Anaerobic degradation of some bioflavonoids by microflora of the rumen

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 972-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Simpson ◽  
G. A. Jones ◽  
E. A. Wolin
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Bovine Rumen

The microflora of the bovine rumen under anaerobic conditions rapidly degraded bioflavonoids such as rutin, quercitrin, naringin, and hesperidin to water-soluble products. Phloroglucinol was detected as a transitory intermediate in the fermentation of rutin, quercitrin, and naringin, but not hesperidin. Other unknown phenolic compounds were also produced. Protocatechuic acid was decarboxylated to yield catechol, and catechol was not degraded.

scholarly journals Comparison of Single and Combined Use of Catechin, Protocatechuic, and Vanillic Acids as Antioxidant and Antibacterial Agents against Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli at Planktonic and Biofilm Levels

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariadna Bernal-Mercado ◽  
Francisco Vazquez-Armenta ◽  
Melvin Tapia-Rodriguez ◽  
Maria Islas-Osuna ◽  
Veronica Mata-Haro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Planktonic Bacteria ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Antioxidant Agents

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of combining catechin, protocatechuic, and vanillic acids against planktonic growing, adhesion, and biofilm eradication of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), as well as antioxidant agents. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of protocatechuic, vanillic acids and catechin against the growth of planktonic bacteria were 12.98, 11.80, and 13.78 mM, respectively. Mixing 1.62 mM protocatechuic acid + 0.74 mM vanillic acid + 0.05 mM catechin resulted in a synergistic effect acting as an MIC. Similarly, the minimum concentrations of phenolic compounds to prevent UPEC adhesion and biofilm formation (MBIC) were 11.03 and 7.13 mM of protocatechuic and vanillic acids, respectively, whereas no MBIC of catechin was found. However, combinations of 1.62 mM protocatechuic acid + 0.74 mM vanillic acid + 0.05 mM catechin showed a synergistic effect acting as MBIC. On the other hand, the minimum concentrations to eradicate biofilms (MBEC) were 25.95 and 23.78 mM, respectively. The combination of 3.20 mM protocatechuic acid, 2.97 mM vanillic acid, and 1.72 mM catechin eradicated pre-formed biofilms. The antioxidant capacity of the combination of phenolics was higher than the expected theoretical values, indicating synergism by the DPPH•, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Effective concentrations of catechin, protocatechuic, and vanillic acids were reduced from 8 to 1378 times when combined. In contrast, the antibiotic nitrofurantoin was not effective in eradicating biofilms from silicone surfaces. In conclusion, the mixture of phenolic compounds was more effective in preventing cell adhesion and eradicating pre-formed biofilms of uropathogenic E. coli than single compounds and nitrofurantoin, and showed antioxidant synergy.

scholarly journals Analysis of biochemical composition and antioxidant properties of nuts sold in the consumer marke

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-130
Author(s):  
L. P. Nilova ◽  
S. M. Malyutenkova
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
Triton X

The results of studies of the biochemical composition and antioxidant properties of nuts sold in the consumer market of St. Petersburg were presented in the work. The objects of research were kernels of nuts: sweet almonds, hazelnuts, cashews, walnuts. Total Soxhlet lipids, fatty acid composition, vitamin E, fractional composition of tocopherols and phytosterols, total phenolic compounds and flavonoids, antioxidant activity by FRAP with ferric chloride, o-phenanthroline and Triton X 100 were determined in nuts. Nuts varied in lipid content (42.6–65.4%) with a predominance of unsaturated fatty acids from 80.4 to 92.4 relative%. Oleic acid prevailed in the fatty acids of almonds, hazelnuts and cashews, while linoleic acid prevailed in walnuts. Walnuts contained the highest amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The antioxidant properties of nuts were formed by a complex of water and fat-soluble antioxidants. Fat-soluble antioxidants included vitamin E with a predominance of ?-tocopherol in the kernels of sweet almonds and hazelnuts, ?-tocopherol - in walnuts and cashews. Only sweet almond kernels contained all the tocopherol fractions. ?- and ?-tocopherols were absent in hazelnut lipids, while ?-tocopherols were absent in cashews and walnuts. ?-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol with a predominance of ?-sitosterol were identified in the composition of phytosterols in all nut kernels. Water-soluble antioxidants are mainly represented by phenolic compounds, the amount of which varies widely depending on the type of nuts: cashews

A new water-soluble bacterial NADH: fumarate oxidoreductase

2020 ◽  
Vol 367 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia V Bertsova ◽  
Ilya P Oleynikov ◽  
Alexander V Bogachev
Keyword(s):  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Domain Architecture ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fumarate Reductase ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
New Type ◽  
Prosthetic Groups ◽  
Low Rate ◽  
Covalently Bound

ABSTRACT The cytoplasmic fumarate reductase of Klebsiella pneumoniae (FRD) is a monomeric protein which contains three prosthetic groups: noncovalently bound FMN and FAD plus a covalently bound FMN. In the present work, NADH is revealed to be an inherent electron donor for this enzyme. We found that the fumarate reductase activity of FRD significantly exceeds its NADH dehydrogenase activity. During the catalysis of NADH:fumarate oxidoreductase reaction, FRD turnover is limited by a very low rate (∼10/s) of electron transfer between the noncovalently and covalently bound FMN moieties. Induction of FRD synthesis in K. pneumoniae cells was observed only under anaerobic conditions in the presence of fumarate or malate. Enzymes with the FRD-like domain architecture are widely distributed among various bacteria and apparently comprise a new type of water-soluble NADH:fumarate oxidoreductases.

scholarly journals Effects of detritus chemical composition on the anaerobic mineralization of Salvinia auriculata and Utricularia breviscapa

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-212
Author(s):  
Marcela Bianchessi da Cunha Santino ◽  
Irineu Bianchini Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Mass Balances ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Gas Formation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Loss Experiment ◽  
Carbon Particulate

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the detritus composition on the anaerobic mineralization of two species of aquatic macrophytes with different life forms (submerged and free floating). The hypothesis that guided this study was that the carbon concentration derived from detritus hydrosoluble fraction can act as a facilitating factor on its degradation.Material and MethodsIncubations containing detritus and water sample from the Óleo Lagoon (21° 33’ to 21° 37’ S and 47° to 47° 45’ to 51’ W) for each specie (Salvinia auriculata and Utricularia breviscapa) were set-up with: (i) integral detritus (sample of dried plant), (ii) lignocellulosic matrix (particulate organic matter (POM) remaining from leachate extraction) and (iii) leachate. The incubations were kept in the dark under anaerobic conditions. Daily rates of gas formation were evaluated and after 138 days, the incubations were fractioned in dissolved and particulate fractions and the mass balances were performed. A mass loss experiment (180 days) was performed for assessment of the dissolved organic carbon, particulate organic carbon and mineralized carbon variations.ResultsRegardless of the type of detritus (S. auriculata and U. breviscapa), C-mineralization was faster and higher in the DOC incubations (ca. 85%). For U. breviscapa the POM mineralization was slower than the corresponding integral detritus and S. auriculata mineralization was slower than U. breviscapa.ConclusionsThe composition of the detritus (i.e. macrophyte type, presence and proportion of leachate) interfered synergistically in anaerobic degradation of these plants. The leachate tends to act as a facilitator, supporting the growth of microorganisms and intensifying mineralization.

scholarly journals A New Noriridoid and Six Phenolic Compounds from Rhopalocnemis phalloides

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Quang Hung ◽  
Nguyen Thi Luyen ◽  
Nguyen The Cuong ◽  
Tran Huy Thai ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Tung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Nitric Oxide Production ◽  
Oxide Production ◽  
The Family

A rare noriridoid and six known phenolic compounds were isolated from the parasite plant Rhopalocnemis phalloides. Using spectroscopic methods, these compounds were identified as 10-acetoxy- cis-2-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-7-en-3-one (1), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (2), protocatechuic acid (3), gallic acid (4), coniferyl aldehyde (5), l- O-trans-cinnamoyl-β-D-glucoside (6), and coniferin (7). The noriridoid compound is the first reported from the family Balanophoraceae. Of the isolated compounds, coniferyl aldehyde had the strongest inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production (IC50 = 8.24 μM).

Antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity of new water-soluble sulfur-containing phenolic compounds

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 644-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Zenkov ◽  
E. B. Menshchikova ◽  
N. V. Kandalintseva ◽  
A. S. Oleynik ◽  
A. E. Prosenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antiinflammatory Activity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Immunotropic activity of new water-soluble sulfur-containing phenolic compounds

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 418-420
Author(s):  
O. P. Kolesnikova ◽  
E. A. Krasnov ◽  
S. Yu. Klepikova ◽  
N. V. Kandalintseva ◽  
A. E. Prosenko
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Immunotropic Activity ◽  
Sulfur Containing

scholarly journals Decolorization, Biodegradation and Detoxification of Reactive Blue Azo Dye Using Immobilized Mixed Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 53-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basma Basim Hameed ◽  
Zainab Ziad Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dye ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phase Estimation ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Batch Mode

Drastic threat to the natural system is caused by the uncontrolled release of synthetic pollutants, including azo dyes. This study centered on the decolorization and biodegradation of water soluble azo dye reactive blue (RB) in a batch mode sequential anaerobic-aerobic processes. A local sewage treatment plant was the source where activated sludge was collected to be used as non-adapted mixed culture with both free and the alginate immobilized cells for RB biodegradation. Under anaerobic conditions, the free and immobilized mixed cells were proved to completely decolorize 10 mg/ L of RB within 20 and 30 h, respectively. Alginate- immobilized mixed cells, resulted in 88%, 87%, and 87% maximum COD removals with samples containing RB at initial concentration of 10, 20, and 40 mg/L, respectively.  UV-vis spectra showed the biological cleavage of the azo bond in the anaerobic phase. Estimation of the phytotoxicity of the degraded metabolites suggested that the non-adapted immobilized mixed bacterial cells successfully detoxified RB azo dye.  

scholarly journals Leachate composition and environmental risks from waste wood dumps.

2019 ◽  
pp. 431-437
Author(s):  
Kadri Auväärt ◽  
Urmas Uri ◽  
Peeter Muiste
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Lignin Phenols ◽  
Waste Dumps ◽  
Storage Area ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Leachate Composition

High concentrations of phenols can be found in leachate and stormwater of woodprocessing, storage and disposal sites. Although timber is a natural product, mishandlingof wood waste may harm the environment.As a common practice, wood residues were dumped in landfills in Estonia. As a nationalstrategy, it has been decided to close all of the dumping sites. In many cases, woodresidues have been used for capping of municipal dump sites. It has been suspected, thatenvironmentally hazardous phenolic compounds may be leaching out from such landfills.Pathways for generation of natural phenolic compounds, as well as the ecologic impact ofthem have not been studied in Estonia.In this paper, leachate composition from dumpsites of waste wood is studied and thehazards of phenols to the environment are discussed. In the wood waste, phenol can befound mainly in tannins, resin and lignin. Phenols in tannins are water-soluble, butphenols in resins are more soluble in organic solvents, such as ether, what is producedduring decomposition of lignin. Chipping and storage of wood in the water-richenvironment speeds up the leaching of phenols.The leachate from wood waste dumps is quickly purified by natural processes in the soil.It is assumed that in most cases the natural phenols do not migrate far from the dump siteor storage area. The problem may arise in case where such waste is stored near to thewater body or the leach-water is repeatedly re-circulated into the deposit of waste wood.

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