Medium to study carbon utilization by Bradyrhizobium strains

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 633-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Wagner ◽  
Horace D. Skipper ◽  
Peter G. Hartel
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Galacturonic Acid ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Carbon Utilization ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
The Media

Literature on the utilization of C sources by cowpea Bradyrhizobium strains is difficult to interpret because the media employed often contained other sources of C in addition to the C source being tested. In addition, culture incubation periods varied widely. We modified a complex medium to contain a minimal amount of yeast extract (10 mg/L); the yeast extract provided adequate growth factors but was inadequate as a C source. Eight cowpea bradyrhizobia strains were inoculated into this modified medium containing 1 of 16 different C sources for incubation periods of 7, 10, and 14 days at 28 °C. After 14 days of incubation, most of the strains grew with six hexoses (fructose, galacturonic acid, gluconate, glucose, mannitol, and rhamnose), two pentoses (arabinose and xylose), and four other compounds (malate, γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, and yeast extract) as C sources; no strains were able to grow on two disaccharides (lactose and trehalose) and two other C sources (citrate and nicotinic acid). Large differences in growth were observed for fructose, γ-aminobutyric acid, malate, mannitol, and rhamnose between 7 and 14 days incubation. Because of the possibility of false negatives, our data suggest that the strains should be grown in a medium low in yeast extract over a long instead of a short incubation time.Key words: bradyrhizobia, metabolism, C source, growth.

Croissance et activité cellulaire du Brevibacterium casei NCDO 2049 dans du perméat de lactosérum

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1180-1188
Author(s):  
K. M. Oulé ◽  
G. Turcotte ◽  
Y. Beaulieu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Cellular Activity ◽  
Whey Permeate ◽  
The Media ◽  
Influence Of Ph

Growth and cellular activity of Brevibacterium casei NCDO 2049 were studied in a whey permeate as basic culture medium. The possible inhibitory effect of the carbone substrate (undiluted or diluted permeate) on growth was investigated as well as the influence of pH of the media (controlled or not) and of the addition of nitrogen sources (organic or inorganic) or growth factors such as yeast extract or vitamin B12. Growth in undiluted permeate produced a maximal biomass (6.5 × 109 cfu/mL) that was nearly twice as much as that in diluted permeate (3.8 × 109 cfu/mL). The carbone substrate (lactose) had no inhibitory effect on growth. In undiluted permeate and an uncontrolled pH, maximal biomass was reached after 36 h of incubation, while in a pH controlled medium, twice as much time was required to obtain an equivalent biomass. In undiluted permeate and an uncontrolled pH, growth in the presence of peptone reached 22.6 × 109 cfu/mL and, in the presence of (NH4)2SO4, 12.4 × 109 cfu/mL. Adding growth factors to media with peptone resulted in the reduction of 90% of initial lactose in the presence of yeast extract and of 75% in the presence of B12 vitamin. This study indicates the possibility of reducing lactose in whey permeate when cultivating strains of the genus Brevibacterium used as maturing bacteria for certain cheese types.Key words: whey permeate, Brevibacterium casei, lactose.[Journal translation]

Potential autocrine and paracrine mechanisms of recovery from mechanical injury of renal tubular epithelial cells

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (3) ◽  
pp. F463-F472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Anderson ◽  
Carla J. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mechanical Injury ◽  
Renal Tubular Cell ◽  
Thymidine Uptake ◽  
Tubular Epithelial Cells ◽  
Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells ◽  
The Media ◽  
Renal Tubular

The present studies were done to clarify potential pathways of the nephrogenic repair process. Media removed from mechanically injured vascular smooth muscle cells and LLC-PK1 renal tubular epithelial cells significantly stimulated[Formula: see text]thymidine uptake and cell number in quiescent LLC-PK1 cells, demonstrating the existence of potential autocrine and paracrine pathways of nephrogenic repair. The effect of mechanical injury resulting in release of one or more growth factors into culture media was also found in the opossum kidney OK renal tubular cell line. The nonspecific peptide growth factor antagonist suramin inhibited the effect of media from injured LLC-PK1 cells to stimulate[Formula: see text]thymidine uptake in quiescent LLC-PK1 cells. Exposure of quiescent LLC-PK1 cells to six growth factors, including acidic and basic fibroblastic growth factors (aFGF and bFGF), platelet-derived growth factors AA and BB (PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB), endothelin-2, and hepatocyte growth factor, reproduced the biological responses seen when quiescent LLC-PK1 cells were exposed to media from injured cells. Immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay experiments demonstrated the presence of aFGF, bFGF, and PDGF-BB but not other candidate growth factors in the media from injured LLC-PK1 cells. A neutralizing antibody directed against bFGF attenuated the effect of media from injured cells to stimulate[Formula: see text]thymidine uptake in serum-starved LLC-PK1 cells. These results demonstrate that mechanical injury to renal tubular epithelial cells results in release of aFGF, bFGF, and PDGF-BB into the media and suggests that bFGF may be involved in an autocrine fashion to promote recovery from injury.

More Powerful Peroxide Kjeldahl Digestion Method

1987 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 783-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford C Hach ◽  
Brian K Bowden ◽  
Alan B Kopelove ◽  
Scott V Brayton
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Refractory Compound ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Digestion Time ◽  
State Controller ◽  
Ammonia Recovery ◽  
Kjeldahl Digestion ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen

Abstract Enhanced ammonia recovery and a simplified method are described for a rapid Kjeldahl digestion using sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide as the sole digestion reagents. This micro procedure uses a Vigreux fractionating head fitted to a 100 mL volumetric flask and a hot plate with a solid-state controller. Continuous-flow peroxide addition is controlled by a capillary funnel, and fumes are evacuated through a side-arm vent leading to a water aspirator. Complete recovery of nitrogen from the refractory compound, nicotinic acid, is obtained with less than 10 min digestion. The described method reduces digestion time by 25-50% over the open-manifold peroxy method. A digestibility index (DI), scaled 0-10, establishes the difficulty of digestion for each sample and assigns values to compounds. A useful tool for determining the minimal amount of reagent and digestion time required, the DI assigns zero for compounds not needing digestion and 10 for nicotinic acid. Digested samples obtained from the described method are suitable for direct colorimetric analysis of many elements in addition to Kjeldahl nitrogen. Distillation of the digested sample is not required

scholarly journals Optimization of micropropagation by different concentration of vitamins and sucrose in St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum)

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
Sahar Khakpour ◽  
Alireza Motallebi-Azar ◽  
Bahman Hosseini ◽  
Saeede Alizadeh-Salte ◽  
Abbas Hasani
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
Acid Control ◽  
Micro Propagation ◽  
The Media ◽  
Negative Side Effects

Abstract In order to approach optimal micropropagation of Hypericum perforatum, it will be necessary to optimize shoot proliferation stage in in vitro culture. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of B group vitamins; Thiamine HCl, Pyridoxine HCl, Nicotinic acid (control and 100 fold of MS) and Sucrose (30 and 40 g.l−1) on shoot proliferation. For this purpose, Stems with one node were taken from in vitro shoots and cultured on MS medium. All cultures kept at 16h light/8h photoperiod and 25 ±2 °C in growth chamber. Results showed that the highest number of shoots and leaves were achieved when explants cultured in media containing 40 g.l−1 sucrose with 100 fold of MS vitamins. The highest shoots and leaf length were obtained with medium supplemented with 30 g.l−1 sucrose. Nicotinic acid concentrations had an important role in length of the leaves. The highest number of nodes achieved in the media containing 40 g.l−1 sucrose with both concentrations of Nicotinic acid. After two month growing plantlets, light (LGN) and dark glands number (DGN) were counted. Maximum number of LGN was observed in the media containing 30 g.l−1 sucrose with 100 fold of Thiamine and Pyridoxine. However, The Highest number of DGN achieved in the media containing 40 g.l−1 sucrose with 100 fold of Thiamine or Pyridoxine. Increasing of sucrose and vitamins concentrations were efficiently improved in vitro proliferation and some morphological attributes without negative side effects. Therefore, use of high levels of sucrose and vitamins were useful on micro-propagation of Hypericum perforatum.

scholarly journals Sinorhizobium meliloti Cells Require Biotin and either Cobalt or Methionine for Growth

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 3767-3770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Watson ◽  
Roselyn Heys ◽  
Teresa Martin ◽  
Marc Savard
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Methionine Biosynthesis ◽  
Rich Media ◽  
Homocysteine Methyltransferase

ABSTRACT Sinorhizobium meliloti is usually cultured in rich media containing yeast extract. It has been suggested that some components of yeast extract are also required for growth in minimal medium. We tested 27 strains of this bacterium and found that none were able to grow in minimal medium when methods to limit carryover of yeast extract were used during inoculation. By fractionation of yeast extract, two required growth factors were identified. Biotin was found to be absolutely required for growth, whereas previously the need for this vitamin was considered to be strain specific. All strains also required supplementation with cobalt or methionine, consistent with the requirement for a vitamin B12-dependent homocysteine methyltransferase for methionine biosynthesis.

scholarly journals Resistance-inducing chemicals against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in mango

1969 ◽  
Vol 90 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 221-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan A. Santiago ◽  
Lydia I. Rivera-Vargas ◽  
Rocío del P. Rodríguez ◽  
Raúl Macchiavelli
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Isonicotinic Acid ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

Various resistance-inducing chemicals were assessed in the interaction between mango (Mangifera indica L.) and the anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. These were salicylic acid, isonicotinic acid, benzo (1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothionic acid S-methyl ester (Actigard®)7, and other chemical compounds structurally similar, such as nicotinic acid, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide, isonicotinic acid ethyl ester, N-oxide isonicotinic acid, benzoic acid and sodium benzoate. No significant differences (P > 0.05) in C. gloeosporioidescolony growth were detected on culture media amended with the different resistance-inducing chemicals evaluated. At laboratory conditions, these compounds were sprayed to runoff on mango leaves and fruit pieces prior to inoculation. Lesion size was significantly reduced (P > 0.10) by concentrations ranging from 10-12 M to 10-6 M of salicylic acid (SA), 10-18 M and 10-14 M of isonicotinic acid (INA), 10-17 M to 10-2 M of Actigard®, and 10-10 M benzoic acid (BA). Salicylic acid, INA and BA caused toxicity on leaves at concentrations ranging from 10-1 to 10-3 M. Chemical compounds that induced resistance at laboratory conditions were further evaluated on six-month-old mango seedlings in a shade house. None of the chemicals tested significantly (P > 0.05) reduced lesion size caused by C. gloeosporioides. Other resistance-inducing chemicals not tested during these studies, such as probenazole, cyclopropane carboxylic acid derivatives, non-protein amino acids [β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) and  ϒ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)] and Phytoguard®, should be evaluated individually and in combinations to clarify this lack of induced resistance in mango tissues. 

THE APPLICATION OF A NUTRITIONAL GROUPING METHOD TO SOIL FUNGI

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Atkinson ◽  
J. B. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Soil Extracts

In tests with seven different liquid media in which the common nitrogen source was potassium nitrate and the carbohydrate substrate was glucose, at a concentration of only 0.1%, most of the 1914 soil fungi isolated fell into one of three nutritional groups requiring, respectively, for maximum growth amino acids, amino acids plus growth factors, or yeast extract. Relatively few isolates required growth factors alone or a combination of yeast and soil extracts. Most of the isolates grew poorly in the basal medium containing only mineral salts, and glucose, with or without soil extract. Although fungi requiring yeast extract were much less frequently isolated from soil on, rather than remote from, tubers grown in a soybean green-manured plot, isolates requiring amino acids, or yeast plus soil extracts, were correspondingly increased on immature and mature tubers, respectively. In a second plot, however, not specially treated, no differences were observed in the nutritional spectra of fungi isolated from the two kinds of soil environment.

THE INFLUENCE OF BIOS ON NODULE BACTERIA AND LEGUMES: B. INFLUENCE OF CRUDE BIOS PREPARATIONS ON ACID PRODUCTION BY STRAINS OF RHIZOBIUM TRIFOLII

1938 ◽  
Vol 16c (9) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Laird ◽  
P. M. West
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Rhizobium Trifolii ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Synthetic Media ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Certain components of Wildiers' Bios complex, fractionated and concentrated according to the procedure of Miller and co-workers, were found capable of replacing the stimulative action of yeast extract on strains of Rhizobium trifolii, as measured by acid production. Bios I was inactive, while Bios II B, V, and II A possessed definite activity, the potency of the fractions increasing in the order named. Moreover, the ability of these fractions to increase hydrolysis of urea by urease was in direct proportion to the stimulative effect exerted by them on the Rhizobia. These effects could not be brought about in synthetic media by the addition of crystalline vitamin B1, nicotinic acid, uracil, choline, β-alanine, carnosine, β-indole acetic and β-indole butyric acids, glutathione, cysteine and vitamin C.

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