Pathogenicity of Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus schleiferi, and three other coagulase-negative staphylococci in a mouse model and possible virulence factors

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 455-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Lambe Jr. ◽  
K. P. Ferguson ◽  
J. L. Keplinger ◽  
C. G. Gemmell ◽  
J. H. Kalbfleisch
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Abscess Formation ◽  
Test Strain ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Staphylococcus Lugdunensis ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Staphylococcus Hominis ◽  
Culture Positive

Staphylococcus lugdunensis and Staphylococcus schleiferi, two newly described species, have been isolated from numerous types of human infections. We compared the pathogenicity of 30 strains of S. lugdunensis, S. schleiferi, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus warneri, and Staphylococcus hominis, using a mouse model in which a foreign body preadhered with the test strain was implanted subcutaneously, followed by injection of the test strain. All five species of staphylococci produced abscesses. Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. schleiferi, and S. lugdunensis yielded species means of 76–91% abscess formation; 80–100% of the infected foreign bodies and tissues were culture positive. These three species were more virulent than S. warneri or S. hominis, which produced abscesses in 54 and 65% of mice, respectively; only 10–48% of the infected samples were culture positive. Transmission electron microscopy of pure cultures of selected strains showed that all species possessed glycocalyx. All species produced a variety of possible virulence factors, such as α and δ hemolysins, as well as the aggressins lipase and esterase. The production of exoenzymes did not always correlate with virulence as demonstrated by abscess formation in mice. Key words: coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus schleiferi.

Comparison of the pathogenicity of three species of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus in a mouse model with and without a foreign body

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 722-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Ferguson ◽  
D. W. Lambe Jr. ◽  
J. L. Keplinger ◽  
J. H. Kalbfleisch
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Abscess Formation ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Staphylococcus Lugdunensis ◽  
Key Words Foreign Body ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Culture Positive

Staphylococcus schleiferi, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis produce a high incidence of abscesses in a mouse model with an implanted foreign body. We investigated the significance of the foreign body in this process. Fourteen strains of S. schleiferi, S. epidermidis, and S. lugdunensis were tested in our model. A preadhered foreign body was implanted into one mouse group, followed by injection of a test strain. Another group received injection without implant. Abscesses were assessed at 7 days; foreign bodies and infected tissues were cultured. The percent of samples that developed abscesses or were culture positive was compared for each strain. Nearly all mice infected with S. schleiferi developed abscesses and were culture positive. The foreign body made no difference in abscess formation for three of four S. schleiferi but increased the incidence of both organism recovery and abscess for three of five S. epidermidis. The foreign body enhanced abscess formation for four of five S. lugdunensis, with all five strains yielding significantly more culture recovery. Although the pathogenicity of nine strains was increased by the foreign body, five strains yielded high abscess and culture recovery rates that were not enhanced by its presence. Key words: foreign body, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus schleiferi.

scholarly journals Detección fenotípica de susceptibilidad a meticilina, eritromicina y clindamicina en aislados de Staphylococcus spp. de un hospital de Valledupar (Colombia)

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Gloria I. Morales-Parra ◽  
María C. Yaneth-Giovanetti ◽  
Andrés B. Zuleta-Hernández ◽  
Marilyn L. Núñez-Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Staphylococcus Lugdunensis ◽  
Staphylococcus Saprophyticus ◽  
Staphylococcus Haemolyticus ◽  
Staphylococcus Hominis ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Introducción: las infecciones por Staphylococcus spp. multirresistentes están asociadas con una mayor morbimortalidad de los pacientes afectados. Objetivo: caracterizar fenotipos de resistencia a meticilina, macrólidos y lincosamidas de 50 aislados de Staphylococcus spp. provenientes de pacientes de un centro hospitalario en la ciudad de Valledupar (Colombia). Materiales y métodos: las pruebas de susceptibilidad a meticilina, eritromicina y clindamicina se realizaron por los métodos de microdilución en caldo y difusión en agar. La resistencia a meticilina se tamizó por la técnica de dilución en agar y la resistencia inducible a clindamicina por la prueba D. Resultados: los aislados de Staphylococcus fueron obtenidos principalmente de heridas (58%) y orinas (12%) y en las áreas de consulta externa (40%), cirugía (24%) y urgencias (10%). Staphylococcus aureus se aisló en un 68%, seguido de Staphylococcus epidermidis (14%), Staphylococcus lugdunensis (8%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (4%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (4%) y Staphylococcus hominis (2%). La resistencia a meticilina se encontró en el 36% de los aislados de Staphylococcus aureus y el 8% de los estafilococos coagulasa negativos. Se evidenciaron cinco fenotipos de resistencia; el fenotipo con sensibilidad a eritromicina y clindamicina fue el más frecuente (54%), seguido del de resistencia a ambos antibióticos (14%). La resistencia inducible a clindamicina fue del 12%, encontrándose en el 8% de aislados de Staphylococcus aureus y el 4% de los de Staphylococcus epidermidis. Conclusiones: la prueba D es esencial para detectar el fenotipo de resistencia inducible a clindamicina en aislados de Staphylococcus spp. y evitar su administración frente al inminente fracaso terapéutico.

Evaluation of phenotypic methods for methicillin resistance characterization in coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS)

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1195-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Caierão ◽  
Maiara Musskopf ◽  
Silvana Superti ◽  
Eliane Roesch ◽  
Cícero G Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Staphylococcus Hominis ◽  
Phenotypic Methods ◽  
Microscan System

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are the major cause of nosocomial infections. Methicillin-resistant strains are particularly important because they narrow therapeutic options. Detecting methicillin resistance among CNS has been a challenge for years. The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of an agar screening test (0.6 and 4 μg oxacillin ml−1), disc diffusion and the automated MicroScan system to characterize methicillin resistance among CNS. One hundred and seventy five strains were analysed: 41.1 % Staphylococcus epidermidis and 59.9 % other species; 69.1 % were mecA-positive. The results showed that the methods have optimal correlation with the detection of mecA gene for S. epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus. However, accuracy of the tests is impaired when less common species are analysed. The only 100 % accurate test was agar screening with 4 μg oxacillin ml−1.

Microbiological Trends and Antimicrobial Resistance in Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis, 2005 to 2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheryl A. Zelenitsky ◽  
Jacy Howarth ◽  
Philippe Lagacé-Wiens ◽  
Christie Sathianathan ◽  
Robert Ariano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Single Organism ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Culture Positive

BackgroundInformation related to the microbiology of peritonitis is critical to the optimal management of patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD). The goal was to characterize the microbiological etiology and antimicrobial susceptibilities of PD-related peritonitis (PDRP) from 2005 to 2014, inclusive.MethodsThe distribution of organisms in culture-positive PDRP was described for new episodes and relapse infections, and further detailed for monomicrobial and polymicrobial peritonitis. Annual and overall rates of PDRP were also characterized. Antimicrobial susceptibility rates were calculated for the most common and significant organisms.ResultsWe identified 539 episodes of PDRP including 501 new and 38 relapse infections. New episodes of peritonitis were associated with a single organism in 85% of cases, and 44% of those involved staphylococci. Polymicrobial PDRP was more likely to involve gram-negative organisms, observed in 58% versus 24% of monomicrobial infections. Antimicrobial resistance was relatively stable from 2005 to 2014. Methicillin resistance was present in 57% of Staphylococcus epidermidis and 20% of other coagulase-negative staphylococci. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) accounted for only 11% of S. aureus peritonitis compared with 2% in our previous study of PDRP from 1991 to 1998. Ciprofloxacin resistance in Escherichia coli increased from 3% in our previous study to 24% in 2005 – 2014.ConclusionsThis study characterizes important differences in the distribution of organisms in new episodes of PDRP and relapse infections, as well as monomicrobial versus polymicrobial peritonitis. It also shows relatively stable rates of antimicrobial resistance from 2005 to 2014, but some increases compared with our previous study.

scholarly journals Clinical parameters do not predict infection in patients with external ventricular drains: a retrospective observational study of daily cerebrospinal fluid analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmini Muttaiyah ◽  
Stephen Ritchie ◽  
Arlo Upton ◽  
Sally Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Culture Positive

A retrospective review was conducted of patients with external ventricular drains (EVDs) in situ in order to ascertain the utility of daily cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis in such patients. All laboratory requests for CSF analysis, which were sent to the Microbiology Department, Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand, were reviewed to identify patients with EVDs in situ. The patients' clinical records were reviewed and information was obtained regarding their age, ethnicity, indication for EVD, duration of EVD, CSF analysis results, daily temperatures, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and the presence of other infections. For CSF samples that grew organisms, the patients' notes were reviewed to ascertain whether the organism was a contaminant or was representative of EVD-associated ventriculitis. A total of 454 CSF specimens from 60 patients were reviewed. Of the 56 CSF specimens that were culture-positive, 40 (71 %) were found to reflect clinical infection. Routine CSF analysis identified nine episodes of EVD-associated ventriculitis. Coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the most common isolates and were associated with ventriculitis approximately half of the time. Gram-negative isolates were less frequently isolated, but, when present, were always associated with ventriculitis. This study found that patient temperature and GCS did not allow early prediction of EVD-associated ventriculitis.

scholarly journals Microbiological picture of onychopathy in psoriatic patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-65
Author(s):  
I. S. Maximov ◽  
N. G. Kochergin ◽  
V. S. Novoselov ◽  
Z. S. Ditmarova ◽  
D. I. Ushakova
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Staphylococcus Lugdunensis ◽  
Opportunistic Fungi ◽  
Nail Psoriasis ◽  
Staphylococcus Capitis ◽  
Staphylococcus Hominis ◽  
Staphylococcus Simulans ◽  
Nail Infection

Objective. To evaluate the incidence of onychomycosis and bacterial contamination of onychopathy in patients with psoriasis.Material and methods. The study included 86 patients with skin psoriasis and abnormal nail plates or isolated nail psoriasis. Patients nail plates examined in laboratory using direct microscopy with 20 % KOH, mycological culture Sabourauds Dextrose Agar with chloramphenicol and сycloheximide, and bacteriological culture with indetification using the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer.Results. Out of 86 patients, 27 (31.4 %) had onychomycosis (KOH-positive or KOH-negative with a positive result for dermatophytes in a culture study). Of the 27 patients with onychomycosis, 9 caused by pathogenic fungi, and 18 caused by opportunistic fungi. Of the 54 patients with nail psoriasis, 9 (16.7 %) had onychomycosis, 3 had dermatophytes, and 6 had opportunistic micromycetes. A total of 97 microbiological studies were conducted in 86 patients, in which the following microorganisms were detected: Staphylococcus caprae – 28 strains, Staphylococcus lugdunensis – 26, Staphylococcus epidermidis – 26, Staphylococcus haemolyticus – 15, Staphylococcus pettenkoferi – 13, Staphylococcus simulans – 11, Staphylococcus warneri – 8, Staphylococcus aureus – 5, Staphylococcus piscifermentans – 4, corinebacteria spp. – 3, Staphylococcus hominis – 3, Staphylococcus capitis – 3, Pseudomonas aeruginosa – 3, Staphylococcus pasteuri – 1, Staphylococcus cohnii – 1, Kocuria spp. – 1, Klebsiella pneumonia – 1.Conclusion. In our study, onychomycosis was detected in 31.4 % of patients with psoriasis who have onychodystrophy. In psoriatic onychia, onychomycosis occurred in 16.7 % cases. Pseudomonas nail infection was observed in two patients, one in combination with nail psoriasis.

scholarly journals Diversity of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec Structures in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus Strains among Outpatients from Four Countries

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 442-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Ruppé ◽  
François Barbier ◽  
Yasmine Mesli ◽  
Aminata Maiga ◽  
Radu Cojocaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Staphylococcus Haemolyticus ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Staphylococcus Cohnii ◽  
Staphylococcus Hominis ◽  
Type V ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

ABSTRACT In staphylococci, methicillin (meticillin) resistance (MR) is mediated by the acquisition of the mecA gene, which is carried on the size and composition variable staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). MR has been extensively studied in Staphylococcus aureus, but little is known about MR coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS). Here, we describe the diversity of SCCmec structures in MR-CoNS from outpatients living in countries with contrasting environments: Algeria, Mali, Moldova, and Cambodia. Their MR-CoNS nasal carriage rates were 29, 17, 11, and 31%, respectively. Ninety-six MR-CoNS strains, comprising 75 (78%) Staphylococcus epidermidis strains, 19 (20%) Staphylococcus haemolyticus strains, 1 (1%) Staphylococcus hominis strain, and 1 (1%) Staphylococcus cohnii strain, were analyzed. Eighteen different SCCmec types were observed, with 28 identified as type IV (29%), 25 as type V (26%), and 1 as type III (1%). Fifteen strains (44%) were untypeable for their SCCmec. Thirty-four percent of MR-CoNS strains contained multiple ccr copies. Type IV and V SCCmec were preferentially associated with S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus, respectively. MR-CoNS constitute a widespread and highly diversified MR reservoir in the community.

scholarly journals Multiple Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosomes and Allelic Variants of Cassette Chromosome Recombinases in Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci from Norway

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1671-1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Merethe Hanssen ◽  
Johanna U. Ericson Sollid
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Southern Blot Hybridization ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Attachment Sites ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Insertion Sites ◽  
Staphylococcus Hominis

ABSTRACT We investigated the nature of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements and cognate insertion sites in a collection of 42 clinical staphylococcal isolates of various species from Norway. The ccr and mec genes and the attachment sites (attL/attR) were identified by PCR, Southern blot hybridization, and DNA sequencing. We found 10 possibly new SCCmec types and one previously unreported variant of SCCmec type III (mec complex A, ccrAB3, and ccrC7) in Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Staphylococcus hominis. Eleven of 42 strains contained multiple copies of ccr, suggesting the presence of mosaic structures composed of multiple SCC elements. S. haemolyticus contained ccrAB2 genes identical to those in S. aureus SCCmec type IV but lacked IS1272 and mec regulators. Two new allelic ccr variants, ccrC6 and ccrC7, were identified. Also, the presumed functional version of ccrB1 was found in a mecA-positive S. hominis strain and in mecA-negative S. epidermidis and S. hominis strains. Only minor differences in direct repeats in the left and right boundaries (attR/attL) were observed, while there was more variation in the inverted repeats. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) contained several representatives of different ccr complexes and thus seemed to harbor multiple or composite new types of SCCmec. The enormous diversity observed in the SCCmec elements implies a large SCCmec reservoir in CoNS.

Emergence of cfr-harbouring coagulase-negative staphylococci among patients receiving linezolid therapy in two hospitals in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Jing Yang ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Qing Yang ◽  
Ting-Ting Qu ◽  
Li-Lin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Staphylococcus Capitis ◽  
Linezolid Therapy ◽  
Staphylococcus Hominis

This study reports on the emergence of cfr-harbouring coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) among patients who received linezolid therapy in two hospitals in Hangzhou, China. The mechanisms of resistance and transmission were analysed for these resistant isolates. Eight Staphylococcus capitis isolates, one Staphylococcus epidermidis isolate and one Staphylococcus hominis isolate, obtained from patients who had received linezolid therapy in two hospitals in Hangzhou, China, were confirmed as linezolid resistant, with MICs ranging from 8 to >256 mg l−1. The linezolid usage data of the ten patients before isolation of the linezolid-resistant CoNS were collected. PFGE analysis showed that the eight S. capitis isolates from the two hospitals belonged to the same clone. Nine of the linezolid-resistant CoNS isolates carried the cfr gene, which was located on plasmids of a similar size. A 5.3 kb fragment containing the cfr gene, revealing 99 % identity to the sequence of the cfr-harbouring plasmid pSS-01 reported previously, was determined by PCR mapping for all cfr-positive isolates, and the cfr gene was flanked by two copies of IS256-like elements. Thus, these results document the emergence of linezolid-resistant CoNS isolates carrying the cfr gene in Hangzhou, China. Effective nosocomial infection control strategies and the judicious use of antibiotics will be required to prevent further spread of this resistance mechanism.

Lysine effect on ruthenium red and alcian blue preservation of the staphylococci glycocalyx

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
Theresa A. Fassel ◽  
James R. Sanger ◽  
Charles E. Edmiston
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Initial Adhesion ◽  
Staphylococcus Hominis

The gram-positive coagulase-negative staphylococci are opportunistic organisms important in latent infection associated with prosthetic biomaterials. Their highly charged polysaccharide glycocalyx, or slime, aids in proliferation of bacteria on surfaces after an initial adhesion event, possibly at the time of surgical insertion. The cationic reagents, ruthenium red (RR) and alcian blue (AB), in en bloc procedures have aided visualization of the polysaccharide glycocalyx material in TEM or SEM applications. Further, enhancement of RR preservation or staining of slime by inclusion of lysine in a prefixation stage has been observed. The effect of lysine with and without RR and AB on preservation/staining of the staphylococci glycocalyx is investigated further in this study.Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62 (RP62) and Staphylococcus hominis SP2 (SP2) were cultured in trypticase soy broth for 18 hrs at 35°C, following recovery from frozen storage and plating on blood agar plates for 24 hrs. Cells with 75mM lysine in the prefixation were incubated for 20 minutes with 2.5% glutaraldehyde (GA), 2.5% GA and 0.075% RR, or 2.5% GA and 0.075% AB, respectively.

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