Pathogenesis of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus infection in bovine fetal tracheal organ cultures

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 839-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wha-Kiam Chia ◽  
M. Savan
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cytopathic Effect ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Epithelial Layer ◽  
Organ Cultures ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Antibody Preparations ◽  
Ciliated Epithelial Cells ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

Bovine fetal tracheal organ cultures were infected with a field strain of IBR virus and the effect of the virus was assessed by observing ciliary activity and cytopathic changes in unstained, hematoxylin-eosin-stained, and fluorescent-labeled antibody preparations of the culture system. The virus was quantitated in bovine fetal kidney cell cultures. The IBR virus was first detected in infected organ cultures at 8–12 h postinoculation and persisted for at least 23 days. A decrease in ciliary activity was not observed until 48 h postinoculation, at the same time that the first signs of cytopathic effect was seen in the unstained cultures. The viral infection first appeared as discrete foci of rounded cells on the epithelial surface, but then spread from cell to cell beneath the ciliated epithelial cells leading to early degeneration of the non-ciliated epithelial cells and microvesiculation which eventually resulted in a massive sloughing of the whole epithelial layer. The virus was not limited to the epithelial layer but infected a variety of cell types among the submucosal and connective tissue components of the organ cultures.

scholarly journals Histochemical structure and immunolocalisation of the hyaluronan system in the dromedary oviduct

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omnia Mohey-Elsaeed ◽  
Waleed F. A. Marei ◽  
Ali A. Fouladi-Nashta ◽  
Abdel-Aleem A. El-Saba
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Ciliated Epithelial Cells ◽  
Oviductal Fluid ◽  
Local Modulation

We investigated the local modulation of some histochemical properties of oviducts of the dromedary (Camelus dromedarius), focusing on the immnolocalisation of hyaluronic acid (HA) synthases (HAS2 and HAS3), hyaluronidases (HYAL2 and HYAL1) and the HA receptor CD44 in the ampulla and isthmus. Abundant acidic mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) were detected by Alcian blue staining along the luminal surface of both ciliated and non-ciliated epithelial cells (LE). Staining for HAS2 was higher in the primary epithelial folds of the ampulla compared with the isthmus, especially in secretory cells, adluminal epithelial surface and supranuclear cell domain. HAS3 staining was stronger in the LE of the isthmus than ampulla. HYAL2 was detected in the LE in the ampulla and isthmus and was more intense in the adluminal projections of secretory cells. HYAL1 was weakly detected in the LE with no difference between the ampulla and isthmus. Strong CD44 immunostaining was present in the LE of the ampulla and isthmus. CD44 staining was higher in secretory cells than in ciliated epithelial cells and was higher in the supranuclear region than the basal region of the cytoplasm. In conclusion, we provide evidence that HA synthesis and turnover occur in the camel oviduct. Differences in HAS2 and HAS3 expression suggest regional differences in the molecular size of HA secreted in oviductal fluid that may influence oviduct–gamete interaction in the camel.

scholarly journals Single cell RNA sequencing identifies IGFBP5 and QKI as ciliated epithelial cell genes associated with severe COPD

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuying Li ◽  
Guillaume Noell ◽  
Tracy Tabib ◽  
Alyssa D. Gregory ◽  
Humberto E. Trejo Bittar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Single Cell Rna Sequencing ◽  
Ciliated Epithelial Cells ◽  
Severe Copd

Abstract Background Whole lung tissue transcriptomic profiling studies in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have led to the identification of several genes associated with the severity of airflow limitation and/or the presence of emphysema, however, the cell types driving these gene expression signatures remain unidentified. Methods To determine cell specific transcriptomic changes in severe COPD, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA seq) on n = 29,961 cells from the peripheral lung parenchymal tissue of nonsmoking subjects without underlying lung disease (n = 3) and patients with severe COPD (n = 3). The cell type composition and cell specific gene expression signature was assessed. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to identify the specific cell types contributing to the previously reported transcriptomic signatures. Results T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding and clustering of scRNA seq data revealed a total of 17 distinct populations. Among them, the populations with more differentially expressed genes in cases vs. controls (log fold change >|0.4| and FDR = 0.05) were: monocytes (n = 1499); macrophages (n = 868) and ciliated epithelial cells (n = 590), respectively. Using GSEA, we found that only ciliated and cytotoxic T cells manifested a trend towards enrichment of the previously reported 127 regional emphysema gene signatures (normalized enrichment score [NES] = 1.28 and = 1.33, FDR = 0.085 and = 0.092 respectively). Among the significantly altered genes present in ciliated epithelial cells of the COPD lungs, QKI and IGFBP5 protein levels were also found to be altered in the COPD lungs. Conclusions scRNA seq is useful for identifying transcriptional changes and possibly individual protein levels that may contribute to the development of emphysema in a cell-type specific manner.

scholarly journals Single Cell RNA Sequencing Identifies IGFBP5 And QKI In Ciliated Epithelial Cell Genes Associated With Severe COPD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuying Li ◽  
Guillaume Noell ◽  
Tracy Tabib ◽  
Alyssa D Gregory ◽  
Humberto E Trejo Bittar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Single Cell Rna Sequencing ◽  
Ciliated Epithelial Cells ◽  
Severe Copd

Abstract Background: Whole lung tissue transcriptomic profiling studies in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have led to the identification of several genes associated with the severity of airflow limitation and/or the presence of emphysema, however, the cell types driving these gene expression signatures remain unidentified.Methods: To determine cell specific transcriptomic changes in severe COPD, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA seq) on n= 29,961 cells from the peripheral lung parenchymal tissue of nonsmoking subjects without underlying lung disease (n=3) and patients with severe COPD (n=3). The cell type composition and cell specific gene expression signature was assessed. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to identify the specific cell types contributing to the previously reported transcriptomic signatures.Results: T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding and clustering of scRNA seq data revealed a total of 17 distinct populations. Among them, the populations with more differentially expressed genes in cases vs. controls (log fold change >|0.4| and FDR=0.05) were: monocytes (n=1499); macrophages (n=868) and ciliated epithelial cells (n= 590), respectively. Using GSEA, we found that only ciliated and cytotoxic T cells manifested a trend towards enrichment of the previously reported 127 regional emphysema gene signatures (normalized enrichment score [NES] = 1.28 and =1.33, FDR= 0.085 and =0.092 respectively). Among the significantly altered genes present in ciliated epithelial cells of the COPD lungs, QKI and IGFBP5 protein levels were also found to be altered in the COPD lungs. Conclusions: scRNA seq is useful to identify transcriptional changes and possibly individual protein levels that may contribute to the development of emphysema in a cell-type specific manner.

135 GLANDS IN THE OVIDUCTAL MUCOSA OF THE MARE

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Aguilar ◽  
J. Cuervo-Arango ◽  
C. Mas ◽  
M. Reyley ◽  
M. B. Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Alveolar Type ◽  
Optical Fields ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Reproductive Process ◽  
Domestic Species ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Glandular Structures ◽  
Ciliated Epithelial Cells

The oviduct plays a key role in the reproductive process in mammals allowing transport, reservoir, and capacitation of sperm (Hunter RH 2008 Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75, 167-174), fertilization, and early embryo development among other events. The oviductal mucosa is organized in a vast net of folds that projects towards the lumen (Trautman A and Fiebiger J 1952 Comstock. Publ. Assoc., Ithaca, NY, USA). In a preliminary study, the presence of some glandular structures in the oviductal mucosa was noticed. Detailed histological studies have incredibly not been described in the mare. The objective of this work was to study the presence of glands in the mare’s oviduct. Mares, in good body condition, 3 to 14 years old, were selected at a local slaughterhouse. Reproductive status was determined by transrectal palpation and ultrasonography. Mares were selected in anovulatory phase (n = 8), in estrus (n = 7), at Day 1 to 2 post-ovulation (n = 6) and in diestrus at Day 7 to 8 post-ovulation (n = 7). Reproductive tracts were harvested immediately following slaughter and were placed on ice. Oviductal samples of 1.5 cm were taken from the ampulla, the ampullary-isthmic junction (AIJ), and the isthmus and placed in formalin for fixation and subsequent process for hematoxylin-eosin stain. The number of glands was counted at ×400 in 5 optical fields and was compared by non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. Glandular structures were observed in 100% of the oviducts. These glands were alveolar type and resembled those in the endometrium. The glands showed 2 locations: in the periphery of the mucosa (peripheral glands) and within the thickness of the mucosa folds. The peripheral glands were more abundant than those within the mucosa folds (P < 0.001). The amount of glands decreased progressively from the ampulla (5.7/5 fields) to the AIJ (4.5) to reach a minimum number in the isthmus (0.2; P < 0.05). For each oviductal region, the amount of glands did not change through the different reproductive stages (P > 0.05). The epithelium of these glands was formed by ciliated and non-ciliated epithelial cells arranged in a similar way of the epithelial surface. However, the peripheral glands were stained with lighter intensity than the epithelial cells in the mucosal surface. In all literature searched, which included several textbooks of veterinary histology, no reference to glands in the oviducts of several domestic species including the mare was found. In contrast, glands in the oviduct have been described in birds (Richardson KC 1935 Biol. Sci. 225, 149-195) where they produce albumen and the eggshell membranes, and interestingly, one article about the oviduct of the bitch (Steinhauer N et al. 2004 Reprod. Domest. Anim. 39, 110-119) showed evidence of glands in this organ. In the mare, these oviductal glands probably add a distinct secretion of the oviductal surface to the tubal fluid since they show different chromatic affinity. Further investigation is needed to understand the function of these glands in the mare oviductal physiology.

scholarly journals Coherent directed movement toward food modeled in Trichoplax, a ciliated animal lacking a nervous system

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (18) ◽  
pp. 8901-8908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn L. Smith ◽  
Thomas S. Reese ◽  
Tzipe Govezensky ◽  
Rafael A. Barrio
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Marine Animal ◽  
Directed Movement ◽  
Trichoplax Adhaerens ◽  
Modeling Behavior ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Ciliated Epithelial Cells

Trichoplax adhaerens is a small, ciliated marine animal that glides on surfaces grazing upon algae, which it digests externally. It has no muscles or nervous system and only six cell types, all but two of which are embedded in its epithelium. The epithelial cells are joined by apical adherens junctions; neither tight junctions nor gap junctions are present. Monociliated epithelial cells on the lower surface propel gliding. The cilia beat regularly, but asynchronously, and transiently contact the substrate with each stroke. The animal moves in random directions in the absence of food. We show here that it exhibits chemotaxis, moving preferentially toward algae embedded in a disk of agar. We present a mathematical model to explain how coherent, directional movements could arise from the collective actions of a set of ciliated epithelial cells, each independently sensing and responding to a chemoattractant gradient. The model incorporates realistic values for viscoelastic properties of cells and produces coordinated movements and changes in body shape that resemble the actual movements of the animal. The model demonstrates that an animal can move coherently in search of food without any need for chemical signaling between cells and introduces a different approach to modeling behavior in primitive multicellular organisms.

Effects of α-Toxin ofStaphylococcus aureuson the Ciliary Activity and Ultrastructure of Human Nasal Ciliated Epithelial Cells

1999 ◽  
Vol 109 (12) ◽  
pp. 2021-2024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeong-Seok Yun ◽  
Yang-Gi Min ◽  
Chae-Seo Rhee ◽  
In-Ho Jung ◽  
Young Yull Koh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Ciliated Epithelial Cells

Distribution of desmosomal proteins in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells and epithelial cell derivatives

1992 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
K.T. Trevor ◽  
L.S. Steben
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Embryonal Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Ec Cells ◽  
Steady State Levels ◽  
F9 Embryonal Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Triton X

In diverse epithelia, cytoskeletal keratin intermediate filaments (IFs) associated with the cytoplasmic face of intercellular junctional desmosomes. The processes underlying desmosome formation and keratin IF interactions remain unclear. We have examined F9 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell differentiation as a model for embryonic development of epithelial surface desmosomes. As determined by immunofluorescence microscopy and biochemical protein techniques, F9 EC cells, which lack surface desmosomes and keratin IFs, express the desmosomal proteins desmoplakins I and II (DP I/II), desmoglein I (DG I) and plakoglobin (PK). DP I/II are present at low level and are relatively soluble in buffer containing Triton X-100. Immunofluorescence localizes DP I/II to the juxtanuclear, centrosomal region. Species of DG I and PK are detected in both the Triton X-100-soluble and -insoluble protein fractions. DG I appears dispersed throughout the cell while PK resides at cell-cell boundaries. In epithelial cell cultures induced by retinoic acid (RA) treatment, each of the desmosomal proteins is organized into punctate desmosome-like structures with the appearance of simple epithelial K8/K18 IFs. The steady-state levels of DP I/II and PK increase with a partitioning of the majority of the desmosomal components into the insoluble fraction. In epithelial cells which lack distinct surface desmosomes, an intracellular association of keratin bundles with DP I/II is observed, suggesting that keratin filaments may facilitate the translocation of these desmosomal components to the cell surface. Parietal endoderm-like cells, derived by treatment with RA and dibutyryl cAMP, are analogous to F9 EC cells in that the cells express desmosomal components and do not display surface desmosomes. Moreover, K8 and K18 do not form distinct filaments, and the protein and RNA levels of K8 are low relative to epithelial cells induced by RA alone. The F9 system appears to be a relevant model for studies of desmosome assembly and the potential interactions of desmosomal proteins and keratin IFs in embryonic epithelial cell types.

Electron Microscopic Study of the Epithelium of the Seminal Vesicle of Aging Rats

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 138-139
Author(s):  
V. F. Allison ◽  
G. C. Fink ◽  
G. W. Cearley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Epithelial Layer ◽  
Epithelial Hyperplasia ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Aging Rats ◽  
Pseudostratified Epithelium

It is well known that epithelial hyperplasia (benign hypertrophy) is common in the aging prostate of dogs and man. In contrast, little evidence is available for abnormal epithelial cell growth in seminal vesicles of aging animals. Recently, enlarged seminal vesicles were reported in senescent mice, however, that enlargement resulted from increased storage of secretion in the lumen and occurred concomitant to epithelial hypoplasia in that species.The present study is concerned with electron microscopic observations of changes occurring in the pseudostratified epithelium of the seminal vescles of aging rats. Special attention is given to certain non-epithelial cells which have entered the epithelial layer.

Effect of Calcium on the Growth and Differentiation of Cultured Rat Esophageal Epithelial Cells

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
W.T. Gunning ◽  
M.R. Marino ◽  
M.S. Babcock ◽  
G.D. Stoner
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Replication Rate ◽  
Enzymatic Dissociation ◽  
Growth Assay ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Fetal Bovine ◽  
Esophageal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cellular Replication

The role of calcium in modulating cellular replication and differentiation has been described for various cell types. In the present study, the effects of Ca++ on the growth and differentiation of cultured rat esophageal epithelial cells was investigated.Epithelial cells were isolated from esophagi taken from 8 week-old male CDF rats by the enzymatic dissociation method of Kaighn. The cells were cultured in PFMR-4 medium supplemented with 0.25 mg/ml dialyzed fetal bovine serum, 5 ng/ml epidermal growth factor, 10-6 M hydrocortisone 10-6 M phosphoethanolamine, 10-6 M ethanolamine, 5 pg/ml insulin, 5 ng/ml transferrin, 10 ng/ml cholera toxin and 50 ng/ml garamycin at 36.5°C in a humidified atmosphere of 3% CO2 in air. At weekly intervals, the cells were subcultured with a solution containing 1% polyvinylpyrrolidone, 0.01% EGTA, and 0.05% trypsin. After various passages, the replication rate of the cells in PFMR-4 medium containing from 10-6 M to 10-3 M Ca++ was determined using a clonal growth assay.

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