Maintaining cultures of ectomycorrhizal and plant pathogenic fungi in sterile water cold storage

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald H. Marx ◽  
William J. Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Agar Medium ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Symbiotic Fungi ◽  
Petri Dishes

Mycelial cultures of 64 isolates of 14 species of ectomycorrhizal fungi and 27 isolates of 15 species of plant pathogenic fungi were grown on agar medium in Petri dishes. Mycelial discs, 8 mm in diameter, were removed from the cultures and stored in sterile distilled water in test tubes at 5 °C. Sixty-four, 61, and 41 isolates of the symbiotic fungi were viable after 1, 2, and 3 years storage respectively. Only 19, 10, and 8 isolates of the pathogenic fungi were viable after 1, 2, and 3 years storage, respectively. Time in pure culture before water storage did not affect viability of any fungal species following water storage. After 3 years storage, four fungi (three symbionts and one pathogen) were tested and found to have retained their original growth rates and root-infecting abilities on pine seedlings. The same four isolates, however, maintained on agar slants at 5 °C and subcultured every 4 to 6 months, grew slower and did not infect as many feeder roots of pine as the water-stored isolates.

scholarly journals Plant Pathogenic Fungi Associated with Coraebus florentinus (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) Attacks in Declining Oak Forests

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Pinna ◽  
Benedetto T. Linaldeddu ◽  
Vitale Deiana ◽  
Lucia Maddau ◽  
Lucio Montecchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Coraebus Florentinus

The black-banded oak borer, Coraebus florentinus, is an emerging pest of oak trees in the western Mediterranean region. Larvae of the insect are xylophagous and progressively excavate an annular gallery that interrupts sap flow, resulting in the death of the attacked branches. Until now, limited information has been available regarding the ecological interactions between C. florentinus and the main plant pathogenic fungi involved in the etiology of oak decline. Knowledge of these interactions is important in understanding their impact in natural ecosystems and developing appropriate management strategies. Therefore, in this study, we characterized the fungal communities occurring in the exoskeleton of adults and larvae of C. florentinus and associated with the necrotic wood tissues surrounding the branch galleries of declining oak trees. A total of 29 fungal species were identified based on DNA sequence data and morphological features, of which 14 were from symptomatic woody tissues, six from insect exoskeleton, and nine from both insects and symptomatic wood tissues. The most frequent fungal species, Cryphonectria naterciae (15.9% of isolates), Dothiorella iberica (11.3%), and Diplodia corticola (9.9%), were isolated from both insect and gallery systems. All three species are well-known oak pathogens and are reported here, for the first time, to be associated with C. florentinus. At the same time, 89.6% of the fungal taxa were isolated from one or two sites, highlighting the site-dependence of fungal community assemblages.

Effect of sodium chloride and seawater in Sabouraud dextrose agar medium on some human-pathogenic fungi

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (21) ◽  
pp. 2418-2421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Comfort A. Ekundayo
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Sabouraud Dextrose Agar ◽  
Colony Diameter ◽  
Sterile Seawater ◽  
Fungal Isolates

Nine human-pathogenic fungal isolates from Nigeria were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar prepared with seawater and solutions containing different concentrations of sodium chloride. Growth was determined by measuring colony diameter after incubation for a maximum of 15 days at 30 °C. The fungi grew and sporulated on seawater, Sabouraud dextrose agar, and Sabouraud dextrose agar containing up to 3.4% NaCl. Growth, however, decreased with increasing concentrations of sodium chloride in the basal medium. Little or no growth occurred in media containing 6.4% NaCl.Aspergillus fumigatus Link, Candida albicans (Robin) Berkh, and Geotrichum candidum Link remained viable for up to 8 weeks in distilled water, 0.85 and 1.7% NaCl solutions, 5 weeks in 3.4% NaCl and sterile seawater, and 4 weeks in 6.8% NaCl.

scholarly journals Hydrangea macrophylla Flower Spot Caused by Botrytis cinerea in Buenos Aires

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 1160-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Rivera ◽  
D. E. Morisigue ◽  
S. E. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Hydrangea Macrophylla ◽  
Polyethylene Bags

During the spring of 2003, flower spots were observed on French hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) DC) in CETEFFHO-INTA-JICA experimental greenhouses in Castelar, Argentina. Brown, irregular spots randomly distributed on petals were detected on an old, whiteflowering variety of unknown origin, cultivated by growers. Small pieces of diseased tissue were surface disinfested with 2% NaOCl, plated on 2% potato dextrose agar (PDA) with pH 7, and incubated at 22 to 24°C. Dense, whitish mycelium developed within 48 h and turned gray after 72 h. Conidia were ellipsoid, hyaline, nonseptate, and formed in botryose heads. Spores from 10-day-old colonies that were developed on PDA in test tubes were removed with 4 ml of sterile water per tube. Prior to inoculation, inflorescences were detached and placed in water-filled glass vases. To test pathogenicity, eight healthy inflorescences were sprayed with a 5-ml suspension (2 × 104 conidia per ml of sterile distilled water). Another eight healthy inflorescences were sprayed with sterile distilled water. The inflorescences were maintained at 21°C and covered with polyethylene bags that were removed after 3 days. Brown, circular-to-irregular spots appeared on petals 5 days after inoculation, became coalescent, and covered 50 to 60% of each inflorescence in 8 days. Gray mold consisting of black conidiophores and gray-in-mass conidia was observed 3 days after the development of the symptoms. Controls remained symptomless. The same pathogen was recovered from inoculated flowers and was identified as Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr. (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of this fungus on Hydrangea macrophylla in Argentina. Reference: (1) M. V. Ellis and J. M. Waller. Sclerotinia fuckeliana (condial state: Botrytis cinerea).No. 431 in: Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria, CMI, Kew, Surrey, UK, 1974.

scholarly journals Improved Microassays Used to Test Natural Product-Based and Conventional Fungicides on Plant Pathogenic Fungi

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maritza Abril ◽  
Kenneth J. Curry ◽  
Barbara J. Smith ◽  
David E. Wedge
Keyword(s):  
Natural Product ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Germination Inhibition ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Germ Tubes

Seven important plant pathogenic fungi (Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum, C. fragariae, C. gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Phomopsis obscurans, and P. viticola) valuable in screening fungicides were tested. Our procedure included washing conidia to reduce germination times, incorporating Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 as a medium of known composition, and using coverslips in the 24-well cell culture clusters to document the effect of fungicides on fungal morphology. The natural product-based fungicide, sampangine, a sampangine analog, 4-bromosampangine, plus seven conventional fungicides (benomyl, captan, cyprodinil, fenbuconazole, fenhexamid, iprodione, and kresoxim-methyl) were tested in vitro for their ability to inhibit germination and growth of the seven fungal species. Sampangine inhibited germination in all fungi except C. acutatum. Comparison of results of germination and morphology microbioassays with results of microtiter assays suggests that some fungicides stop fungal germination, whereas others only slow down fungal growth. We hypothesize that sampangine, except against C. acutatum, has the same physical mode of action, germination inhibition, as the conventional fungicides captan, iprodione, and kresoxim-methyl. 4-Bromosampangine caused morphological anomalies including excessive branching of germ tubes of C. fragariae and splaying and branching of germ tubes of B. cinerea.

Are species concepts outdated for fungi? Intraspecific variation in plant-pathogenic fungi illustrates the need for subspecific categorization.

2021 ◽  
pp. 301-319
Author(s):  
Enrique Monte ◽  
Rosa Hermosa ◽  
María del Mar Jiménez-Gasco ◽  
Rafael M. Jiménez-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi

Abstract Precise naming of a species is very important for phytopathogenic fungi because names may carry key information for the management of the fungal diseases. Naming fungal species based on morphological traits or biological properties is outdated and unreliable. This chapter provides the classification of some plant pathogenic fungi including Rhizoctonia solani, Colletotrichum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Verticillum based on morphological, pathogenicity, molecular and phylogenetic analysis. Debate on species identification is no longer a question of being in favour of 'splitters' rather than of 'lumpers', but defining phytopathogenic species is particularly complicated and requires further consideration of subspecific categorizations.

Revival of saprotrophic and mycorrhizal basidiomycete cultures after 30 years in cold storage in sterile water

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 932-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana L. Richter ◽  
Thomas G. Dixon ◽  
Jill K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Laccaria Bicolor ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Laccaria Laccata ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Maximum Limit

Vegetatively colonized agar cores of 54 basidiomycete fungal isolates were stored at 5 °C in tubes of sterile distilled water without manipulation for 30 years. The cultures represented 28 isolates of saprotrophic fungi and 26 isolates of mycorrhizal fungi. These cultures came from a group of 57 fungal isolates that were determined to be viable after 20 years of cold-water storage. Overall, 47 of the 54 isolates (87%) grew vigorously when revived after storage for 30 years. Of the 28 saprotrophic fungal isolates, 26 revived (93%); of the 26 mycorrhizal fungal isolates, 21 revived (81%). Eight of 13 isolates (62%) of Laccaria were viable after 30 years, which was considerably less viable than what was found after 20 years for this genus of mycorrhizal fungi. However, a greater percentage of isolates of Laccaria bicolor (83%) were viable than isolates of Laccaria laccata (43%), suggesting that 30 years is approaching the maximum limit for storage in cold sterile water for certain species. Considering the original 135 fungal isolates that were stored in sterile cold water from which this set was derived, overall survival after 30 years of storage was 42%; however, saprotrophic fungi demonstrated considerably greater viability (70%) than mycorrhizal fungi (21%).

Fungal Phytotoxins in Sustainable Weed Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Vurro ◽  
Angela Boari ◽  
Francesca Casella ◽  
Maria Chiara Zonno
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Toxic Metabolites

Fungal phytotoxins are natural secondary metabolites produced by plant pathogenic fungi during host–pathogen interactions. They have received considerable particular attention for elucidating disease etiology, and consequently to design strategies for disease control. Due to wide differences in their chemical structures, these toxic metabolites have different ecological and environmental roles and mechanisms of action. This review aims at summarizing the studies on the possible use of these metabolites as tools in biological and integrated weed management, e.g. as: novel and environmentally friendly herbicides; lead for novel compounds; sources of novel mechanisms of action. Moreover, the limiting factors for utilizing those metabolites in practice will also be briefly discussed.

First record of Pestalotiopsis spp. from affected leaves of mastic shrubs (Pestacia lentiscus L.) in northeastern of Libya.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (08) ◽  
pp. 4744
Author(s):  
Zahra Ibrahim El-Gali
Keyword(s):  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
First Record ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Pistacia Lentiscus ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Al Jabal Al Akhdar ◽  
First Time

This study was carried out to identify the unknown different symptoms and their causes as plant pathogenic fungi from Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar District. Plant materials with fungal signs and symptoms were collected and examined. The main fungi consistently isolated from symptomatic leaves and twigs were Pestalotiopsis spp. Morphology, colony characteristics, and pathogenicity of the isolates were examined. My report the occurrence of Pestalotiopsis spp. on leaves of mastic (Pistacia lentiscus) for the first time in Libya.

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