scholarly journals Histochemical structure and immunolocalisation of the hyaluronan system in the dromedary oviduct

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omnia Mohey-Elsaeed ◽  
Waleed F. A. Marei ◽  
Ali A. Fouladi-Nashta ◽  
Abdel-Aleem A. El-Saba
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Ciliated Epithelial Cells ◽  
Oviductal Fluid ◽  
Local Modulation

We investigated the local modulation of some histochemical properties of oviducts of the dromedary (Camelus dromedarius), focusing on the immnolocalisation of hyaluronic acid (HA) synthases (HAS2 and HAS3), hyaluronidases (HYAL2 and HYAL1) and the HA receptor CD44 in the ampulla and isthmus. Abundant acidic mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) were detected by Alcian blue staining along the luminal surface of both ciliated and non-ciliated epithelial cells (LE). Staining for HAS2 was higher in the primary epithelial folds of the ampulla compared with the isthmus, especially in secretory cells, adluminal epithelial surface and supranuclear cell domain. HAS3 staining was stronger in the LE of the isthmus than ampulla. HYAL2 was detected in the LE in the ampulla and isthmus and was more intense in the adluminal projections of secretory cells. HYAL1 was weakly detected in the LE with no difference between the ampulla and isthmus. Strong CD44 immunostaining was present in the LE of the ampulla and isthmus. CD44 staining was higher in secretory cells than in ciliated epithelial cells and was higher in the supranuclear region than the basal region of the cytoplasm. In conclusion, we provide evidence that HA synthesis and turnover occur in the camel oviduct. Differences in HAS2 and HAS3 expression suggest regional differences in the molecular size of HA secreted in oviductal fluid that may influence oviduct–gamete interaction in the camel.

scholarly journals Morphological description of ovary and uterus of the nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum) caught off at the Fortaleza coast, Northeast Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 997-1004
Author(s):  
Mariana G. Rêgo ◽  
Maria Lucia G. Araujo ◽  
Maria Edna G. Barros ◽  
Lorena D’Andrade Aires ◽  
Paulo G.V. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Nurse Shark ◽  
Ginglymostoma Cirratum ◽  
Uterine Mucosa ◽  
Elasmobranch Species

ABSTRACT: The nurse shark, Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre, 1778) is one of the most studied species of elasmobranchs. However, the knowledge of their reproductive biology is still relatively rare, particularly in the western South Atlantic. This study aimed to describe the morphology of the uterus and the ovary of G. cirratum, based on specimens caught off at the Fortaleza/CE coast, northeast Brazil. Samples were collected from September 2012 to June 2013, from regular landings of artisanal fishing, which commercialize this species freely. A total of ten females were collected. The methodologies followed for analyzing the ovaries and uterus of those females included both macroscopic and histological analysis. G. cirratum has internal type ovary morphology, with invaginations of connective tissue, which defines compartments and separate oocyte groups in ovigerous lots. The epithelium lining the ovary changes from simple columnar ciliated in the area without ovigerous lots, which turns into a simple cubic epithelium in the coating portion of the epigonal organ where ovarian tissue is absent. The uterine mucosa has secretory cells denoted by Alcian Blue staining, indicating the production of mucopolysaccharides, even in immature individuals. This lecithotrophic shark has a uterine vascularized mucosa that is one characteristic of viviparous elasmobranch species.

135 GLANDS IN THE OVIDUCTAL MUCOSA OF THE MARE

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Aguilar ◽  
J. Cuervo-Arango ◽  
C. Mas ◽  
M. Reyley ◽  
M. B. Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Alveolar Type ◽  
Optical Fields ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Reproductive Process ◽  
Domestic Species ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Glandular Structures ◽  
Ciliated Epithelial Cells

The oviduct plays a key role in the reproductive process in mammals allowing transport, reservoir, and capacitation of sperm (Hunter RH 2008 Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75, 167-174), fertilization, and early embryo development among other events. The oviductal mucosa is organized in a vast net of folds that projects towards the lumen (Trautman A and Fiebiger J 1952 Comstock. Publ. Assoc., Ithaca, NY, USA). In a preliminary study, the presence of some glandular structures in the oviductal mucosa was noticed. Detailed histological studies have incredibly not been described in the mare. The objective of this work was to study the presence of glands in the mare’s oviduct. Mares, in good body condition, 3 to 14 years old, were selected at a local slaughterhouse. Reproductive status was determined by transrectal palpation and ultrasonography. Mares were selected in anovulatory phase (n = 8), in estrus (n = 7), at Day 1 to 2 post-ovulation (n = 6) and in diestrus at Day 7 to 8 post-ovulation (n = 7). Reproductive tracts were harvested immediately following slaughter and were placed on ice. Oviductal samples of 1.5 cm were taken from the ampulla, the ampullary-isthmic junction (AIJ), and the isthmus and placed in formalin for fixation and subsequent process for hematoxylin-eosin stain. The number of glands was counted at ×400 in 5 optical fields and was compared by non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. Glandular structures were observed in 100% of the oviducts. These glands were alveolar type and resembled those in the endometrium. The glands showed 2 locations: in the periphery of the mucosa (peripheral glands) and within the thickness of the mucosa folds. The peripheral glands were more abundant than those within the mucosa folds (P < 0.001). The amount of glands decreased progressively from the ampulla (5.7/5 fields) to the AIJ (4.5) to reach a minimum number in the isthmus (0.2; P < 0.05). For each oviductal region, the amount of glands did not change through the different reproductive stages (P > 0.05). The epithelium of these glands was formed by ciliated and non-ciliated epithelial cells arranged in a similar way of the epithelial surface. However, the peripheral glands were stained with lighter intensity than the epithelial cells in the mucosal surface. In all literature searched, which included several textbooks of veterinary histology, no reference to glands in the oviducts of several domestic species including the mare was found. In contrast, glands in the oviduct have been described in birds (Richardson KC 1935 Biol. Sci. 225, 149-195) where they produce albumen and the eggshell membranes, and interestingly, one article about the oviduct of the bitch (Steinhauer N et al. 2004 Reprod. Domest. Anim. 39, 110-119) showed evidence of glands in this organ. In the mare, these oviductal glands probably add a distinct secretion of the oviductal surface to the tubal fluid since they show different chromatic affinity. Further investigation is needed to understand the function of these glands in the mare oviductal physiology.

Spontaneous release of submucosal gland serous and mucous cell macromolecules from human nasal explants in vitro

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (4) ◽  
pp. L595-L600
Author(s):  
M. Ali ◽  
J. Maniscalco ◽  
J. N. Baraniuk
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Mucous Cell ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
Serous Cell ◽  
Respiratory Cells ◽  
Mucosal Explants ◽  
Respiratory Epithelial

Respiratory epithelial and gland cells cultured in vitro demonstrate changes from differentiated serous and mucous cells toward intermediate "seromucous" cells. This spontaneous process was examined by culturing human nasal mucosal explants in CMRL 1066 medium without growth factors for 6 days and measuring the concentrations of spontaneously released serous cell products [lactoferrin, lysozyme, 7F10-immunoreactive mucoglycoconjugates (7F10-irm)] and Alcian blue-staining mucous cell products. 7F10-irm was progressively and significantly increased on each day of culture. In contrast, lysozyme, lactoferrin, and Alcian blue-staining material decreased significantly. Each had its own pattern of decreasing release. Dexamethasone (1 microM) had no effect on these trends. Phorbol myristate ester (PMA; 100 nM) reduced 7F10-irm release on days 4-6 and delayed the drop in lactoferrin release. Dexamethasone blunted these effects of PMA. These data indicate that respiratory secretory cells alter their phenotypes when cultured in vitro and progressively change the relative amounts of mucoglycoconjugates and proteins spontaneously released. These changes should be anticipated when interpreting experiments involving cultured respiratory cells.

Pathogenesis of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus infection in bovine fetal tracheal organ cultures

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 839-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wha-Kiam Chia ◽  
M. Savan
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cytopathic Effect ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Epithelial Layer ◽  
Organ Cultures ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Antibody Preparations ◽  
Ciliated Epithelial Cells ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

Bovine fetal tracheal organ cultures were infected with a field strain of IBR virus and the effect of the virus was assessed by observing ciliary activity and cytopathic changes in unstained, hematoxylin-eosin-stained, and fluorescent-labeled antibody preparations of the culture system. The virus was quantitated in bovine fetal kidney cell cultures. The IBR virus was first detected in infected organ cultures at 8–12 h postinoculation and persisted for at least 23 days. A decrease in ciliary activity was not observed until 48 h postinoculation, at the same time that the first signs of cytopathic effect was seen in the unstained cultures. The viral infection first appeared as discrete foci of rounded cells on the epithelial surface, but then spread from cell to cell beneath the ciliated epithelial cells leading to early degeneration of the non-ciliated epithelial cells and microvesiculation which eventually resulted in a massive sloughing of the whole epithelial layer. The virus was not limited to the epithelial layer but infected a variety of cell types among the submucosal and connective tissue components of the organ cultures.

scholarly journals Natural Herbal Estrogen-Mimetics (Phytoestrogens) Promote the Differentiation of Fallopian Tube Epithelium into Multi-Ciliated Cells via Estrogen Receptor Beta

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Maobi Zhu ◽  
Sen Takeda ◽  
Tomohiko Iwano
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Fallopian Tube ◽  
Ciliated Cell ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Beta ◽  
Notch Pathway ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Receptor Beta

Phytoestrogens are herbal polyphenolic compounds that exert various estrogen-like effects in animals and can be taken in easily from a foodstuff in daily life. The fallopian tube lumen, where transportation of the oocyte occurs, is lined with secretory cells and multi-ciliated epithelial cells. Recently, we showed that estrogen induces multi-ciliogenesis in the porcine fallopian tube epithelial cells (FTECs) through the activation of the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) pathway and simultaneous inhibition of the Notch pathway. Thus, ingested phytoestrogens may induce FTEC ciliogenesis and thereby affect the fecundity. To address this issue, we added isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, or glycitin) and coumestan (coumestrol) to primary culture FTECs under air–liquid interface conditions and assessed the effects of each compound. All phytoestrogens except glycitin induced multi-ciliated cell differentiation, which followed Notch signal downregulation. On the contrary, the differentiation of secretory cells decreased slightly. Furthermore, genistein and daidzein had a slight effect on the proportion of proliferating cells exhibited by Ki67 expression. Ciliated-cell differentiation is inhibited by the ERβ antagonist, PHTPP. Thus, this study suggests that phytoestrogens can improve the fallopian tube epithelial sheet homeostasis by facilitating the genesis of multi-ciliated cells and this effect depends on the ERβ-mediated pathway.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN FINE STRUCTURE DURING SILK PROTEIN PRODUCTION IN THE AMPULLATE GLAND OF THE SPIDER ARANEUS SERICATUS

1969 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 284-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen L. Bell ◽  
David B. Peakall
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Silk Gland ◽  
The Body ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
The Web ◽  
Tunica Intima

The ampullate silk gland of the spider, Araneus sericatus, produces the silk fiber for the scaffolding of the web. The fine structure of the various parts of the gland is described. The distal portion of the duct consist of a tube of epithelial cells which appear to secrete a substance which forms the tunica intima of the duct wall. At the proximal end of the duct there is a region of secretory cells. The epithelium of the sac portion contains five morphologically distinct types of granules. The bulk of the synthesis of silk occurs in the tail of the gland, and in this region only a single type of secretory droplet is seen in the epithelium. Protein synthesis can be stimulated by the injection of 1 mg/kg acetylcholine into the body fluids. 10 min after injection, much of the protein stored in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells has been secreted into the lumen. 20 min after stimulation, the ergastoplasmic sacs form large whorls in the cytoplasm. Protein, similar in electron-opacity to protein found in the lumen, begins to form in that portion of the cytoplasm which is enclosed by the whorls. The limiting membrane of these droplets is formed by ergastoplasmic membranes which lose their ribosomes. No Golgi material has been found in these cells. Protein appears to be manufactured in the cytoplasm of the tail cells in a form which is ready for secretion.

scholarly journals LARYNGOTRACHEITIS VIRUS IN CHICKENS

1967 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betsy G. Bang ◽  
Frederik B. Bang
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Functional Restoration ◽  
Nasal Fossa ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Histochemical Change ◽  
Laryngotracheitis Virus

Infectious laryngotracheitis can be produced in chickens as an experimental model of severe nonfatal rhinitis and sinusitis. Inoculated intranasally into unanesthetized baby chicks it remains limited to the nasal fossa, produces acute desquamation of all nasal epithelia, results in functional recovery of the respiratory epithelium, but leaves important residual abnormalities. From the earliest recognizable lesions through 4½ months' convalescence, the principal changes are as follows: 1. Initial lesions, or small syncytia of intranuclear "inclusions", first identifiable in the mucociliated cells of the shallowest portion of the epithelium at about 21 hr postinoculum (the inner surface of the maxillary conchal scroll). 2. Acute sloughing, (about 3 to 7 days), marked by: (a) spread of lesions from cell to cell via multinucleated "giant cells" which progressively slough and desquamate respiratory, olfactory, and sinus epithelia, epithelial neural elements and blood vessels; (b) appearance of numbers of eosinophilic leukocytes along the basement membrane at the sites of lesions just previous to sloughing; intensive infiltration of the submucosa with small lymphocytes after sloughing begins; (c) histochemical change in the intracellular mucus of the cells which comprise the syncytia: this mucus stains with Alcian blue alone when stained with AB-PAS; and (d) all cartilages of the maxillary conchae become flaccid, and the cell nuclei and matrix lose both basophilic and Alcian blue staining properties, effects which recede by about the 8th day. 3. Repair (about 8 to 21 days), marked by rapid initial spread of a sheet of epithelial cells over the infiltrated subrmucosa, appearance of numbers of plasma cells circulating in the tissues, formation of encapsulated secondary nodules, and mucosal adhesions. 4. Convalescence (about 1 to 4½ months when experiments terminated), marked by functional restoration of the mucociliary lining of the nasal fossa. However, at 4½ months eight specimens all show complete metaplasia of the olfactory organ (end nerves, supporting cells, and glands of Bowman) to mucociliated epithelium, all show abnormal formation and alignment of mucous acini, and about 50% have severe persistent sinusitis.

Histochemical observations on the tegumentary epithelium and interproglottidal glands of Moniezia expansa (Rud., 1805) (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea)

Parasitology ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Howells ◽  
D. A. Erasmus
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
Light Microscope Level ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Moniezia Expansa

Regional differences in the tegumentary tissue of Moniezia expansa, as revealed at the light-microscope level by histological and histochemical techniques, are described and evidence for secretory activity by the interproglottidal glands is presented.In very immature proglottides the interproglottidal glands are at the ‘precryptic’ stage. Gland cells may be differentiated from other tegumentary cells by their high RNA content and in certain gland cells the presence of an alcian blue staining material.In mature proglottides the glands consist of rosette-like clusters of cells around crypt-like intuckings of the tegument. Two types of cells are found in the gland, small alcian blue-staining cells which are most numerous in the neck region of the crypt, and larger cells, the predominant gland cells, which do not stain with alcian blue but possess non-specific esterase activity. No other tegumentary cells in Moniezia exhibit this activity. Esterase and phosphatase activity is found in the tegument and crypt of the glands and in the interproglottidal folds.The non-enzyme histochemistry confirms and extends the observations of previous workers.Cytochrome oxidase and succinic dehydrogenase were detected in the tegumentary cells and tegument. Very strong reactions were given in the neck and scolex, with a progressive diminution of activity posteriorly along the strobila. Very low activities were recorded in the tegument of the glands.

Dual action of sonic hedgehog on chondrocyte hypertrophy:retrovirus mediated ectopic sonic hedgehog expression in limb bud micromass culture induces novel cartilage nodules that are positive for alkaline phosphatase and type X collagen

1997 ◽  
Vol 110 (21) ◽  
pp. 2691-2701 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.S. Stott ◽  
C.M. Chuong
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
Type X Collagen ◽  
Chondrocyte Maturation

Members of the vertebrate hedgehog gene family (HH) are involved in patterning and modulation of differentiation. Recently it has been shown that ectopic expression of HH gene family members in vivo blocks chondrocyte maturation through activation of a parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP) dependent negative regulatory loop in the perichondrium. However, the direct effect of HH on chondrocyte maturation has not been tested. Here, we studied the effect of retroviral overexpression of the chicken sonic hedgehog gene (Shh) on the growth and maturation of limb bud cells in micromass cultures. Shh is neither expressed nor required for the initiation of cellular condensation in normal micromass cultures. With Shh over-expression, micromass cultures developed novel tightly whorled nodules in addition to the normal Alcian Blue positive cartilage nodules. We characterized the new nodules and showed that they are strongly positive for alkaline phosphatase, enriched in type X collagen and weakly positive for Alcian Blue staining. Shh overexpression also increased cell proliferation, but this cannot account for the formation of the new nodules. This current study shows that misexpression of Shh in in vitro chondrogenic cultures promotes characteristics of hypertrophic chondrocytes. Thus HH has two complementary functions; a direct positive effect on chondrocyte hypertrophy in the absence of PTHrP pathway, and an indirect negative feedback loop through PTHrP to prevent other less differentiated chondrocytes from becoming hypertrophic. These two complementary actions of HH coordinate the progression of cartilage maturation.

Branching morphogenesis in the avian lung: electron microscopic studies using cationic dyes

Development ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-205
Author(s):  
Betty C. Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Branching Morphogenesis ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Interparticle Spacing ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Mouse Lung ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Avian Lung

The developing chick lung was examined in the electron microscope for intimate cell contacts between epithelium and mesenchyme, discontinuities in the basal lamina and substructure of the basement membrane. Cell filopodia were seen which crossed the basal lamina from both the epithelial and the mesenchymal cells. Ruthenium red and tannic acid staining of the basal lamina of the chick lung showed it to be thin and sometimes discontinuous at the tips compared to the more substantial basal lamina in the interbud areas. The bilaminar distribution of particles seen with ruthenium red is similar to those seen in the cornea and lens. With tannic acid staining, filaments could be seen which crossed the lamina lucida and connected with the lamina densa. Spikes perpendicular to the basal lamina were sometimes seen with a periodicity of approximately 110 nm. Alcian blue staining revealed structure similar to that seen by ruthenium red staining in the salivary and mammary glands, although the interparticle spacing was closer. Collagen was located in areas of morphogenetic stability, as has been seen by other investigators in different tissues. Collagen was coated with granules (probably proteoglycan) at periodic intervals when stained with ruthenium red. The fibrils were oriented circumferentially around the mesobronchus and were assumed to continue into the bud, but the fibres curve laterally at the middle of a bud. This orientation is opposite to that seen by another investigator in the mouse lung. In general, the observations made in the avian lung are similar to those seen in branching mammalian tissue. It is likely, therefore, that the chick lung uses strategies in its morphogenesis that are similar to those that have been elucidated previously in developing mammalian organs.

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