Interactions among Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, Trichoderma koningii, and soil bacteria

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 871-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Simon ◽  
K. Sivasithamparam
Keyword(s):  
Pure Culture ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Suppressive Soil ◽  
Trichoderma Koningii ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici ◽  
Conducive Soil

Interactions among Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, Trichoderma koningii, and soil bacteria were studied in vitro and in soils suppressive and conducive of the saprophytic growth of G. graminis var. tritici. Fifty-four percent of bacteria isolated from the suppressive soil and 10% from the conducive soil were antagonistic to G. graminis var. tritici in vitro. The reduction in the growth of T. koningii in vitro by metabolite(s) produced in pure culture by soil bacteria was 14 and 28% for the bacteria isolated from the suppressive and conducive soil, respectively. Metabolite(s) produced by T. koningii in pure culture inhibited the growth in vitro of 8 and 65% of the bacteria isolated from the suppressive and conducive soils, respectively. All isolates of Trichoderma tested produced metabolite(s) that inhibited growth of G. graminis var. tritici in pure culture. The metabolite(s) produced by one isolate of T. koningii inhibited growth of all isolates of Trichoderma in vitro. Trichoderma koningii suppressed saprophytic growth of G. graminis var. tritici in irradiated conducive soil in the absence but not in the presence of bacteria isolated from the same soil. The results suggest that the suppressive soil may be more suppressive of the saprophytic growth of G. graminis var. tritici and less suppressive of the growth of T. koningii than the conducive soil.

scholarly journals In vitro Antagonistic Mechanisms of Trichoderma spp. and Talaromyces flavus to Control Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici the Causal Agent of Wheat Take-all Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 629
Author(s):  
Seddighe Mohammadi ◽  
Leila Ghanbari
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Talaromyces Flavus ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici ◽  
Take All

Wheat take-all disease caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici has recently been detected in different regions of Iran. With respect to biocontrol effect of Trichoderma spp. on many pathogenic fungi, seven isolates of Trichoderma and four isolates of Talaromyces were in vitro evaluated in terms of their biological control against the disease causal agent. In dual culture test the five isolates showed efficient competition for colonization against pathogenic fungus and the highest percentages of inhibition belonging to Talaromyces flavus 60 and Talaromyces flavus 136 were 59.52 and 57.61%, respectively. Microscopic investigations showed that in regions where antagonistic isolates and Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici coincide, hyphal contact, penetration and fragmentation of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici were observed. Investigating the effect of volatile and non-volatile compounds at 10 ml concentration showed that the highest inhibition percentage on mycelium growth of the pathogen caused by T. harzianum (44.76%) and T. longibrachiatum (52.38%) respectively.

scholarly journals Phenolic Acid-Degrading Consortia Increase Fusarium Wilt Disease Resistance of Chrysanthemum

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Cheng Zhou ◽  
Zhongyou Ma ◽  
Xiaoming Lu ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Jianfei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Suppressive Soil ◽  
Soil Borne Pathogens ◽  
Fusarium Wilt Disease ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Conducive Soil

Soil microbial community changes imposed by the cumulative effects of root-secreted phenolic acids (PAs) promote soil-borne pathogen establishment and invasion under monoculture systems, but the disease-suppressive soil often exhibits less soil-borne pathogens compared with the conducive soil. So far, it remains poorly understood whether soil disease suppressiveness is associated with the alleviated negative effects of PAs, involving microbial degradation. Here, the long-term monoculture particularly shaped the rhizosphere microbial community, for example by the enrichment of beneficial Pseudomonas species in the suppressive soil and thus enhanced disease-suppressive capacity, however this was not observed for the conducive soil. In vitro PA-degradation assays revealed that the antagonistic Pseudomonas species, together with the Xanthomonas and Rhizobium species, significantly increased the efficiency of PA degradation compared to single species, at least partially explaining how the suppressive soil accumulated lower PA levels than the conducive soil. Pot experiments further showed that this consortium harboring the antagonistic Pseudomonas species can not only lower PA accumulation in the 15-year conducive soils, but also confer stronger Fusarium wilt disease suppression compared with a single inoculum with the antagonistic bacteria. Our findings demonstrated that understanding microbial community functions, beyond the single direct antagonism, facilitated the construction of active consortia for preventing soil-borne pathogens under intensive monoculture.

The soil environment and the suppression of saprophytic growth of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 865-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Simon ◽  
K. Sivasithamparam
Keyword(s):  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Γ Radiation ◽  
Soil Pathogen ◽  
Pathogen Suppression ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici ◽  
Limed Soil ◽  
Conducive Soil

The effect of the soil environment on the transferable suppression of the saprophytic growth of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (pathogen suppression) was studied in a field soil acidified to pH 4.3 by annual treatment with ammonium sulphate for 9 years and in the same soil further amended with a single application of lime (pH 5.4). Pathogen suppression and the activity of Trichoderma spp. were greater when (i) the unlimed (pathogen-suppressive) soil was added at a rate of 1% (w/w) to the same soil treated with γ-radiation than when added at the same rate to the irradiated limed soil; (ii) the limed (pathogen-conducive) soil was added at 1% (w/w) to the irradiated unlimed soil than when added at the same rate to the irradiated limed soil. Pathogen suppression and the activity of Trichoderma spp. were increased in both soils with the addition of an antibacterial agent. The saprophytic growth of G. graminis var. tritici was reduced in the unsterile pathogen-suppressive but not in the pathogen-conducive soil, following the addition of inoculum of T. koningii. It is proposed that both the abiotic and biotic environments of soil can influence the expression of transferable pathogen suppression which, in the soils tested, is related to the activity of Trichoderma spp.

Nutritional and environmental factors affecting growth and antifungal activity of a sterile red fungus against Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shankar ◽  
D. I. Kurtböke ◽  
K. Sivasithamparam
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
N Source ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici ◽  
Take All

Growth and antifungal activity of a sterile red fungus against Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (the take-all fungus) in vitro was greatly influenced by nutritional and environmental conditions. The utilization by the sterile red fungus of various carbon and nitrogen sources differed considerably at pH 5.5 and 6.5. Maximum growth of the sterile red fungus occurred when pectin was supplied as the carbon source at both pH levels. As nitrogen sources, NH4H2PO4 supported maximum growth at pH 5.5, whereas Ca(NO3)2 was the best at pH 6.5. Pectin strongly enhanced the antifungal activity of the sterile red fungus towards the take-all fungus as did Ca(NO3)2 supplied as a N source. There was, however, little or no antagonism in the presence of calcium citrate, arabinose, leucine, or arginine. In general, antagonism was optimal at 20 °C and at pH 5.5. Key words: sterile red fungus, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, biological control.

Microbiological differences between soils suppressive and conducive of the saprophytic growth of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 860-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Simon ◽  
K. Sivasithamparam
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Suppressive Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Pathogen ◽  
Pathogen Suppression ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var Tritici ◽  
Annual Application

A soil acidified by ammonium sulphate following annual application of the fertilizer for 9 years was suppressive of the saprophytic growth of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici in soil (pathogen suppressive). The same soil amended with lime was pathogen conducive. In natural field soil microbial respiration and the 'total' number of aerobic microorganisms were greater in the conducive than in the suppressive soil. In a soil-sandwich bioassay of the transferable suppression of saprophytic growth of the pathogen there were higher numbers of 'total' aerobic microorganisms, fluorescent pseudomonads, and Gram-negative organisms, but lower numbers of filamentous fungi and yeasts in the conducive than in the suppressive soil. It was estimated that Trichoderma spp. made up 71 and 34% of the total numbers of fungi counted in the suppressive and conducive soils, respectively. It is proposed that Trichoderma spp. played a major role in the transferable pathogen suppression in the suppressive soil.

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