THE EFFECT OF PHENETHYLBIGUANIDE UPON THE METABOLISM OF THE ISOLATED RAT DIAPHRAGM

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 881-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Forbath ◽  
D. W. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Isolated Rat

Some of the effects of phenethylbiguanide (DBI) upon carbohydrate metabolism in the isolated rat diaphragm have been studied. The addition of this compound to an incubation medium stimulates the uptake of sugars, the breakdown of glycogen, and the output of lactic acid and inorganic phosphate. Free sugar does not accumulate in the diaphragm treated with DBI.

THE EFFECT OF PHENETHYLBIGUANIDE UPON THE METABOLISM OF THE ISOLATED RAT DIAPHRAGM

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 881-886
Author(s):  
N. Forbath ◽  
D. W. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Isolated Rat

Some of the effects of phenethylbiguanide (DBI) upon carbohydrate metabolism in the isolated rat diaphragm have been studied. The addition of this compound to an incubation medium stimulates the uptake of sugars, the breakdown of glycogen, and the output of lactic acid and inorganic phosphate. Free sugar does not accumulate in the diaphragm treated with DBI.

EFFECT OF VITAMIN E ON CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM OF RAT DIAPHRAGM

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 491-497
Author(s):  
Doris E. Gray ◽  
H. A. De Luca
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
Glycogen Formation

A study was made of the carbohydrate metabolism of diaphragm isolated from rats maintained on diets containing deficient, sufficient, or excessive quantities of vitamin E, respectively. No effect was observed on glycogen formation, glucose uptake, lactic acid accumulation, or oxygen consumption as a result of differences in vitamin E intake. The data suggested, however, that diaphragm from rats receiving a diet deficient in vitamin E may have a slightly decreased capacity to form pyruvic acid or else a slightly increased ability to utilize it. The addition of insulin to the incubation medium counteracted this effect of the vitamin lack.

EFFECT OF VITAMIN E ON CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM OF RAT DIAPHRAGM

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 491-497
Author(s):  
Doris E. Gray ◽  
H. A. De Luca
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
Glycogen Formation

A study was made of the carbohydrate metabolism of diaphragm isolated from rats maintained on diets containing deficient, sufficient, or excessive quantities of vitamin E, respectively. No effect was observed on glycogen formation, glucose uptake, lactic acid accumulation, or oxygen consumption as a result of differences in vitamin E intake. The data suggested, however, that diaphragm from rats receiving a diet deficient in vitamin E may have a slightly decreased capacity to form pyruvic acid or else a slightly increased ability to utilize it. The addition of insulin to the incubation medium counteracted this effect of the vitamin lack.

Serum factor in fasted rats inhibiting carbohydrate metabolism in the isolated diaphragm

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (5) ◽  
pp. 1075-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Berman ◽  
E. Wertheimer
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Serum Factor ◽  
Inhibitory Factors ◽  
Fasted Rats ◽  
Isolated Rat

A factor has been found in the serum of fasted rats which inhibits glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in the isolated rat diaphragm. It does not affect CO2 production or O2 uptake. It is nondialyzable, stable in the cold and also stable when heated to 58°C for 1 hour. It was found in Cohn fraction IV-V. Its action did not resemble any of the known hormones, nor could it be identified as one of the inhibitory factors found in diabetic serum.

THE EFFECT OF GROWTH HORMONE AND OF CORTISOL ON THE RESPONSE OF ISOLATED RAT DIAPHRAGM TO THE STIMULATING EFFECT OF INSULIN ON GLUCOSE UPTAKE AND ON INCORPORATION OF AMINO ACIDS INTO PROTEIN

1959 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. MANCHESTER ◽  
P. J. RANDLE ◽  
F. G. YOUNG
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Pituitary Growth Hormone ◽  
Isolated Rat ◽  
Stimulation Of

SUMMARY 1. The effect of hypophysectomy, or of adrenalectomy, and injection of pituitary growth hormone (GH) or of cortisol, on the uptake of glucose and the incorporation of glycine into protein by isolated rat diaphragm, and the effect of the addition of insulin in vitro on these processes, has been studied. 2. Both hypophysectomy and adrenalectomy raised the uptake of glucose by isolated diaphragm, while treatment of the intact or of the hypophysectomized rat with GH, or of the intact or of the adrenalectomized rat with cortisol, depressed it. Although hypophysectomy and adrenalectomy did not influence the additional glucose uptake induced by 200 mu./ml. of insulin in vitro, both these operations enhanced the effect of 0·1–1·0 mu./ml. of insulin on glucose uptake by diaphragm in vitro. Treatment of the rat with GH or cortisol diminished the rise in glucose uptake of diaphragm induced by 0·1–1·0 mu./ml. insulin. 3. Hypophysectomy depressed, and administration of GH to the intact or hypophysectomized rat raised, the incorporation of glycine into protein of the isolated diaphragm, but neither of these operations altered the magnitude of the stimulation of incorporation induced by 1·0 mu./ml. insulin. 4. Adrenalectomy raised, and administration of cortisol to the intact or adrenalectomized rat depressed, the incorporation of glycine into protein of the isolated diaphragm; adrenalectomy enhanced, the injection of cortisol diminished, the effect of 1·0 mu./ml. insulin on these processes. 5. The possibility that GH directs insulin towards the stimulation of protein synthesis, in part by restraining the action of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism, is discussed.

THE ADRENAL CORTEX AND EFFECTS OF ADRENALINE ON CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN THE ISOLATED RAT DIAPHRAGM

1963 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-100
Author(s):  
P. R. Bouman ◽  
W. Dermer
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Glycogen Metabolism ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Glycogen Deposition ◽  
Isolated Rat

ABSTRACT The in vitro effects of adrenaline on glycogen metabolism and glucose uptake were studied in diaphragms of intact, adrenalectomized and adrenodemedullated rats decapitated under »Nembutal« anaesthesia. Adrenalectomy and pretreatment of adrenalectomized rats with cortisol caused an increase in the net loss of glycogen induced by adrenaline. When glycogen deposition in the absence of adrenaline was also taken into account, the overall magnitude of the glycogenolytic response appeared to be unchanged. The apparent qualitative change in response induced by these procedures was attributed to increased initial glycogen values. In diaphragms of adrenalectomized and adrenodemedullated rats the response to adrenaline was identical, the initial glycogen content being the same in these preparations. None of the experimental procedures affected the variable inhibition of glucose uptake by adrenaline. These results do not favour the existence of a »permissive« or synergistic action of adrenocortical steroids with regard to the effects of adrenaline on peripheral carbohydrate metabolism.

EFFECTS OF ADRENALINE ON CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN THE ISOLATED DIAPHRAGM OF INTACT AND ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS AS INFLUENCED BY »NEMBUTAL« ANAESTHESIA

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXV (IV) ◽  
pp. 541-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Bouman ◽  
W. Dermer
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Glycogen Metabolism ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Simultaneous Inhibition ◽  
Glycogen Deposition ◽  
Isolated Rat ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

ABSTRACT Hemidiaphragms of intact and adrenalectomized rats which had been killed by decapitation, were incubated for 1 hour at 37° C under aerobic conditions. Glucose uptake and glycogen deposition were determined. Addition of adrenaline in vitro (1 μg/ml) caused a substantial decrease in glucose uptake in both types of diaphragms, this decrease being equivalent to a simultaneous inhibition of glycogen deposition. »Nembutal« anaesthesia prior to decapitation was found to alter the response to adrenaline. This change was most clearly observed in diaphragms of adrenalectomized rats. Here, adrenaline mainly affected glycogen metabolism by way of glycogen degradation, whereas the overall magnitude of the response was not materially changed. However, glucose uptake appeared to be only slightly decreased by adrenaline under these conditions. The change in response to adrenaline was attributed to the higher initial glycogen content observed in diaphragms of nembutalized rats. It was suggested that prevention of an acute release of endogenous adrenergic substances, occurring after decapitation of unanaesthetized donor rats, may be the actual cause of this phenomenon. Attention was drawn to the significance of the initial glycogen content as an important factor in carbohydrate metabolism of the isolated rat diaphragm.

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