Spiroplasma cells utilize carbohydrates via the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 477-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Tarshis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Phosphotransferase System ◽  
Sulfhydryl Reagents ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Sugar Utilization ◽  
Washed Cell ◽  
Phosphate Donor ◽  
Washed Cell Suspension

Ten Spiroplasma species tested were found capable of fermenting glucose, mannose, fructose, and sucrose, but not ribose, maltose, 2-deoxyglucose, xylose, sorbitol, glactose, lactose, and arabinose. Sugar utilization was measured by a direct measurement of the changes in pH of a washed cell suspension upon the addition of the various sugars. Sulfhydryl reagents, uncouplers, and glycolysis inhibitors prevented the sugar-induced pH shifts. The spiroplasmas were capable of phosporylating α-methylgucoside in a reaction that required phosphoenolypyruvate, but not ATP, as a phosphate donor, suggesting that Spiroplasma species possess a phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system. Key words: Spiroplasma, carbohydrate utilization, pH changes, phosphenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system.

Cobalt and sodium requirements for methanogenesis in washed cells of Methanosaeta concilii

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Patel ◽  
G. D. Sprott
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Washed Cell ◽  
Washed Cell Suspension ◽  
Methanosaeta Concilii ◽  
Propyl Iodide

Methanosaeta concilii GP6 lost methanogenic activity upon thorough washing of the cells with an anaerobic buffer. Methane production from acetate could be restored by supplementing the washed cell suspension with spent growth medium, and to a lesser degree (65–70% of the rate obtained with spent medium) by the coaddition of NaCl and CoCl2. The latter reactivation had an apparent Km for CoCl2 of 5.6 μM in the presence of 40 mM NaCl, and an apparent Km for NaCl of 2.5 mM in the presence of 5 μM CoCl2. The requirement for NaCl could be met by LiCl but only partially by MgCl2, CaCl2, or NiCl2. Methylcobalamin could substitute for CoCl2. Severe inhibition of methanogenesis in unwashed GP6 cells caused by 5 μM propyl iodide and the role of methylcobalamin in regeneration of methane production in washed cells suggest the involvement of corrinoids in the methane pathway of the aceticlastic Methanosaeta concilii. This represents the first documentation for cobalt/methylcobalamin and sodium requirements for methanogenesis in Methanosaeta concilii. Key words: cobalt, sodium, methylcobalamin, methanogenesis, Methanosaeta concilii.

scholarly journals Studies on Aerobacillus Polymyxa VI. Some Properties of the Hydrogenlyase Systems of Bacteria

1953 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
WG Crewther
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Lower Range ◽  
Washed Cell ◽  
Washed Cell Suspension ◽  
The Relationship

The formic hydrogenlyase, glucose hydrogenlyase, and hydrogenase systems of Aerobacillus polymyxa were inactivated by dilution, repeated washing, or oxygenation of a washed-cell suspension of the organism. The hydrogenase and glucose hydrogenlyase systems were less sensitive. than the formic hydrogenlyase, and during inactivation by oxygenation the relationship between the activities of these enzymes was rectilinear over the lower range of enzyme activities. Formic dehydrogenase and pyruvic dehydrogenase were both readily inactivated by the above procedures whereas the enzyme system transferring hydrogen from glucose to methylene blue was unaffected.

scholarly journals Limits of survival of the mingled rumen bacteria in the washed cell suspension of rumen ciliate protozoa.

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2465-2466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoji ONODERA ◽  
Haruko YAMAGUCHI ◽  
Chiaki EGUCHI ◽  
Makoto KANDATSU
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Washed Cell ◽  
Washed Cell Suspension ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa

scholarly journals Ureolytic activity of the washed cell suspension of rumen ciliate protozoa.

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 2177-2182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoji ONODERA ◽  
Yasuko NAKAGAWA ◽  
Makoto KANDTSU
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Washed Cell ◽  
Washed Cell Suspension ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa

Ureolytic Activity of the Washed Cell Suspension of Rumen Ciliate Protozoa

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 2177-2182
Author(s):  
Ryoji Onodera ◽  
Yasuko Nakagawa ◽  
Makoto Kandatsu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Washed Cell ◽  
Washed Cell Suspension ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa

Limits of Survival of the Mingled Rumen Bacteria in the Washed Cell Suspension of Rumen Ciliate Protozoa

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2465-2466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoji Onodera ◽  
Haruko Yamaguchi ◽  
Chiaki Eguchi ◽  
Makoto Kandatsu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Washed Cell ◽  
Washed Cell Suspension ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa

Regulation of competence development and sugar utilization in Haemophilus influenzae Rd by a phosphoenolpyruvate:fructose phosphotransferase system

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 941-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah P. Macfadyen ◽  
Irene R. Dorocicz ◽  
Jonathan Reizer ◽  
Milton H. Saier Jr ◽  
Rosemary J. Redfield
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Competence Development ◽  
Phosphotransferase System ◽  
Sugar Utilization

scholarly journals Isoepoxydon, a new metabolite of the patulin pathway in Penicillium urticae

1979 ◽  
Vol 182 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichi Sekiguchi ◽  
G. Maurice Gaucher
Keyword(s):  
Parent Strain ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Secondary Alcohol ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Epoxide Ring ◽  
Boat Conformation ◽  
Washed Cell ◽  
Washed Cell Suspension ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Better Than

A patulin-negative mutant (J1) of Penicillium urticae (N.R.R.L. 2159A) was known to accumulate about 100mg per litre quantities of the 5,6-epoxygentisyl quinone, (−)-phyllostine and another metabolite (UIII). Both were derived from acetate and hence were polyketides. Purified UIII (m.p. 53°C, [α]32D+206°, λmethanolmax. 240nm; ε 3806 litre·mol−1·cm−1) was characterized as a partially reduced derivative of (−)-phyllostine and was found to be a diastereoisomer of the known phytotoxin, (+)-epoxydon. Hence its designation as (+)-iso- or epi-epoxydon. From 1H n.m.r. and c.d. data the stereochemistry of the epoxide ring in (+)-isoepoxydon was determined to be identical with that in (+)-epoxydon (i.e. R,R) but the configuration of the secondary alcohol at C-4 was S rather than R as in (+)-epoxydon. Isoepoxydon (compound UIII) is therefore (4S,5R,6R)-5,6-epoxy-4-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one. The boat conformation in which the C-4 hydroxy group is axial is preferred. In the range of 1mm to 5mm, the antibiotic activity of (+)-isoepoxydon against Bacillus subtilis sp. was 56% of that obtained with patulin. Over a period of 1 to 3h, [14C]isoepoxydon was efficiently converted into patulin by a shake culture of the parent strain of P. urticae. The precursor relationship of isoepoxydon to patulin was confirmed by feeding unlabelled isoepoxydon (1mm) to a washed-cell suspension of a mutant (J2) in which, over a period of 3 to 5h, a better than 60% conversion into patulin was attained. The enzymic relationship between isoepoxydon and phyllostine and their positions in the late portion of the patulin biosynthetic pathway are discussed.

scholarly journals Transcriptional analysis of differential carbohydrate utilization by Clostridium acetobutylicum

Microbiology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 156 (11) ◽  
pp. 3478-3491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Servinsky ◽  
James T. Kiel ◽  
Nicole F. Dupuy ◽  
Christian J. Sund
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Acetobutylicum ◽  
Dna Microarrays ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Major Facilitator Superfamily ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Phosphotransferase System ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Major Facilitator ◽  
Pentose Sugars

Transcriptional analysis was performed on Clostridium acetobutylicum with the goal of identifying sugar-specific mechanisms for the transcriptional regulation of transport and metabolism genes. DNA microarrays were used to determine transcript levels from total RNA isolated from cells grown on media containing eleven different carbohydrates, including two pentoses (xylose, arabinose), four hexoses (glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose), four disaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose, cellobiose) and one polysaccharide (starch). Sugar-specific induction of many transport and metabolism genes indicates that these processes are regulated at the transcriptional level and are subject to carbon catabolite repression. The results show that C. acetobutylicum utilizes symporters and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters for the uptake of pentose sugars, while disaccharides and hexoses are primarily taken up by phosphotransferase system (PTS) transporters and a gluconate : H+ (GntP) transporter. The transcription of some transporter genes was induced by specific sugars, while others were induced by a subset of the sugars tested. Sugar-specific transport roles are suggested, based on expression comparisons, for various transporters of the PTS, the ABC superfamily and members of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS), including the GntP symporter family and the glycoside-pentoside-hexuronide (GPH)-cation symporter family. Additionally, updates to the C. acetobutylicum genome annotation are proposed, including the identification of genes likely to encode proteins involved in the metabolism of arabinose and xylose via the pentose phosphate pathway.

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