scholarly journals Studies on Aerobacillus Polymyxa VI. Some Properties of the Hydrogenlyase Systems of Bacteria

1953 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
WG Crewther
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Lower Range ◽  
Washed Cell ◽  
Washed Cell Suspension ◽  
The Relationship

The formic hydrogenlyase, glucose hydrogenlyase, and hydrogenase systems of Aerobacillus polymyxa were inactivated by dilution, repeated washing, or oxygenation of a washed-cell suspension of the organism. The hydrogenase and glucose hydrogenlyase systems were less sensitive. than the formic hydrogenlyase, and during inactivation by oxygenation the relationship between the activities of these enzymes was rectilinear over the lower range of enzyme activities. Formic dehydrogenase and pyruvic dehydrogenase were both readily inactivated by the above procedures whereas the enzyme system transferring hydrogen from glucose to methylene blue was unaffected.

Spiroplasma cells utilize carbohydrates via the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 477-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Tarshis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Phosphotransferase System ◽  
Sulfhydryl Reagents ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Sugar Utilization ◽  
Washed Cell ◽  
Phosphate Donor ◽  
Washed Cell Suspension

Ten Spiroplasma species tested were found capable of fermenting glucose, mannose, fructose, and sucrose, but not ribose, maltose, 2-deoxyglucose, xylose, sorbitol, glactose, lactose, and arabinose. Sugar utilization was measured by a direct measurement of the changes in pH of a washed cell suspension upon the addition of the various sugars. Sulfhydryl reagents, uncouplers, and glycolysis inhibitors prevented the sugar-induced pH shifts. The spiroplasmas were capable of phosporylating α-methylgucoside in a reaction that required phosphoenolypyruvate, but not ATP, as a phosphate donor, suggesting that Spiroplasma species possess a phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system. Key words: Spiroplasma, carbohydrate utilization, pH changes, phosphenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system.

Cobalt and sodium requirements for methanogenesis in washed cells of Methanosaeta concilii

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Patel ◽  
G. D. Sprott
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Washed Cell ◽  
Washed Cell Suspension ◽  
Methanosaeta Concilii ◽  
Propyl Iodide

Methanosaeta concilii GP6 lost methanogenic activity upon thorough washing of the cells with an anaerobic buffer. Methane production from acetate could be restored by supplementing the washed cell suspension with spent growth medium, and to a lesser degree (65–70% of the rate obtained with spent medium) by the coaddition of NaCl and CoCl2. The latter reactivation had an apparent Km for CoCl2 of 5.6 μM in the presence of 40 mM NaCl, and an apparent Km for NaCl of 2.5 mM in the presence of 5 μM CoCl2. The requirement for NaCl could be met by LiCl but only partially by MgCl2, CaCl2, or NiCl2. Methylcobalamin could substitute for CoCl2. Severe inhibition of methanogenesis in unwashed GP6 cells caused by 5 μM propyl iodide and the role of methylcobalamin in regeneration of methane production in washed cells suggest the involvement of corrinoids in the methane pathway of the aceticlastic Methanosaeta concilii. This represents the first documentation for cobalt/methylcobalamin and sodium requirements for methanogenesis in Methanosaeta concilii. Key words: cobalt, sodium, methylcobalamin, methanogenesis, Methanosaeta concilii.

scholarly journals Limits of survival of the mingled rumen bacteria in the washed cell suspension of rumen ciliate protozoa.

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2465-2466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoji ONODERA ◽  
Haruko YAMAGUCHI ◽  
Chiaki EGUCHI ◽  
Makoto KANDATSU
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Washed Cell ◽  
Washed Cell Suspension ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa

scholarly journals Ureolytic activity of the washed cell suspension of rumen ciliate protozoa.

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 2177-2182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoji ONODERA ◽  
Yasuko NAKAGAWA ◽  
Makoto KANDTSU
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Washed Cell ◽  
Washed Cell Suspension ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa

Ureolytic Activity of the Washed Cell Suspension of Rumen Ciliate Protozoa

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 2177-2182
Author(s):  
Ryoji Onodera ◽  
Yasuko Nakagawa ◽  
Makoto Kandatsu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Washed Cell ◽  
Washed Cell Suspension ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa

Limits of Survival of the Mingled Rumen Bacteria in the Washed Cell Suspension of Rumen Ciliate Protozoa

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2465-2466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoji Onodera ◽  
Haruko Yamaguchi ◽  
Chiaki Eguchi ◽  
Makoto Kandatsu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Washed Cell ◽  
Washed Cell Suspension ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa

Molecular biology of enzyme adaptations in higher eukaryotes

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 272-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donal A. Hickey ◽  
Bernhard F. Benkel ◽  
Charalambos Magoulas
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Tissue Specificity ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Evolutionary Genetics ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Eukaryotic Genes ◽  
Higher Eukaryotes ◽  
The Relationship

Multicellular eukaryotes have evolved complex homeostatic mechanisms that buffer the majority of their cells from direct interaction with the external environment. Thus, in these organisms long-term adaptations are generally achieved by modulating the developmental profile and tissue specificity of gene expression. Nevertheless, a subset of eukaryotic genes are still involved in direct responses to environmental fluctuations. It is the adaptative responses in the expression of these genes that buffers many other genes from direct environmental effects. Both microevolutionary and macroevolutionary patterns of change in the structure and regulation of such genes are illustrated by the sequences encoding α-amylases. The molecular biology and evolution of α-amylases in Drosophila and other higher eukaryotes are presented. The amylase system illustrates the effects of both long-term and short-term natural selection, acting on both the structural and regulatory components of a gene–enzyme system. This system offers an opportunity for linking evolutionary genetics to molecular biology, and it allows us to explore the relationship between short-term microevolutionary changes and long-term adaptations.Key words: gene regulation, molecular evolution, eukaryotes, Drosophila, amylase.

Change Analysis of Enzyme Activity under Different Conditions of Film Remnant in Soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Xiao Guang Zhao ◽  
Yuan Yuan Guan ◽  
Wen Yu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Soil Microorganism ◽  
Soil Enzyme Activities ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, simulated experiments were performed in pots by using soil materials in different conditions of film remnant. Based on the research on soil microorganism quantity trends of soil enzyme activities were analyzed systematically: soil without film remnant, soil with film remnant for 5, 10, 15 and 20 years. By analyzing crop progress, the relationship with soil material was studied, in order to provide scientific basis for the variation laws between different conditions of film remnant and the activity of soil enzyme.

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