Inhibition of granulocyte phagocytosis of Candida albicans by amphotericin B

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Chan ◽  
Edward Balish
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Marked Inhibitory Effect

Phagocytic activity of PMN's in five healthy and five burned patients were measured in vitro. Addition of 1 μg per millilitre of amphotericin B to the assay produced a marked inhibitory effect of the phagocytic activity of PMN against C. albicans.

scholarly journals Effect of antimycotic agents on the activity of aspartyl proteinases secreted by Candida albicans

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schaller ◽  
Nikola Krnjaic ◽  
Markus Niewerth ◽  
Gerald Hamm ◽  
Bernhard Hube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antimycotic Agent ◽  
Pepstatin A ◽  
Aspartyl Proteinases

The inhibitory effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) proteinase inhibitors amprenavir and saquinavir and antifungal agents terbinafine, ketoconazole, amphotericin B and ciclopiroxolamine on aspartyl proteinases (Saps) secreted by Candida albicans was tested in an in vitro spectophotometric assay. As expected, both HIV proteinase inhibitors showed a significant inhibitory effect on Sap activity, which was comparable to that of the classical aspartyl proteinase inhibitor pepstatin A (P < 0.001). Antifungal drugs such as ketoconazole, terbinafine and amphotericin B had no, or only minor, inhibitory effects on proteolytic activity. In contrast, a significant reduction in Sap activity could be demonstrated during treatment with the antifungal agent ciclopiroxolamine (P < 0.001). These results point to a multiple effect of this antimycotic agent and might explain the reduced adherence of C. albicans to human epithelial cells at subinhibitory doses.

scholarly journals Perbandingan Daya Hambat Larutan Antiseptik Povidone iodine dengan Ekstrak Daun Sirih terhadap Candida albicans secara In Vitro

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Septriana Putri ◽  
Aziz Djamal ◽  
Rahmatini Rahmatini ◽  
Cimi Ilmiawati
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Iodine Solution ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Povidone Iodine Solution

Abstrak Candida albicansb (C. albicans) adalah salah satu mikroorganisme penyebab masalah kesehatan reproduksi wanita, yaitu keputihan (fluor albus). Penggunaan larutan povidone iodine dan bahan alam seperti ekstrak daun sirih menjadi pilihan masyarakat sebagai pembersih alat kewanitaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkandaya hambat larutan antiseptik povidone iodine dan ekstrak daun sirih terhadap jamur C. albicans secara in vitro. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap lima isolat jamur C. albicans dengan larutan kontrol akuades.Perlakuan terdiri dari povidone iodine, ekstrak daun sirih dengan konsentrasi 5%, 10%, dan 20%.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa povidone iodine memiliki daya hambat terhadap C. albicans. Ekstrak daun sirih dengan konsentrasi 5% dan 10% tidak memiliki daya hambat terhadap C. albicans, namun ekstrak daun sirih konsentrasi 20% memiliki daya hambat terhadap C. albicans. Analisis statistik dengan uji ANOVA yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Post-hoc menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antara daya hambat larutan povidone iodine dan ekstrak daun sirih 20% terhadap kontrol(p < 0.05).Larutan povidone iodine memiliki daya hambat dua kali lebih besar terhadap pertumbuhan C. albicans dibandingkan ekstrak daun sirih 20%. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa larutan povidone iodine dan ekstrak daun sirih 20% dapat menghambat pertumbuhan jamur C. albicans secara in vitro. Kata kunci: povidone iodine, ekstrak daun sirih, Candida albicansAbstract Candida albicans (C. albicans) is one of the frequent causes of  reproductive health problems in women, namely vaginal discharge (fluor albus). The antiseptic solution, povidone iodine, is still an option to overcome vaginal discharge. The use of natural materials such as betel (Piper betle L.) leaves extract also become a popular choice as adouche for women. The objective of this study was to compare the inhibitory activity of povidone iodine solution and betel leaf extract against the growth of C. albicans in vitro. We used five different isolates of C. albicans with distilled water as control. Each isolate was treated with povidone iodine solution, betel leaf extract at concentration of 5%, 10%,and 20%. The results showed that povidone iodine had inhibitory effect on C. albicans. Betel leaf extract at concentration of 5% and 10% did not have inhibitory effectwhile betel leaf extract at concentration of 20% hadinhibitory effect on C. albicans. Analysis by ANOVA followed by Post-hoc tests showed a significant difference in inhibitory activity of povidone iodine and betel leaf extract at 20% concentration compared to control (p < 0,05). Povidone iodine solution showed twice as much as inhibitory effect on C. albicans compared to betel leaf extract (20% concentration). It is concluded that povidone iodine solution and betel leaf extract at 20% concentration can inhibit the growth of C. albicans in vitro.Keywords: povidone iodine, betel leaf extract, Candida albicans

scholarly journals In vitro activities of Traganum nudatum and Mentha pulegium extracts combined with amphotericin B against Candida albicans in production of hydrolytic enzymes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikram Tefiani ◽  
Sidi Mohammed Lahbib Seddiki ◽  
Moustafa Yassine Mahdad
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Normal Flora ◽  
Mentha Pulegium ◽  
Hydrolytic Activities

Background and Purpose: Candida albicans is an important microorganism in the normal flora of a healthy subject; however, it has an expedient pathogenic character that induces hydrolytic virulence. Regarding this, the present study aimed to find an in vitro alternative that could reduce the virulence of this yeast. Materials and Methods: For the purpose of the study, the effect of amphotericin B (AmB) combined with the extract of Traganum nudatum (E1) or Mentha pulegium (E2) was evaluated against the hydrolytic activities of esterase, protease, and phospholipase. This effect was determined by calculating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), used to adjust the extract/AmB mixtures in culture media. Results: The evaluated Pz values, which corresponded to the different enzymatic activities, showed a decrease in the hydrolytic activities of C. albicans strains after the addition of E1/AmB and E2/AmB combinations at descending concentrations (lower than the obtained MICs). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it would be possible to reduce the pathogenesis of this species without destabilizing the balance of the flora.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Caspofungin against Candida albicans Biofilms

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 3591-3596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano P. Bachmann ◽  
Kacy VandeWalle ◽  
Gordon Ramage ◽  
Thomas F. Patterson ◽  
Brian L. Wickes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Confocal Scanning ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Candida Albicans Biofilms

ABSTRACT Most manifestations of candidiasis are associated with biofilm formation on biological or inanimate surfaces. Candida albicans biofilms are recalcitrant to treatment with conventional antifungal therapies. Here we report on the activity of caspofungin, a new semisynthetic echinocandin, against C. albicans biofilms. Caspofungin displayed potent in vitro activity against sessile C. albicans cells within biofilms, with MICs at which 50% of the sessile cells were inhibited well within the drug's therapeutic range. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy were used to visualize the effects of caspofungin on preformed C. albicans biofilms, and the results indicated that caspofungin affected the cellular morphology and the metabolic status of cells within the biofilms. The coating of biomaterials with caspofungin had an inhibitory effect on subsequent biofilm development by C. albicans. Together these findings indicate that caspofungin displays potent activity against C. albicans biofilms in vitro and merits further investigation for the treatment of biofilm-associated infections.

scholarly journals Impact of the Order of Initiation of Fluconazole and Amphotericin B in Sequential or Combination Therapy on Killing of Candida albicans In Vitro and in a Rabbit Model of Endocarditis and Pyelonephritis

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold Louie ◽  
Pamela Kaw ◽  
Partha Banerjee ◽  
Weiguo Liu ◽  
George Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Simultaneous Exposure ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT In vitro time-kill studies and a rabbit model of endocarditis and pyelonephritis were used to define the impact that the order of exposure of Candida albicans to fluconazole (FLC) and amphotericin B (AMB), as sequential and combination therapies, had on the susceptibility of C. albicans to AMB and on the outcome. The contribution of FLC-induced resistance to AMB for C. albicans also was assessed. In vitro, AMB monotherapy rapidly killed each of four C. albicans strains; FLC alone was fungistatic. Preincubation of these fungi with FLC for 18 h prior to exposure to AMB decreased their susceptibilities to AMB for 8 to >40 h. Induced resistance to AMB was transient, but the duration of resistance increased with the length of FLC preincubation. Yeast sequentially incubated with FLC followed by AMB plus FLC (FLC→AMB+FLC) showed fungistatic growth kinetics similar to that of fungi that were exposed to FLC alone. This antagonistic effect persisted for at least 24 h. Simultaneous exposure of C. albicans to AMB and FLC [AMB+FLC(simult)] demonstrated activity similar to that with AMB alone for AMB concentrations of ≥1 μg/ml; antagonism was seen using an AMB concentration of 0.5 μg/ml. The in vitro findings accurately predicted outcomes in our rabbit infection model. In vivo, AMB monotherapy and treatment with AMB for 24 h followed by AMB plus FLC (AMB→AMB+FLC) rapidly sterilized kidneys and cardiac vegetations. AMB+FLC(simult) and FLC→AMB treatments were slower in clearing fungi from infected tissues. FLC monotherapy and FLC→AMB+FLC were both fungistatic and were the least active regimens. No adverse interaction was observed between AMB and FLC for the AMB→FLC regimen. However, FLC→AMB treatment was slower than AMB alone in clearing fungi from tissues. Thus, our in vitro and in vivo studies both demonstrate that preexposure of C. albicans to FLC reduces fungal susceptibility to AMB. The length of FLC preexposure and whether AMB is subsequently used alone or in combination with FLC determine the duration of induced resistance to AMB.

scholarly journals Fluconazole plus Cyclosporine: a Fungicidal Combination Effective against Experimental Endocarditis Due to Candida albicans

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 2932-2938 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Marchetti ◽  
J. M. Entenza ◽  
D. Sanglard ◽  
J. Bille ◽  
M. P. Glauser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Cyclosporine A ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Therapeutic Results ◽  
Fluconazole Therapy ◽  
High Doses

ABSTRACT Recent observations demonstrated that fluconazole plus cyclosporine (Cy) synergistically killed Candida albicans in vitro. This combination was tested in rats with C. albicansexperimental endocarditis. The MICs of fluconazole and Cy for the test organism were 0.25 and >10 mg/liter, respectively. Rats were treated for 5 days with either Cy, amphotericin B, fluconazole, or fluconazole-Cy. Although used at high doses, the peak concentrations of fluconazole in the serum of rats (up to 4.5 mg/liter) were compatible with high-dose fluconazole therapy in humans. On the other hand, Cy concentrations in serum (up to 4.5 mg/liter) were greater than recommended therapeutic levels. Untreated rats demonstrated massive pseudohyphal growth in both the vegetations and the kidneys. However, only the kidneys displayed concomitant polymorphonuclear infiltration. The therapeutic results reflected this dissociation. In the vegetations, only the fungicidal fluconazole-Cy combination significantly decreased fungal densities compared to all groups, including amphotericin B (P < 0.0001). In the kidneys, all regimens except the Cy regimen were effective, but fluconazole-Cy remained superior to amphotericin B and fluconazole alone in sterilizing the organs (P < 0.0001). While the mechanism responsible for the fluconazole-Cy interaction is hypothetical, this observation opens new perspectives for fungicidal combinations between azoles and other drugs.

scholarly journals In vitro activity of a new echinocandin, LY303366, compared with those of amphotericin B and fluconazole against clinical yeast isolates.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1156-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Uzun ◽  
S Kocagöz ◽  
Y Cetinkaya ◽  
S Arikan ◽  
S Unal
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

The in vitro activity of LY303366, a new echinocandin derivative, was evaluated with 191 yeast isolates by a broth microdilution method. The MICs at which 50% of the isolates were inhibited were 0.125 microg/ml for Candida albicans and C. tropicalis, 0.25 microg/ml for C. krusei, C. kefyr, and C. glabrata, and 2.0 microg/ml for C. parapsilosis.

scholarly journals Genotypic variation and antifungal susceptibilities of Candida pelliculosa clinical isolates

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Barchiesi ◽  
A M Tortorano ◽  
L Falconi Di Francesco ◽  
A Rigoni ◽  
A Giacometti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Optimal Drug ◽  
Typing Methods ◽  
Dna Types

At the Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico, Ospedale Maggiore di Milano, Italy, Candida pelliculosa accounted for 3.3 and 4.4 % of all Candida species other than Candida albicans collected during 1996 and 1998, respectively. Genetic variability was investigated by electrophoretic karyotyping and inter-repeat PCR, and the susceptibility to five antifungal agents of 46 strains isolated from 37 patients during these 2 years was determined. Combination of the two typing methods yielded 14 different DNA types. Although the majority of DNA types were randomly distributed among different units, one DNA type was significantly more common in patients hospitalized in a given unit compared with those from other wards (P = 0.034), whereas another DNA type was more frequently isolated in patients hospitalized during 1996 than in those hospitalized during 1998 (P = 0.002). Fluconazole, itraconazole and posaconazole MIC90 values were 16, 1 and 4 μg ml−1, respectively. All isolates but three were susceptible in vitro to flucytosine. All isolates were susceptible in vitro to amphotericin B. These data suggest that there are possible relationships among strains of C. pelliculosa, wards and time of isolation. Amphotericin B seems to be the optimal drug therapy in infections due to this yeast species.

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