SUPPLEMENTATION OF A VEGETABLE PROTEIN MIXTURE

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 959-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Guggenheim ◽  
S. Szmelcman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Vegetable Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Soybean Flour ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Protein Mixture

The effect of supplementation with amino acids on the nutritive value of a vegetable protein mixture (VPM) was studied. The preparation consists of 47% autoclaved chick peas, 35% defatted sesame flour, and 18% heat-processed, low-fat soybean flour. Different parameters were studied and casein was used for comparison.The protein efficiency ratio (PER) of the VPM was slightly lower than that of casein. Supplementation with lysine, but not with methionine or tryptophan, increased the PER. Addition of threonine to a VPM diet supplemented with lysine had no marked effect on the PER whereas addition of methionine decreased it.Rats on the diet of VPM gained more weight and had a higher level of total serum protein, liver nitrogen, and RNA than rats on a diet containing the same amount of protein as casein. Addition of lysine to the VPM increased the levels of hemoglobin and serum albumin, and the albumin/globulin ratio of the serum.It is concluded that the nutritive value of the VPM compares favorably with that of casein and that supplementation with lysine raises its nutritive value for rats.

scholarly journals The preparation of nutritious protein from wool

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. Shorland ◽  
Judith M. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Sodium Sulphide ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Tryptophan Content ◽  
Methionine Content

1. The nutritive value of solubilized wool protein prepared by dissolving finely ground wool in sodium sulphide-sodium sulphite solution followed by precipitation with 40 % acetic acid has been tested by incorporating it into protein-free diets containing the amounts of vitamins and minerals required by weanling rats.2. At the level of 10 % (w/w) of the diet, solubilized wool protein failed to support growth in weanling rats, but when the diet was fortified with histidine, methionine and lysine a protein efficiency ratio of up to 1.8 was obtained. The effect of the addition of lysine was marginal. Similar results were obtained with solubilized wool protein prepared from dyed wool suiting material.3. Apart from the methionine content, which varied from 0.49 to 0.66 g/100 g protein, the contents of the essential amino acids in the solubilized wool protein generally met the requirement of the FA0 (1957) provisional pattern, although in many of the preparations the levels of isoleucine and lysine were marginal. The tryptophan content was not determined. Supplementation of the solubilized wool protein with lysine to the level of 6–10 g/100 g protein slightly enhanced the nutritive value.

Protein Efficiency Ratio: AACC/ASTM Collaborative Study

1984 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
L Ross Hackler ◽  
Clarence E Bodwell ◽  
Muriel L Happich ◽  
John G Phillips ◽  
Phillip H Derse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Vegetable Protein ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Peanut Flour ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Lean Beef ◽  
Textured Vegetable Protein

Abstract Eight laboratories (7 of the laboratories conducted animal experiments) participated in a collaborative study to standardize some of the methodology associated with animal bioassays for determining protein efficiency ratios and to suggest improvements which would reduce the variation among laboratories. One-, 2-, 3-, and 4-week protein efficiency ratios (PER) with 0-, 2-, or 4-day adaptation periods were obtained from each laboratory, respectively, for 6 protein sources: casein, lean beef, lactalbumin, textured vegetable protein, peanut flour, and wheat flour. Analyses were computed for PER and adjusted PER (APER). From the analysis of variance for PER and APER, significant (P < 0.05) effects were observed due to laboratories, adaptation length, protein sources, and/or interactions among these variables. In general, APER values show much less variation among laboratories than PER values. The reproducibility and repeatability variances were significantly (P < 0.05) greater for an assay length of 2 weeks than they were for 3- or 4-week assays. Two protein sources, casein and textured vegetable protein, were fed at both high (10%) and low (6%) levels of protein. Analysis of variance of PER values shows a significant (P < 0.05) laboratory by protein level by assay length interaction.

scholarly journals Nutritive value of proteins of pearl millet of high-yielding varieties and hybrids

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K Goswami ◽  
K. P Sharma ◽  
K. L SEHGAL
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Reference Protein ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

1. Two high-yielding varieties and three hybrids of pearl millet were evaluated for their chemical composition and protein efficiency ratio (PER) for rats at a level of 6.38% dietary protein. PER values ranged from 0.94 to 1.21 and were significantly different.2. Tryptophan contents of the proteins were above the optimum level of the FAO reference protein. Lysine content was deficient in all the samples and was probably the limiting amino acid in the PER test.

ALTERATIONS IN BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL TESTS IN PROGRESSIVE PROTEIN MALNUTRITION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 736-743
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
H. Peter Chase ◽  
Keith Hammond ◽  
Donough O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Malnutrition ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Protein Deprivation ◽  
Biochemical Tests

The effects of progressive protein deprivation have been studied in the monkey to determine which laboratory tests are affected early and which laboratory tests reflect the severity of protein deprivation. BUN levels and serum amylase activity were significantly reduced after 2 weeks, and hematocrit values after 4 weeks of protein deprivation. They continued to be decreased in poorly nourished animals thereafter, but did not reflect progressive protein deprivation. Total serum protein, albumin, and transferrin were affected later in the course of protein deprivation and appeared to reflect the severity of deprivation. Five of seven measured essential amino acids showed statistically significant reductions in serum concentrations after 8 weeks of low protein diet but did not show further diminution after 14 weeks. The ratio of nonessential to essential serum amino acids was also increased after 8 weeks of protein deprivation but was not further decreased after 14 weeks. Serum alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol levels were variable throughout the 20 weeks of deprivation and did not appear to be good screening tests for protein malnutrition.

scholarly journals The protein quality of meat meals as assayed with the rat and with Streptococcus zymogenes

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ferrando ◽  
Nicole Henry ◽  
P. Larvor
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Relative Nutritive Value

1. Seven samples of meat meal have been assayed with rats by the protein efficiency ratio (PER) test and with Streptococcus zymogenes by Ford's (1960) ‘relative nutritive value’ (RNV) test.2. A correlation coefficient of r = + 0·895 was obtained for the results from the two series of tests.

scholarly journals The relationship between nutritive value of dietary protein and activity of liver arginase and kidney transamidinase enzymes

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Kean
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Arginase Activity ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
The Relationship

1. The protein efficiency ratio of three protein sources was determined with rats by a depletion-repletion method. The sources were: a groundnut product, a methionine-supplemented groundnut product and lactalbumin.2. Livers obtained from the test animals were assayed for arginase activity, and kidneys for transamidinase activity (glycine amidinotransferase).3. The measurements indicated that there was an inverse relationship between arginase activity and the nutritive value of the dietary protein.4. Transamidinase activity was also influenced by nutritive value. Only the unsupplemented groundnut product, which had the lowest nutritive value, failed to produce a significant increase of transamidinase activity over basal levels.5. The findings are discussed from the standpoint of physiological function and needs. It is suggested that observed levels of arginase activity are not necessarily related to amounts of urea excreted; similarly, transamidinase activity may be well in excess of physiological requirements.

EVALUATION OF PROTEIN IN FOODS: VI. FURTHER FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PROTEIN EFFICIENCY RATIO OF FOODS

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 865-869
Author(s):  
E. J. Middleton ◽  
A. B. Morrison ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Rat Growth ◽  
Growth Assay ◽  
Valid Estimate

Diets containing two levels of protein (10 and 15%) and two levels of fat (10 and 20%) were tested in all possible combinations in a 4-week rat growth assay. Protein was supplied by casein or a mixture of plant proteins. The protein efficiency ratio (P.E.R.) for casein found with a diet containing 10% protein and 10% fat was slightly greater than that found with a diet containing 15% protein and 20% fat, approximating the levels found in the "average" Canadian diet. The value for plant protein was similar under both conditions. Efficiency of carcass protein synthesis was much greater in animals fed casein than in those fed plant protein. With both sources of protein, the efficiency of carcass protein synthesis was similar with diets containing 10% protein and 10% fat to those with 15% protein and 20% fat.In additional studies, no effect of Chlortetracycline or source of carbohydrate on P.E.R. of casein was observed.It was concluded that P.E.R. determinations carried out on a 10% protein diet furnish a valid estimate of the nutritive value of protein and have several practical advantages.

scholarly journals The winged bean (Psophocarpus palustris Desv.) in the treatment of kwashiorkor

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Černý ◽  
Hutton A. Addy
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Winged Bean ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Experimental Diet

1. A feeding trial with children suffering from kwashiorkor was conducted in which the winged bean (Psophocarpus palustris Desv.) was used as the major source of protein in the diet.2. Seventy-two children who had been admitted to hospital with moderate or severe kwashiorkor were included in the study. The experimental diet, prepared from a mixture of two parts of the winged beans and three parts of maize flour, enriched with a small amount of skim milk, was given to twelve children with moderate and twenty-four children with severe kwashiorkor. Equal numbers of children with similar clinical, somatometric and biochemical measurements received a control diet in which most of the protein was provided by skim milk. Both groups of children had a supplementary meal of ‘poto-poto’of negligible protein content, which supplied an extra 100–120 kJ per kg per d. The diets were introduced after the children had overcome the most acute phase of the illness during which a routine diet based on skim milk and calcium caseinate had been given. Both diets supplied 4 g protein and 435 kJ per kg body-weight and were given to the children, on the average, for 30 d.3. The experimental diet was well accepted and tolerated, and all children made good clinical progress. The rates of gain in weight were slightly less in the experimental groups than in the children who received the control diet. Although the differences were not statistically significant, they were more marked in children whose weights were between 61 and 75% of standard (classified as second degree kwashiorkor). With both diets, mean daily weight gains were significantly higher in children with severe kwashiorkor than in those with moderate kwashiorkor.4. The increase in total serum protein and the decrease in the amino acid ratio determined 2 weeks after admission were more marked in children given the control diet. At the end of the experimental period, however, the differences between the groups in these two measurements, as well as in values for haemoglobin concentration, protein fractions and the hydroxyproline index were no longer significant.5. The high nutritive value and the pleasant, sweet taste, even in the raw state, are the main advantages of the winged bean. These should outweigh the disadvantage that its skin is tough and more difficult to remove than that of the soya bean.

EVALUATION OF PROTEIN IN FOODS: VI. FURTHER FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PROTEIN EFFICIENCY RATIO OF FOODS

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 865-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Middleton ◽  
A. B. Morrison ◽  
J. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Rat Growth ◽  
Growth Assay ◽  
Valid Estimate

Diets containing two levels of protein (10 and 15%) and two levels of fat (10 and 20%) were tested in all possible combinations in a 4-week rat growth assay. Protein was supplied by casein or a mixture of plant proteins. The protein efficiency ratio (P.E.R.) for casein found with a diet containing 10% protein and 10% fat was slightly greater than that found with a diet containing 15% protein and 20% fat, approximating the levels found in the "average" Canadian diet. The value for plant protein was similar under both conditions. Efficiency of carcass protein synthesis was much greater in animals fed casein than in those fed plant protein. With both sources of protein, the efficiency of carcass protein synthesis was similar with diets containing 10% protein and 10% fat to those with 15% protein and 20% fat.In additional studies, no effect of Chlortetracycline or source of carbohydrate on P.E.R. of casein was observed.It was concluded that P.E.R. determinations carried out on a 10% protein diet furnish a valid estimate of the nutritive value of protein and have several practical advantages.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document