EVALUATION OF PROTEIN IN FOODS: VI. FURTHER FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PROTEIN EFFICIENCY RATIO OF FOODS

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 865-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Middleton ◽  
A. B. Morrison ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Rat Growth ◽  
Growth Assay ◽  
Valid Estimate

Diets containing two levels of protein (10 and 15%) and two levels of fat (10 and 20%) were tested in all possible combinations in a 4-week rat growth assay. Protein was supplied by casein or a mixture of plant proteins. The protein efficiency ratio (P.E.R.) for casein found with a diet containing 10% protein and 10% fat was slightly greater than that found with a diet containing 15% protein and 20% fat, approximating the levels found in the "average" Canadian diet. The value for plant protein was similar under both conditions. Efficiency of carcass protein synthesis was much greater in animals fed casein than in those fed plant protein. With both sources of protein, the efficiency of carcass protein synthesis was similar with diets containing 10% protein and 10% fat to those with 15% protein and 20% fat.In additional studies, no effect of Chlortetracycline or source of carbohydrate on P.E.R. of casein was observed.It was concluded that P.E.R. determinations carried out on a 10% protein diet furnish a valid estimate of the nutritive value of protein and have several practical advantages.

EVALUATION OF PROTEIN IN FOODS: VI. FURTHER FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PROTEIN EFFICIENCY RATIO OF FOODS

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 865-869
Author(s):  
E. J. Middleton ◽  
A. B. Morrison ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Rat Growth ◽  
Growth Assay ◽  
Valid Estimate

Diets containing two levels of protein (10 and 15%) and two levels of fat (10 and 20%) were tested in all possible combinations in a 4-week rat growth assay. Protein was supplied by casein or a mixture of plant proteins. The protein efficiency ratio (P.E.R.) for casein found with a diet containing 10% protein and 10% fat was slightly greater than that found with a diet containing 15% protein and 20% fat, approximating the levels found in the "average" Canadian diet. The value for plant protein was similar under both conditions. Efficiency of carcass protein synthesis was much greater in animals fed casein than in those fed plant protein. With both sources of protein, the efficiency of carcass protein synthesis was similar with diets containing 10% protein and 10% fat to those with 15% protein and 20% fat.In additional studies, no effect of Chlortetracycline or source of carbohydrate on P.E.R. of casein was observed.It was concluded that P.E.R. determinations carried out on a 10% protein diet furnish a valid estimate of the nutritive value of protein and have several practical advantages.

scholarly journals Protein Efficiency Ratio of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) and Lima Bean (Phaseolus lunatus): A Sprague-Dawley Rat Growth Assay

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raycha Lei Concess M. Rama ◽  
Jillean Camille Q. Fabi ◽  
Generose Christy M. Mateo ◽  
Jewel Amor C. Catubag ◽  
Lemuel L. Lozada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Growth Assay

Objective. This study has been conducted to determine the protein efficiency ratio (PER) of selected indigenous legumes, namely pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus), as alternative protein sources. Methods. Experimental diets (pigeon pea-based and lima bean-based) and control diet (casein-based) were formulated and standardized using proximate analysis to have 10% protein basal diet based on the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) guidelines. Diets were given to corresponding groups (2 experimental, 1 control) using 30 albino Sprague-Dawley weanling rats aged 21 days old, over a 28-day growth assay. Results. Results showed that the mean final weight and weight gain were significantly higher in rats fed with caseinbased diet (p<0.05 for both parameters) compared to those fed with pigeon pea-based diet and lima bean-based diet. The two experimental groups showed no significant difference between their mean final weights and weight changes (p=1, p>0.05). The PER of the casein (3.37 ± 2.71) is higher than that of the pigeon pea (1.87) and lima bean (1.32). These results can be attributed to the presence of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) in the seeds of pigeon pea and lima bean. Reduced protein intake (due to bitter taste), toxicity, and interference with protein digestibility (through interaction with digestive enzymes) imparted by these ANFs can explain the weight loss among the experimental groups and consequently the low PER. Heat treatment done in the study were not adequate to remove the ANFs. Conclusion. The study shows that pigeon pea and lima bean as protein sources alone are not as adequate and efficient in providing necessary protein requirements for weanling rats. Proper processing and treatment should be done to remove inhibitors of protein digestibility and quality.

scholarly journals Nutritive value of proteins of pearl millet of high-yielding varieties and hybrids

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K Goswami ◽  
K. P Sharma ◽  
K. L SEHGAL
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Reference Protein ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

1. Two high-yielding varieties and three hybrids of pearl millet were evaluated for their chemical composition and protein efficiency ratio (PER) for rats at a level of 6.38% dietary protein. PER values ranged from 0.94 to 1.21 and were significantly different.2. Tryptophan contents of the proteins were above the optimum level of the FAO reference protein. Lysine content was deficient in all the samples and was probably the limiting amino acid in the PER test.

Assessment of Rat Growth Methods for Estimating Protein Quality: Interlaboratory Study

1980 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Murray Mclaughlan ◽  
G Harvey Anderson ◽  
L Ross Hackler ◽  
Douglas C Hill ◽  
G Richard Jansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Interlaboratory Study ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Reference Protein ◽  
Rat Growth ◽  
Growth Methods ◽  
Net Protein

Abstract An interlaboratory study involving protein efficiency ratio (PER), net protein ratio (NPR), relative NPR (RNPR) and relative nitrogen utilization (RNU) was carried out. Six collaborators assayed 6 samples, including casein plus methionine which was used as a reference protein. Collaborators prepared their own diets and analyzed the diets for nitrogen. Test proteins were added at the 8% level (N × 6.25). PER values varied more than NPR values which varied more than either RNPR or RNU. RNU and RNPR produced almost identical values, but RNPR remains the official method of choice, because it is a well established method.

scholarly journals In Vivo Study of Nutritive Value of Oil Seeds from New Varieties of Sunflower, Safflower and Groundnut

IIOAB Letters ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish Ingale ◽  
S. K. Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Oil Seeds ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Rat Growth ◽  
New Varieties

The nutritive value of new varieties of oil seeds has been assessed in a series of feeding trial with 34 days old 18 white rats supported moderate rat growth (male albino). The nutritive values of five new varieties of oil seeds, viz sunflower ( Helianths annuus L.) variety LSF -11 and LSF-8 , safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) variety PBNS-12 and PBNS-40, and  groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)  variety JL-24 were determined and compared in terms of the total feed intake, faeces voided, feed utilization, percent of feed utilization, nitrogen intake, nitrogen voided, nitrogen utilization, percent of nitrogen utilization, protein efficiency ratio and feed efficiency ratio per rat per day were reported in ranged between 6.56 to 8.03, 1.20 to 1.48, 5.26 to 6.55, 80.15 to 82.70, 0.25 to 0.32, 0.02 to 0.028, 0.23 to 0.30, 90.75 to 92.89, (+)1.37 to  (+)1.51 and (+)0.35 to (+)0.37  percent respectively. These new varieties of oil seeds were found non-toxic for rats and supported moderate rat growth. 

scholarly journals The protein quality of meat meals as assayed with the rat and with Streptococcus zymogenes

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ferrando ◽  
Nicole Henry ◽  
P. Larvor
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Relative Nutritive Value

1. Seven samples of meat meal have been assayed with rats by the protein efficiency ratio (PER) test and with Streptococcus zymogenes by Ford's (1960) ‘relative nutritive value’ (RNV) test.2. A correlation coefficient of r = + 0·895 was obtained for the results from the two series of tests.

scholarly journals The relationship between nutritive value of dietary protein and activity of liver arginase and kidney transamidinase enzymes

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Kean
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Arginase Activity ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
The Relationship

1. The protein efficiency ratio of three protein sources was determined with rats by a depletion-repletion method. The sources were: a groundnut product, a methionine-supplemented groundnut product and lactalbumin.2. Livers obtained from the test animals were assayed for arginase activity, and kidneys for transamidinase activity (glycine amidinotransferase).3. The measurements indicated that there was an inverse relationship between arginase activity and the nutritive value of the dietary protein.4. Transamidinase activity was also influenced by nutritive value. Only the unsupplemented groundnut product, which had the lowest nutritive value, failed to produce a significant increase of transamidinase activity over basal levels.5. The findings are discussed from the standpoint of physiological function and needs. It is suggested that observed levels of arginase activity are not necessarily related to amounts of urea excreted; similarly, transamidinase activity may be well in excess of physiological requirements.

scholarly journals Anti-Hypertensive Effects of Peptides Derived from Rice Bran Protein

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3060
Author(s):  
Naohisa Shobako ◽  
Kousaku Ohinata
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Rice Bran Protein ◽  
Functional Peptides

Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for arteriosclerosis. Anti-hypertensive peptides derived from animal proteins, such as milk, eggs and fish, are well studied. Anti-hypertensive peptides have also been identified from plant proteins such as soybeans. Rice bran, a byproduct of white rice polishing, is rich in protein and its high protein efficiency ratio is well known. This review discusses the anti-hypertensive peptides identified from rice bran protein and their mechanisms. In addition, we describe protease-digested rice bran from which functional peptides have not been isolated.

scholarly journals The preparation of nutritious protein from wool

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. Shorland ◽  
Judith M. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Sodium Sulphide ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Tryptophan Content ◽  
Methionine Content

1. The nutritive value of solubilized wool protein prepared by dissolving finely ground wool in sodium sulphide-sodium sulphite solution followed by precipitation with 40 % acetic acid has been tested by incorporating it into protein-free diets containing the amounts of vitamins and minerals required by weanling rats.2. At the level of 10 % (w/w) of the diet, solubilized wool protein failed to support growth in weanling rats, but when the diet was fortified with histidine, methionine and lysine a protein efficiency ratio of up to 1.8 was obtained. The effect of the addition of lysine was marginal. Similar results were obtained with solubilized wool protein prepared from dyed wool suiting material.3. Apart from the methionine content, which varied from 0.49 to 0.66 g/100 g protein, the contents of the essential amino acids in the solubilized wool protein generally met the requirement of the FA0 (1957) provisional pattern, although in many of the preparations the levels of isoleucine and lysine were marginal. The tryptophan content was not determined. Supplementation of the solubilized wool protein with lysine to the level of 6–10 g/100 g protein slightly enhanced the nutritive value.

SUPPLEMENTATION OF A VEGETABLE PROTEIN MIXTURE

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 959-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Guggenheim ◽  
S. Szmelcman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Vegetable Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Soybean Flour ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Protein Mixture

The effect of supplementation with amino acids on the nutritive value of a vegetable protein mixture (VPM) was studied. The preparation consists of 47% autoclaved chick peas, 35% defatted sesame flour, and 18% heat-processed, low-fat soybean flour. Different parameters were studied and casein was used for comparison.The protein efficiency ratio (PER) of the VPM was slightly lower than that of casein. Supplementation with lysine, but not with methionine or tryptophan, increased the PER. Addition of threonine to a VPM diet supplemented with lysine had no marked effect on the PER whereas addition of methionine decreased it.Rats on the diet of VPM gained more weight and had a higher level of total serum protein, liver nitrogen, and RNA than rats on a diet containing the same amount of protein as casein. Addition of lysine to the VPM increased the levels of hemoglobin and serum albumin, and the albumin/globulin ratio of the serum.It is concluded that the nutritive value of the VPM compares favorably with that of casein and that supplementation with lysine raises its nutritive value for rats.

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