Interactive effects of salt concentration and temperature on growth and lipid composition in the moderately halophilic bacterium Vibrio costicola

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 823-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Adams ◽  
Nicholas J. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Lipid Phase ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Moderately Halophilic ◽  
Moderately Halophilic Bacterium ◽  
Nacl Concentration

The interactive effects of NaCl concentration and growth temperature on the growth and lipid composition of the moderately halophilic eubacterium Vibrio costicola have been investigated. Vibrio costicola was shown to be capable of growth over the temperature range 4–37 °C. Maximum growth yields were obtained at 30 °C when the optimum NaCl concentration was 1.0 M NaCl. In contrast with some previous studies, at higher or lower growth temperatures both the optimum and lower limit of NaCl concentration were higher, but there was no change in the upper limit of NaCl concentration for growth. There were no differences between the lipid compositions of cultures grown in 1 M NaCl at 30 or 37 °C, but as the growth temperature was lowered from 30 to 10 or 4 °C, the ratio of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylglycerol increased significantly as a result of the conversion of phosphatidylglycerol to diphosphatidylglycerol; in addition, at the lower growth temperatures the phospholipid fatty acyl composition became more unsaturated and the mean acyl chain length was shorter. It is suggested that the altered salt dependence of V. costicola at temperatures below the optimum for growth is due to a modification in membrane lipid phase behavior and stability brought about by changes in lipid composition, whereas a different mechanism operates above the growth temperature optimum. Key words: salinity, halophilic bacteria, temperature, Vibrio costicola, lipid composition, nonbilayer phases of lipids.

scholarly journals Thalassobacillus devorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic, phenol-degrading, Gram-positive bacterium

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1789-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Teresa García ◽  
Virginia Gallego ◽  
Antonio Ventosa ◽  
Encarnación Mellado
Keyword(s):  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Halophilic Bacterium ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Moderately Halophilic ◽  
Moderately Halophilic Bacterium ◽  
Wide Range

A novel moderately halophilic bacterium, strain G-19.1T, has been isolated from a phenol enrichment of samples collected in hypersaline habitats of southern Spain. This enrichment culture was a part of a screening programme to isolate halophilic bacteria able to degrade various aromatic compounds. Strain G-19.1T has been characterized as a potential phenol-degrader over a wide range of saline conditions. Strain G-19.1T was found to be an aerobic, Gram-positive, endospore-forming, non-pigmented, moderately halophilic rod that grew optimally in media containing 7·5–10 % NaCl at pH 7·0. The DNA G+C content was 42·4 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the closest relatives were Halobacillus species (96·2–97·0 %), although this novel isolate constitutes a separate line of descent within the radiation of Gram-positive rods. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, indicating that this strain does not share the main characteristic that differentiates members of the genus Halobacillus (which contain Orn–d-Asp) from other related genera. The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, this isolate should be classified in a novel genus and species, for which the name Thalassobacillus devorans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain G-19.1T (=DSM 16966T=CECT 7046T=CCM 7282T).

scholarly journals From Metagenomics to Pure Culture: Isolation and Characterization of the Moderately Halophilic Bacterium Spiribacter salinus gen. nov., sp. nov.

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (13) ◽  
pp. 3850-3857 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José León ◽  
Ana B. Fernández ◽  
Rohit Ghai ◽  
Cristina Sánchez-Porro ◽  
Francisco Rodriguez-Valera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pure Culture ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Strictly Aerobic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moderately Halophilic ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Moderately Halophilic Bacterium

ABSTRACTRecent metagenomic studies on saltern ponds with intermediate salinities have determined that their microbial communities are dominated by bothEuryarchaeotaand halophilic bacteria, with a gammaproteobacterium closely related to the generaAlkalilimnicolaandArhodomonasbeing one of the most predominant microorganisms, making up to 15% of the total prokaryotic population. Here we used several strategies and culture media in order to isolate this organism in pure culture. We report the isolation and taxonomic characterization of this new, never before cultured microorganism, designated M19-40T, isolated from a saltern located in Isla Cristina, Spain, using a medium with a mixture of 15% salts, yeast extract, and pyruvic acid as the carbon source. Morphologically small curved cells (young cultures) with a tendency to form long spiral cells in older cultures were observed in pure cultures. The organism is a Gram-negative, nonmotile bacterium that is strictly aerobic, non-endospore forming, heterotrophic, and moderately halophilic, and it is able to grow at 10 to 25% (wt/vol) NaCl, with optimal growth occurring at 15% (wt/vol) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison showed that strain M19-40Thas a low similarity with other previously described bacteria and shows the closest phylogenetic similarity with species of the generaAlkalilimnicola(94.9 to 94.5%),Alkalispirillum(94.3%), andArhodomonas(93.9%) within the familyEctothiorhodospiraceae. The phenotypic, genotypic, and chemotaxonomic features of this new bacterium showed that it constitutes a new genus and species, for which the nameSpiribacter salinusgen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed, with strain M19-40T(= CECT 8282T= IBRC-M 10768T= LMG 27464T) being the type strain.

The effect of salinity on growth and lipid composition of a moderately halophilic Gram-negative bacterium HX

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Adams ◽  
Margot Kogut ◽  
Nicholas J. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Phospholipid Composition ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Moderately Halophilic ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Salinity Shift

The effect of NaCl concentration on the growth rate and phospholipid composition of a moderately halophilic Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium has been studied. This bacterium, designated HX, grows between 0.5 and 4.25 M NaCl at 20, 30, and 37 °C. It has a broad optimum salt concentration for growth of 1.0–2.0 M NaCl at 20 and 30 °C and 1.5–2.8 M NaCl at 37 °C. Its major lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol, which constitutes >90% of the total lipid, together with smaller amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol; there are traces of an unidentified glycolipid, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine. Lipid composition depends on NaCl concentration of the culture medium: at higher salinities the proportion of anionic phospholipids, mainly phosphatidylglycerol, is greater relative to the proportion of zwitterionic phospholipids, mainly phosphatidylethanolamine. The major fatty acids are 16:0, 16:1, 18:0, 18:1, 17:0cyc, and 19:0cyc; the proportions of the cyclopropane fatty acids are greater in cultures grown at higher salinities and this increase is due to NaCl concentration, not growth rate. Following a sudden increase in NaCl concentration of the culture medium (shift up), there are concomitant changes in growth rate and phospholipid composition. A lag period in growth is observed only when the magnitude of the salinity shift up is at least threefold. After a salinity shift up, there is a rapid decrease in the ratio of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylglycerol. It appears that the alterations in growth rate and lipid composition are a physiological response for adaptation to a change in salinity.Key words: halophilic bacteria, haloadaptation, membranes, lipids, salinity.

scholarly journals Tenuibacillus multivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from saline soil in Xin-Jiang, China

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Gen Ren ◽  
Pei-Jin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Halophilic Bacterium ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Neutral Salt ◽  
Moderately Halophilic ◽  
Moderately Halophilic Bacterium

Two Gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming and moderately halophilic bacteria (strains 28-1T, 28-4), isolated from a soil sample from a neutral salt lake in Xin-Jiang, China, were characterized polyphasically. On the basis of fasta (ungapped) analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strains 28-1T and 28-4 were shown to belong to the Bacillaceae and to be closely related to Filobacillus milensis DSM 13259T (97·0 %) and Bacillus haloalkaliphilus DSM 5271T (95·7 %). 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other recognized species was not more than 94·1 %. Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, physiological and biochemical data supported the differentiation of these novel strains from F. milensis and B. haloalkaliphilus. Therefore these two previously unidentified strains are considered to represent a new genus and species, for which the name Tenuibacillus multivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 28-1T (=AS 1.3442T=NBRC 100370T).

Protein turnover in a moderately halophilic bacterium

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Hipkiss ◽  
D. W. Armstrong ◽  
D. J. Kushner
Keyword(s):  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Halophilic Bacterium ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Breakdown Rate ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Moderately Halophilic ◽  
Moderately Halophilic Bacterium ◽  
Nacl Concentration

Protein turnover was investigated in exponentially growing Vibrio costicola, a moderately halophilic bacterium that can grow in the NaCl concentration range 0.5–3.5 M (with optimal growth at about 1.0 M). In 1.0 or 1.5 M NaCl the breakdown rate of pulse-labelled proteins was about 5%/h whereas in 0.5 M NaCl breakdown was about 9%/h. These results are in contrast to those reported and observed in Escherichia coli which has a turnover rate of 1–2%/h in exponential growth. Growing E. coli in the highest possible NaCl concentration (1.0 M) did not significantly increase protein turnover. Shifting V. costicola from a higher to a lower NaCl concentration increased the rate of turnover of pulse-labelled proteins, whereas shifting it from a lower to a higher NaCl concentration decreased the rate of turnover. The critical factor in these experiments was not the NaCl concentration at which proteins were labelled but that at which the cells were subsequently incubated. The level of breakdown of long-labelled proteins was low (about 2%/h) and was not affected by shifts in NaCl concentration. Breakdown of pulse-labelled protein was inhibited by cyanide and tetracycline but not by iodoacetate, azide. or chloramphenicol. Treatment with streptomycin increased the rate of turnover. Turnover in cell-free systems was lower than in intact cells and was not inhibited by cyanide or tetracycline. It is suggested that the high rate of turnover, even at optimal NaCl concentrations, may reflect errors in protein synthesis, and that the effect of lower NaCl concentrations may be to alter "native" conformation and thus to increase the susceptibility of some of the properly made proteins to proteolysis.

Proteomic insight into phenolic adaptation of a moderately halophilicHalomonassp. strain AAD12

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selim Ceylan ◽  
Berna Sarıyar Akbulut ◽  
Aziz Akın Denizci ◽  
Dilek Kazan
Keyword(s):  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
General Mechanism ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Moderately Halophilic ◽  
Moderately Halophilic Bacterium ◽  
Moderately Halophilic Bacteria

A gram-negative, moderately halophilic bacterium was isolated from Çamaltı Saltern area, located in the Aegean Region of Turkey. Analysis of its 16S rRNA gene sequence and physiological characteristics showed that this strain belonged to the genus Halomonas ; hence, it was designated as Halomonas sp. strain AAD12. The isolate tolerated up to 800 mg⋅L–1phenol; however, at elevated concentrations, phenol severely retarded cell growth. The increase in lag phase with increasing phenol concentrations indicated that the microorganism was undergoing serious adaptative changes. To understand the physiological responses of Halomonas sp. strain AAD12 to phenol, a 2-dimensional electrophoresis approach combined with mass spectrometric analysis was used. This approach showed that the expression of 14 protein spots were altered as phenol concentration increased from 200 to 800 mg⋅L–1. Among the identified proteins were those involved in protein biosynthesis, energy, transport, and stress metabolism. So far, this is the first study on phenolic adaptation of a gram-negative, moderately halophilic bacteria using proteomic tools. The results provided new insights for understanding the general mechanism used by moderately halophilic bacteria to tolerate phenol and suggested the potential for using these microorganisms in bioremediation.

scholarly journals Halomonas urmiana sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from Urmia Lake in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 2254-2260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shehzad Abid Khan ◽  
Sepideh Zununi Vahed ◽  
Haleh Forouhandeh ◽  
Vahideh Tarhriz ◽  
Nader Chaparzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Urmia Lake ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Unidentified Phospholipid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moderately Halophilic ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Moderately Halophilic Bacterium

In the course of screening halophilic bacteria in Urmia Lake in Iran, which is being threatened by dryness, a novel Gram-negative, moderately halophilic, heterotrophic and short rod-shaped bacteria was isolated and characterized. The bacterium was isolated from a water specimen and designated as TBZ3T. Colonies were found to be creamy yellow, with catalase- and oxidase-positive activities. The growth of strain TBZ3T was observed to be at 10–45 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0.5–20 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 7.5 %). Strain TBZ3T contained C16 : 0, cyclo-C19 : 0  ω8c, summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1  ω7c and/or C16 : 1  ω6c) and summed feature 8 (comprising C18 : 1  ω7c and/or C18 : 1  ω6c) as major fatty acids and ubiquinone-9 as the only respiratory isoprenoid quinone. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipid, unidentified phospholipid and unidentified polar lipids were detected as the major polar lipids. Strain TBZ3T was found to be most closely related to Halomonas saccharevitans AJ275T , Halomonas denitrificans M29T and Halomonas sediminicola CPS11T with the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.93, 98.15 and 97.60 % respectively and in phylogenetic analysis strain TBZ3T grouped with Halomonas saccharevitans AJ275T contained within a large cluster within the genus Halomonas . Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular properties, strain TBZ3T represents a novel species of the Halomonas genus, for which the name Halomonas urmiana sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TBZ3T (=DSM 22871T=LMG 25416T).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document