Effect of pineal indoles on activities of the antioxidant defense enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase, and levels of reduced and oxidized glutathione in rat tissues

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Liu ◽  
T B Ng
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Pineal Indoles ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Enzymes ◽  
Reduced And Oxidized Glutathione

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Two of the groups received a single intraperitoneal injection of melatonin and 5-methoxytryptamine (5 mg/kg body weight), respectively, at 9 PM. One group received an intraperitoneal injection of 5-methoxytryptophol (5 mg/kg body weight) at 9 AM. The remaining group received alcoholic saline (vehicle) and served as the control. All rats were sacrificed 90 min after injection and the livers, kidneys, and brains were dissected. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase in the organs were measured. It was found that both melatonin and 5-methoxytryptamine were approximately equipotent in enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase in the kidney and liver, while 5-methoxytryptophol displayed a weaker effect. Both melatonin and 5-methoxytryptamine augmented the level of reduced glutathione in the kidney and liver, while 5-methoxytryptophol did so only in the kidney. All three pineal indoles increased the activity of superoxide dismutase and lowered the ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione in the brain.Key words: pineal indoles, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of Quercetin and α-Lipoic Acid on Aluminium Chloride Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sooad Saud Al-Otaibi ◽  
Maha Mohamad Arafah ◽  
Bechan Sharma ◽  
Abdullah Salih Alhomida ◽  
Nikhat Jamal Siddiqi
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Acetylcholine Esterase ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Protective Effects

Objectives. The present study was carried out to study the protective effects of quercetin and α-lipoic acid alone and in combination against aluminum chloride induced neurotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods. The study consisted of eight groups, namely, Group 1: control rats, Group 2: rats receiving aluminium chloride 7 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneal route (i.p) for two weeks, Group 3: rats receiving quercetin 50 mg/kg body weight i.p. for two weeks, Group 4: rats receiving quercetin 50 mg/kg body weight followed by aluminium chloride 7 mg/kg body weight i.p. for two weeks, Group 5: rats receiving α-lipoic acid 20 mg/kg body weight i.p. for two weeks, Group 6: rats receiving lipoic acid 20 mg/kg body weight followed by aluminium chloride 7 mg/kg body weight i.p. for two weeks, Group 7: rats receiving α-lipoic acid 20 mg/kg body weight and quercetin 50 mg/kg body weight i.p. for two weeks, and Group 8: rats receiving α-lipoic acid 20 mg/kg body weight and quercetin 50 mg/kg body weight followed by aluminium chloride 7 mg/kg body weight i.p. for two weeks. The animals were killed after 24 hours of the last dose by cervical dislocation. Results. Aluminium chloride treatment of rats resulted in significant increases in lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl levels, and acetylcholine esterase activity in the brain. This was accompanied with significant decreases in reduced glutathione, activities of the glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase. Pretreatment of AlCl3 exposed rats to either quercetin or α-lipoic acid also restored altered lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase to near normal levels. Quercetin or α-lipoic acid pretreatment of AlCl3 exposed rats improved the protein carbonyl and reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase, and acetylcholine esterase activities in rat brains towards normal levels. Combined pretreatment of AlCl3 exposed rats with quercetin and α-lipoic acid resulted in a tendency towards normalization of most of the parameters. Conclusions. Quercetin and α-lipoic acid complemented each other in protecting the rat brain against oxidative stress induced by aluminium chloride.

Dietary supplementation with magnesium citrate may improve pancreatic metabolic indices in an alloxan-induced diabetes rat model

10.5219/1375 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 836-846
Author(s):  
Olena Shatynska ◽  
Oleksandr Tokarskyy ◽  
Petro Lykhatskyi ◽  
Olha Yaremchuk ◽  
Iryna Bandas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Magnesium Supplementation ◽  
Metabolism Enzymes ◽  
Peroxidation Index

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the protective properties of dietary magnesium supplementation on pancreatic tissue of rats with alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus. Twenty-five male Wistar rats were split into five groups (control, diabetes, diabetes with 100 mg Mg daily, diabetes with 250 mg Mg daily, diabetes with 500 mg Mg daily) with feeding supplementation starting on day 1, diabetes induction on day 21, and animal sacrifice on day 30. Fasting glucose in blood serum was measured on days 21, 25, 27, and day 30. Glucose metabolism enzymes, namely, lactate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, were measured in pancreatic tissue upon the sacrifice, as well as lipid peroxidation, antioxidant system protective enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase), and glutathione system components (glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reduced). Pearson correlation coefficients showed strong negative correlation between serum glucose (control and diabetic animals) and glucose metabolism enzymes, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase in pancreatic tissue (r >-0.9, p <0.05), moderate negative correlation with reduced glutathione (r = -0.79, p <0.05), moderate positive correlation with lipid peroxidation index (r = +0.67, p <0.05), weak correlation with glutathione reductase (r = -0.57, p <0.05). Magnesium supplementation slowed down diabetes onset considering fasting glucose levels in rats (p <0.05), as well as partially restored investigated dehydrogenase levels in the pancreas of rats comparing to diabetes group (p <0.05). The lipid peroxidation index varied between treatments showing the dose-dependent influence of Mg2+. Magnesium supplementation partially restored catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in pancreatic tissue, as well as glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione levels (p <0.05), while glutathione reductase levels remained unaffected (p >0.05). The obtained results suggested a model, where magnesium ions may have a possible protective effect on pancreatic tissue against the negative influence of alloxan inside β cells of the pancreas.

scholarly journals The influence of chromium chloride consumption on peroxidation processes and activity of antioxidant defence in rat tissues

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-428
Author(s):  
R.Ya. Iskra ◽  
V.G. Yanovych
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Chromium Content ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Radical Process ◽  
Peroxidation Processes ◽  
Free Radical Process

The supplementation of a standart vivarium food with 200 mg/kg CrCl3×6H2O caused an increase in chromium content and a decrease in hydroperoxide and TBARS in most tissues examined. Also in all organs and tissues of rats the activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase incresed at action of chromium increased. In brain and kidneys the level of reduced glutathione increased. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly higher in heart and skeletal muscles of animals and equal in lungs and liver, and in other organs - brain, kidneys and spleen in animals of the studied group the enzyme activity was lower compared to animals of control group. These results demonstrate the regulatory influence of chromium on free radical process in rat tissues.

Effect of repeated oral administration of levofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and meloxicam on antioxidant parameters and lipid peroxidation in rabbits

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adil Mehraj Khan ◽  
Satyavan Rampal ◽  
Naresh Kumar Sood
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxidative Balance ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Elevated Lipid

The effect of 21 days of repeated oral administration of levofloxacin and enrofloxacin both alone and in combination with meloxicam, on the oxidative balance in blood was evaluated in rabbits. Rabbits were randomly allocated to six groups of four animals each. Control group was gavaged 5% dextrose and 2% benzyl alcohol. Three groups were exclusively gavaged meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg body weight o.d.), levofloxacin hemihydrate (10 mg/kg body weight b.i.d 12 h), and enrofloxacin (20 mg/kg body weight o.d.), respectively. Two other groups were co-gavaged meloxicam with levofloxacin hemihydrate and enrofloxacin, respectively. A reduction ( p < 0.05) of reduced glutathione levels was observed in groups treated with meloxicam both alone and in combination with levofloxacin, whereas an increase ( p < 0.01) in the levels of this antioxidant was observed in the groups treated with enrofloxacin. The activities of enzymes, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, were induced ( p < 0.05) in levofloxacin-alone treated group. Superoxide dismutase was also induced ( p < 0.05) in meloxicam-alone treated group and inhibited ( p < 0.05) in enrofloxacin-meloxicam co-treated group. The activity of catalase was non-significantly different between various groups. Enrofloxacin-treated groups had higher ( p < 0.01) lipid peroxidation than control and levofloxacin-alone treated groups. Elevated lipid peroxidation was also observed in the groups treated with meloxicam both alone and in combination with levofloxacin ( p < 0.05). In conclusion, these drugs have potential to induce oxidative imbalance, however, compared to levofloxacin, more oxidative damage is produced by enrofloxacin and meloxicam.

scholarly journals Antioxidant protection enzyme activity in the blood serum and large intestinal mucosa of rats with prolonged gastric hypochlorhydria and given multiprobiotics

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-444
Author(s):  
S. V. Pylypenko ◽  
A. A. Koval
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Colon Mucosa

The activity of antioxidant protection enzymes in the blood serum and colon mucosa in rats was studied under the conditions of 28-days administration of omeprazole on its own and omeprazole together with multiprobiotics "Symbiter" and "Apibact". Physiological and biochemical study methods were applied. It was found that after omeprazole administration, the activity of superoxide dismutase in the blood serum decreased, and the activity of catalase increased compared to the control. With the co-administration of omeprazole and multiprobiotics, the activity of superoxide dismutase increased compared to the group of rats that received omeprazole only during the same time, but remained less compared to the control group. The content of reduced glutathione in the blood serum of rats after administration of omeprazole decreased, the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase increased, and the activity of glutathione reductase decreased compared to the control. With co-administration of omeprazole and multiprobiotics, the serum RG content was at the control level, the activity of glutathione reductase exceeded the control values. The activity of glutathione reductase decreased compared to the group receiving omeprazole only. The activity of glutathione reductase increased and did not differ from the control values. In the colon mucosa, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity decreased compared to control. With the combined administration of omeprazole and multiprobiotics, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity increased and even exceeded the control values. With the administration of omeprazole, the reduced glutathione content in the colon mucosa was lower than that in the control. The activity of glutathione peroxidase increased and glutathione transferase and activity of glutathione reductase decreased compared to the control. With co-administration of omeprazole and multiprobiotics to rats, the reduced glutathione content increased compared to the group of rats administered omeprazole only, and even exceeded that in the control.

Effect of salt stress on antioxidant defence system in soybean root nodules

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
María E. Comba ◽  
María P. Benavides ◽  
María L. Tomaro
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System

The antioxidant defence systems of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) nodules responded differently to 50 and 200 mM NaCl. At 50 mM NaCl, leghaemoglobin content and nitrogenase activity remained unaltered but there was an overall increase in the antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase) and in reduced glutathione. After returning the salinised nodules to a non-saline environment (recovery), the enzymatic activities returned to the initial values but reduced glutathione remained high with respect to the controls measured at the end of the experiment (final controls). Severe salt treatment reduced the leghaemoglobin content and nitrogenase activity by 31% and 50%, respectively. Ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and glutathione reductase activities decreased between 30 and 100% while superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione increased over the controls by 19% and 30% respectively. After recovery, glutathione reductase increased over the final controls and reduced glutathione remained as under 50 mM NaCl. Malondialdehyde content and total protein remained unchanged in nodules treated with the two salt concentrations. These results suggest that under mild saline stress, the elevated levels of the antioxidant enzymes and reduced glutathione protect nodules against the activated oxygen species thus avoiding lipid and protein peroxidation, and leghaemoglobin breakdown. However, severe saline treatment produced an irreversible decay in the leghaemoglobin content and nitrogenase activity despite the high reduced glutathione level and glutathione reductase activity.

scholarly journals In vivo antioxidant activity of Ethanolic extract from root of Smilax zeylanica on Aluminium Chloride Induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6-s) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
B. Sabari Senthil ◽  
V.K. Kalaichelvan ◽  
A. Kottai Muthu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Control Group

Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate the Evaluation of In vivo antioxidant activity of Ethanolic extract of root of Smilax zeylanica(EESZ) on Aluminium Chloride Induced apoptosis suppressing oxidative stress  in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: The ethanolic extract from the roots of S. china by hot continuous percolation method. The rats were divided into 5 groups and each group consists of 6 animals. Rats were treated with EESC for 150 and 300 mg/ kg of body weight and piracetam, 0.5 mg/ kg of body weight for 14 successive days after inducing oxidative stress  with aluminium chloride (100 mg/ kg of body weight) for 60 days. The lipid peroxidation level (TBARS) and antioxidant activities like Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and reduced Glutathione (GSH) were estimated in rats. Results: AlCl3 induced rats showed increased the TBARS and decreased the antioxidant enzymes like Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and reduced Glutathione (GSH) when compared with the control group. The EESZ at higher dose 300 mg/ kg of body weight animals were significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the TBARS and increased the anti oxidant enzymes Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and reduced Glutathione (GSH) when compared with the AlCl3 treated group Conclusion: Findings of the present study revealed that Ethanolic extract from roots of Smilax zeylanica  may be used as a significant source of natural antioxidant, which might be helpful in preventing the progress of various oxidative stresses.                    Keywords: S. zeylanica, antioxidant, ethanolic extract, TBARS, rats.

scholarly journals The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in erythrocytes of rats with experimental neoplastic disease.

1996 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Batko ◽  
T Warchoł ◽  
H Karoń
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
The Other ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Neoplastic Disease ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Morris Hepatoma

In erythrocytes of rats bearing Morris hepatoma 5123 the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase as well as the level of reduced glutathione increased on the 10th day after transplantation of the tumor. In the second phase of the tumor growth (20 days after transplantation), the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and the level of reduced glutathione in erythrocytes of the experimental animals were lower than in controls, whereas the activity of superoxide dismutase was at that time higher than in controls. On the other hand, the activity of catalase did not significantly differ from that found in healthy rats.

Effects of ascorbic acid and a-tocopherol on arsenic-induced oxidative stress

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Ramanathan ◽  
B S Balakumar ◽  
C Panneerselvam
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Arsenic is an ubiquitous element in the environment causing oxidative burst in the exposed individuals leading to tissue damage. Antioxidants have long been known to reduce the free radical-mediated oxidative stress. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine whether supplementation of a-tocopherol (400 mg/kg body weight) and ascorbic acid (200 mg/kg body weight) to arsenic-intoxicated rats (100 ppm in drinking water) for 30 days affords protection against the oxidative stress caused by the metalloid. The arsenic-treated rats showed elevated levels of lipid peroxide, decreased levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants and activities of enzymatic antioxidants. Administration of a-tocopherol and ascorbic acid to arsenic-exposed rats showed a decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and enhanced levels of total sulfhydryls, reduced glutathione, ascorbic acid and a-tocopherol and so do the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase to near normal. These findings suggest thata-tocopherol and ascorbic acid prevent LPO and protect the antioxidant system in arsenic-intoxicated rats.

scholarly journals Biochemical changes in rat muscle tissue with prolonged use of simvastatin

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-244
Author(s):  
E V Vinogradova
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Titin Isoforms ◽  
Rat Muscle

Aim. Analysis of biochemical changes in rat muscle tissue after prolonged use of simvastatin. Methods. The study was conducted on mongrel male rats. Three groups were identified: control group (intact animals), comparison group (animals with induced hypercholesterolemia not reeciving the drugs), and experimental group (animals with induced hypercholesterolemia receiving simvastatin 0.0012 g/100 g of weight once a day for 2 months as an aqueous suspension through the esophageal probe). Metabolite concentration of glycolysis (pyruvic acid and lactate), activity of antioxidant protection enzymes (reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase), titin isoforms and proteolytic fragments of titin and nebulin concentration were determined in the muscles of animals. Results. After administration of simvastatin to animals with induced hypercholesterolemia, a decrease in the concentration of glycolysis metabolites (pyruvic acid and lactate) compared to comparison group was revealed, as well as multidirectional changes in the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes (decrease in activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, decreased concentration of reduced glutathione, but catalase activity remained unchanged). The analysis of structural changes in animal muscle tissue after administration of simvastatin revealed a decrease in the concentration of NT- and N2A-titin isoforms and practically complete absence of nebulin compared to the animals from the comparison group. At the same time an increase in the concentration of proteolytic fragments of titin (T2) by 1.3 times was recorded. Conclusion. The study showed that the basis of myotoxicity of statins in their long-term use is disintegration of enzyme antioxidant processes, as well as tissue hypoxia, leading to destruction of muscle fibers and prevalence of proteolytic processes.

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