Microbial transformation of menthol and menthane-3,4-diol

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 489-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. P. Shukla ◽  
R. C. Bartholomus ◽  
I. C. Gunsalus
Keyword(s):  
Octanoic Acid ◽  
Microbial Transformation ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Related Compounds

A bacterium isolated from sewage by enrichment on (−)-menthol will use as sole source of carbon (−)-menthol and the related compounds, (−)-isopulegol, (+)-isomenthol, (±)-neomenthol, geraniol, and menthane-3,4-diol, but not (+)-menthol and (+)-isopulegol. Medium from (−)-menthol grown cells contains menthone, 3,7-dimethyl-6-hydroxyoctanoic acid, and 3,7-dimethyl-6-oxo-octanoic acid. Cell suspensions incubated with (−)-menthol yielded the same intermediates. Metabolism of menthane-3,4-diol by this bacterium yielded the same oxo acid plus 4-hydroxy-3-keto-p-menthane. A pathway is proposed for the oxidation of menthol and menthane-3,4-diol by this organism.

scholarly journals Separate Upper Pathway Ring Cleavage Dioxygenases Are Required for Growth of Sphingomonas wittichii RW1 on Dibenzofuran and Dibenzo-p-dioxin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thamer Y. Mutter ◽  
Gerben J. Zylstra
Keyword(s):  
Sole Source ◽  
Gene Replacement ◽  
Ring Cleavage ◽  
Promoter Strength ◽  
Double Knockout ◽  
Catabolic Pathways ◽  
Sphingomonas Wittichii ◽  
Physiological Approach ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Related Compounds

Sphingomonas wittichii RW1 is one of a few strains known to grow on the related compounds dibenzofuran (DBF) and dibenzo-p-dioxin (DXN) as the sole source of carbon. Previous work by others (B. Happe, L. D. Eltis, H. Poth, R. Hedderich, and K. N. Timmis, J Bacteriol 175:7313-20, 1993, doi: 10.1128/jb.175.22.7313-7320.1993) showed that purified DbfB had significant ring cleavage activity against the DBF metabolite trihydroxybiphenyl but little activity against the DXN metabolite trihydroxybiphenylether. We took a physiological approach to positively identify ring cleavage enzymes involved in the DBF and DXN pathways. Knockout of dbfB on the RW1 megaplasmid pSWIT02 results in a strain that grows slowly on DBF but normally on DXN confirming that DbfB is not involved in DXN degradation. Knockout of SWIT3046 on the RW1 chromosome results in a strain that grows normally on DBF but that does not grow on DXN demonstrating that SWIT3046 is required for DXN degradation. A double knockout strain does not grow on either DBF or DXN demonstrating that these are the only ring cleavage enzymes involved in RW1 DBF and DXN degradation. Substitution of dbfB by SWIT3046 results in a strain that grows normally (equal to wild type) on both DBF and DXN showing that promoter strength is important for SWIT3046 to take the place of DbfB in DBF degradation. Thus both dbfB and SWIT3046 encoded enzymes are involved in DBF degradation but only the SWIT3046 encoded enzyme is involved in DXN degradation. Importance S. wittichii RW1 has been the subject of numerous investigations due to the fact that it is one of only a few strains known to grow on DXN as the sole carbon and energy source. However, while the genome has been sequenced and several DBF pathway enzymes have been purified, there has been very little research using physiological techniques to precisely identify the genes and enzymes involved in the RW1 DBF and DXN catabolic pathways. Using knockout and gene replacement mutagenesis our work identifies separate upper pathway ring cleavage enzymes involved in the related catabolic pathways for DBF and DXN degradation. The identification of a new enzyme involved in DXN biodegradation explains why the pathway of DBF degradation on the RW1 megaplasmid pSWIT02 is inefficient for DXN degradation. In addition, our work demonstrates that both plasmid and chromosomally encoded enzymes are necessary for DXN degradation suggesting that the DXN pathway has only recently evolved.

scholarly journals The oxidation of aminoacetone by a species of Arthrobacter

1968 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret L. Green ◽  
J. B. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Amine Oxidase ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Complete Oxidation ◽  
Arthrobacter Globiformis ◽  
Washed Cell ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

1. A micro-organism similar to Arthrobacter globiformis has been isolated from sewage by elective growth on a medium containing l-threonine as sole source of carbon and nitrogen. 2. Washed cell suspensions of the organism catalyse the complete disappearance of aminoacetone from the medium and its almost complete oxidation. 3. In the presence of iodoacetate, aminoacetone disappearance is accompanied by the accumulation of methylglyoxal, about 70% of the aminoacetone removed being accounted for in this way. 4. It is suggested that the conversion of aminoacetone into methylglyoxal is catalysed by an amine oxidase.

Utilization of tartaric acid and related compounds by yeasts: taxonomic implications

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1242-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Glucaric Acid ◽  
Mucic Acid ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Taxonomic Implications ◽  
Ascomycetous Yeasts ◽  
Aldaric Acids ◽  
Related Compounds

A survey of yeasts capable of growing on L(+)-tartaric acid as the sole source of carbon and energy showed that this organic acid is assimilated by a significant number of species of basidiomycetous affinity and is seldom utilized by ascomycetous yeasts. This conclusion was further supported by the fact that among approximately 100 isolates from various natural substrates, using selective media with L(+)-tartaric acid, only one strain of ascomycetous affinity was obtained. In a more comprehensive survey 442 yeast strains belonging to 138 species, mostly of basidiomycetous affinity, were also screened for the assimilation of different aldaric acids: D(−)-tartaric acid, meso-tartaric acid, L(−)-malic acid, D(+)-glucaric acid (saccharic acid), and galactaric acid (mucic acid). L(+)-Tartrate was the most frequently utilized tartaric acid isomer (55% of the total number of strains of basidiomycetous affinity belonging to either the Tremellales/Filobasidiales or the Ustilaginales) when compared with the D(−) and meso forms, which were assimilated by 12 and 18% of the total number of strains, respectively (mainly of tremellaceous species). Saccharic acid was utilized by about 75% of the total number of species of Tremellales affinity and by less than 20% of the ustilaginaceous species. Assimilation of mucic acid occurred in more than 50% of the tremellaceous species and only in 5% of the species related to the Ustilaginales. These tests, not used in standard yeast identification sets, appear to contribute to distinguishing taxa at or above the species level. Key words: assimilation, tartaric acid, aldaric acids, yeasts, taxonomy.

scholarly journals Aerobic Biodegradation of 2,4-Dinitroanisole by Nocardioides sp. Strain JS1661

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (24) ◽  
pp. 7725-7731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tekle Tafese Fida ◽  
Shannu Palamuru ◽  
Gunjan Pandey ◽  
Jim C. Spain
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Transformation ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Aerobic Biodegradation ◽  
Enzyme Assays ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dead End ◽  
End Products ◽  
Subsequent Degradation ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACT2,4-Dinitroanisole (DNAN) is an insensitive munition ingredient used in explosive formulations as a replacement for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). Little is known about the environmental behavior of DNAN. There are reports of microbial transformation to dead-end products, but no bacteria with complete biodegradation capability have been reported.Nocardioidessp. strain JS1661 was isolated from activated sludge based on its ability to grow on DNAN as the sole source of carbon and energy. Enzyme assays indicated that the first reaction involves hydrolytic release of methanol to form 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP). Growth yield and enzyme assays indicated that 2,4-DNP underwent subsequent degradation by a previously established pathway involving formation of a hydride-Meisenheimer complex and release of nitrite. Identification of the genes encoding the key enzymes suggested recent evolution of the pathway by recruitment of a novel hydrolase to extend the well-characterized 2,4-DNP pathway.

scholarly journals Microbial Oxidation of Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds by Whole-Cell Suspensions of the Methane-Oxidizing Bacterium H-2

1986 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1403-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeo Imai ◽  
Hirofumi Takigawa ◽  
Satoshi Nakagawa ◽  
Gwo-Jenn Shen ◽  
Tohru Kodama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Microbial Oxidation ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Oxidation Of Hydrocarbons ◽  
Related Compounds

Bacterial Hydroxylation of Pyrazon Compounds

1974 ◽  
Vol 29 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 283-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. de Frenne ◽  
J. Eberspächer ◽  
F. Lingens ◽  
W. Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Sole Source ◽  
Cell Suspensions

In cell suspensions of bacteria grown with 5-amino-4-chloro-2-phenyl-3 (2H)-pyridazinone (pyrazon) as sole source of carbon o-methyl-pvrazon and m-methyl-pyrazon were converted to the cor­ responding hydroxymethyl compounds. p-Methyl-pyrazon was not metabolized.

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