High Temperature Continuous Gas Purification and Graphitization System and Process for Carbon Particulate Materials

With the continuous development of modern science and technology, more and more new materials have been applied to production and life. As a new material, carbon granular material is made of carbon, graphite materials and other various raw materials with high carbon content through a series of processing technologies. China is one of the most widely used carbon materials in the world. The purpose of this paper is to optimize and enhance the application effect of carbon materials and promote the construction of a new economic model of energy conservation and emission reduction in China. The specific research is as follows:

Accumulation of chemically degraded organic carbon in the soil profile of Chinese fir plantations

Short-rotation forestry relies on frequent harvests of fast-growing trees, which could deplete soil fertility and soil organic carbon (SOC) reserves. Our objective was to measure the accumulation of SOC fractions, namely the dissolved organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, particulate organic carbon, permanganate-oxidizable carbon, and non-oxidizable organic carbon, in the soil profile of a Chinese fir plantation. Chronosequences of Chinese fir aged 7, 12, and 33 yr were sampled at depths of 0–20 cm, 20–40 cm, and 40–60 cm. The SOC stock (0–60 cm) was unchanged in the first 12 yr, but after 33 yr, there was a 41%–56% increase in the SOC stock, which reached 81.2 Mg ha−1 (P < 0.05). Permanganate-oxidizable carbon increased with time in the 0–20 cm layer but not in deeper soil depths, whereas non-oxidizable organic carbon accumulated preferentially in the 40–60 cm layer of the soil profile. Inputs of chemically complex plant litter in the soil profile may be important to maintain the oxidizable and non-oxidizable organic carbon in Chinese fir plantations.

Variabilitas Kualitas Udara Terhadap Aerosol Bulan Februari 2016-2019

Pengamatan Aerosol merupakan salah satu program pengukuran yang dilakukan di Stasiun Pemantau Atmosfer Global Bukit Kototabang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tren konsentrasi Aerosol (Black Carbon, Particulate Matter (PM10) dan Scattering Coefficient) di Stasiun Pemantau Atmosfer Global Bukit Kototabang dan untuk melakukan penelitian terhadap dampak kemunculan titik panas di Sumatera dengan pemantauan Aerosol. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan data pengamatan pada bulan Februari 2016-2019. Metode yang digunakan yaitu dengan pengamatan yang dilakukan selama 24 jam melalui instrumen Catcos Magee Scientific Aethalometer untuk pengamatan Black Carbon, BAM 1020 untuk pengamatan PM10, Ecotech M9003 Integrating Nephelometer untuk pengamatan Scattering Coefficient dan pantauan titik panas (hotspot) di pulau Sumatera diambil dari data harian titik panas dari Satelit MODIS (Terra, Aqua, dan SNPP) dengan tingkat kepercayaan diatas 70%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan konsentrasi PM 10 dan Aerosol Scattering Coeficient meningkat pada Februari 2019 dengan bertambahnya jumlah titik panas yaitu 367 titik dan arah pergerakan angin dominan dari timur dan timur laut. Sedangkan peningkatan titik panas pada tahun 2018 meningkatkan konsentrasi Black Carbon dan PM10

Detection of tar brown carbon with the single particle soot photometer (SP2)

We investigate the possibility that the refractory, infrared-light-absorbing carbon particulate material known as tar balls or tar brown carbon (tar brC) generates a unique signal in the scattering and incandescent detectors of the single particle soot photometer (SP2). As recent studies have defined tar brC in different ways, we begin by reviewing the literature and proposing a material-based definition of tar. We then show that tar brC results in unique SP2 signals due to a combination of complete or partial evaporation, with no or very little incandescence. Approximately 70 % of tar particles incandesced. At the time of incandescence the ratio of light scattering to incandescence from these particles was up to twofold greater than from soot black carbon (BC). In our sample, where the mass of tar was threefold greater than the mass of soot, this led to a bias of

Carbon fractions and stock in response to solid and fluid organomineral fertilizers in highly fertile soils

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the application of organomineral and mineral fertilizers to highly fertile soils on the carbon management index (CMI) and carbon fractions and stock. The experiment was carried out on an Oxisol and Inceptisol, under no-tillage, in three crop seasons. The treatments consisted of two organomineral fertilizers and of two mineral fertilizers in solid and fluid forms, besides a control without fertilization. The application of organomineral and mineral fertilizers, in solid and fluid forms, to the different soil classes with high fertility promoted changes in total organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, and carbon associated with minerals, as well as in carbon stocks and the CMI. In the treatments with fluid mineral fertilizer and solid organomineral fertilizer, such changes occurred only in the Inceptisol due to the lower degree of weathering of this soil. The higher values of the CMI, with the fluid mineral fertilizer in the Inceptisol, allow inferring on which would be the best management practice aiming at the increase and maintenance of carbon in the soil-plant system, based on the yield results of wheat, sorghum, and corn, which were similar to those obtained with the other fertilizers.