependent and, in the case of fibrinolytic activity, increased concentrations beyond the optimum level resulted in a gradual diminution in activity and eventual inhibition.

The Preparation and Evaluation of a Standardized Fibrin Plate for the Assessment of Fibrinolytic Activity

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 202-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Bishop ◽  
H Ekert ◽  
G Gilchrist ◽  
E Shanbrom ◽  
L Fekete
Keyword(s):  
Test Specimen ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Fibrin Clot ◽  
Fibrinolytic Enzyme ◽  
Agarose Gel ◽  
Fibrin Plate ◽  
Percent Concentration ◽  
Human Plasminogen ◽  
Preparation And Evaluation

SummaryA new fibrin plate technic for evaluating components of the fibrinolytic system has been developed. It provides quick, accurate, and easily interpreted results for the fibrinolytic profile. The standardized human plasminogen-free fibrin plates can be produced in bulk and stored for prolonged periods of time. A test specimen placed in a well punched in the buffered agarose gel diffuses into the agar and lyses the fibrin clot, forming a clear reaction zone. The zone diameter is directly proportional to the log of the percent concentration of available fibrinolytic enzyme in the specimen. The plates may be used to quantitate total plasminogen, and estimate available plasmin and active plasmin. A good correlation between results obtained using these fibrin plates and caseinolytic methods was found. Performance and interpretation of tests of fibrinolysis done on these new fibrin plates indicate that it may be the most sensitive technic available for clinical laboratory work.

A Method for Bromine Determination in Wool Fabric by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

1976 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 463-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. William Reuter ◽  
Geraldine E. Secor ◽  
Mendel Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Wool Fabric ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Bromine Concentration ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Line Relationship ◽  
Better Than

Bromine is measured in flame-resistant wool fabric by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry with a relative precision of 3 to 8% and relative accuracy of better than 10%. The method computes the bromine concentration from fluorescence measurements of the sample, and a thin film standard, and two measurements of attenuation by the sample. Deviations of 10 to 20% from a straight-line relationship of x-ray counts to bromine concentration are accounted for. X-ray fluorescence is generally useful for routine analyses of bromine in textiles and has advantages over wet chemical analysis.

THE EFFECT OF GLYCEROL MEDIUM ON THE ACTIVATION OF HUMAN PLASMINOGEN BY STREPTOKINASE AND ON THE ACTION OF THE ENZYME, PLASMIN

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1203-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis S. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Human Plasminogen ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Glycerol Medium

A 50% glycerol medium affected the activation of plasminogen by streptokinase (SK) and the activity of plasmin (formed by glycerol incubation) on p-toluene-sulphonyl-L-arginine methyl ester (TAMe) in the following ways:(1) TAMe interfered strongly with the activation of plasminogen by SK in a glycerol medium but not in a water medium under the same conditions.(2) SK inhibited the action of plasmin on TAMe in a glycerol medium, but in a water medium SK increased the rate of hydrolysis of TAMe, the extent of the increase depending upon pH.(3) Phosphate buffer inhibited the activation of plasminogen by SK in a glycerol medium but not in a water medium. In the glycerol medium a lag period in the formation of enzyme was found, particularly noted with a phosphate buffer, and the lag period increased with increasing concentration of the buffer.(4) Phosphate buffer inhibited the action of plasmin on TAMe in a glycerol medium but not in a water medium.Mechanisms of activation of plasminogen by SK are discussed. The data presented support the postulate that a reaction takes place between plasmin and SK to form an enzyme called "activator".

THE EFFECT OF GLYCEROL MEDIUM ON THE ACTIVATION OF HUMAN PLASMINOGEN BY STREPTOKINASE AND ON THE ACTION OF THE ENZYME, PLASMIN

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1203-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis S. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Human Plasminogen ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Glycerol Medium

A 50% glycerol medium affected the activation of plasminogen by streptokinase (SK) and the activity of plasmin (formed by glycerol incubation) on p-toluene-sulphonyl-L-arginine methyl ester (TAMe) in the following ways:(1) TAMe interfered strongly with the activation of plasminogen by SK in a glycerol medium but not in a water medium under the same conditions.(2) SK inhibited the action of plasmin on TAMe in a glycerol medium, but in a water medium SK increased the rate of hydrolysis of TAMe, the extent of the increase depending upon pH.(3) Phosphate buffer inhibited the activation of plasminogen by SK in a glycerol medium but not in a water medium. In the glycerol medium a lag period in the formation of enzyme was found, particularly noted with a phosphate buffer, and the lag period increased with increasing concentration of the buffer.(4) Phosphate buffer inhibited the action of plasmin on TAMe in a glycerol medium but not in a water medium.Mechanisms of activation of plasminogen by SK are discussed. The data presented support the postulate that a reaction takes place between plasmin and SK to form an enzyme called "activator".

scholarly journals Nonplasminogen-dependent protease in human plasma

Blood ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-613
Author(s):  
JA Marcum ◽  
DL Kline
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Contact Activation ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Salt Addition ◽  
Caseinolytic Activity ◽  
Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor

Abstract Equal volumes of plasma and 0.3 M K2HPO4, pH 7.4, were mixed, diluted 20-fold, and adjusted to pH 5.2. After incubation at 37 degrees C for 30 min, the euglobulin percipitate, redissolved in 0.1 M K2HPO4, pH 7.4, developed caseinolytic activity (0.05 CTA U/ml). Na2HPO4 or NaCl of similar ionic strength could replace K2HPO4. The pH optimum of the protease was 6.5, activity falling off sharply below pH 6.0 and above 7.4. The proteolytic activity was inhibited by diisopropylphosphofluoridate and by pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, but was not inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor. The activity was not due to plasmin, contact activation, or coagulation factors, since it was fully generated in plasminogen-depleted, factors XII, XI, VII deficient, and prekallikrein-deficient plasmas. Purified Cl-esterase was not caseinolytic in our system. Redissolved euglobulin precipitate prepared from normal plasma without salt addition could serve as starting material for the generation of caseinolytic activity, as could serum, indicating that the Hageman factor cofactor and thrombin are not required. The protease had no detectable procoagulant or fibrinolytic activity.

An Experimental Study of Linear Inclination

1974 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald H. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Angular Distortion ◽  
Perceptual Distortion ◽  
Single Straight Line ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Two Component

Two mechanisms have been proposed to account for perceptual distortion of angular subtension. The first implies that errors made when estimating sizes of angles should correspond to inaccuracies of estimating the inclinations of their two component lines. From the second it follows that the two types of judgement are unrelated. This paper considers which of these mechanisms accounts most consistently for apparent angular distortion. Two experiments are reported. In the first, four independent groups of subjects estimated the bearing of a single straight line presented in a series of inclinations throughout the entire circular range. Subjects themselves attempted to place the same line into specified inclinations in the second experiment. The results reveal errors in both tasks. An attempt is made to distinguish between the two proposed mechanisms by predicting angular distortions from those of corresponding linear inclinations. Possible reasons for failure of this prediction are discussed.

Effects of Prey Abundance on the Development of the Spider Agelenopsis potteri (Blackwall) (Araneae: Agelenidae)

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Prey Abundance ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Live Prey ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Line Relationship

AbstractAgelenopsis potteri (Blackwall) spiders that were reared from egg to adult on live prey (Aedes aegypti L.) supplied at different daily rates varied in the rate that they were able to capture prey, grow, and attain maturity. Mortality varied inversely with feeding rates, but some spiders matured at each feeding rate. All spiders matured in seven stages regardless of the rate of feeding. Both sexes were mature following the sixth moult. The rate of prey capture declined sharply in the adults. Males matured about four days sooner than females. A straight-line relationship exists between the rate at which prey were captured and the dry weights of the adult spiders. A straight-line relationship was also found between the numbers of prey captured per day and the daily development of the spider.

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