Astringency in fruits. I. Microbial degradation of catechin

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Chandra ◽  
W. Madhavakrishna ◽  
Y. Nayudamma
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Streptomyces Species ◽  
Enrichment Techniques

Four molds (Aspergillus fumigatus, A. terreus, A. niger, Penicillium species) and a Streptomyces species capable of degrading catechin were isolated from soil by enrichment techniques. These organisms and Aspergillus flavus (dicat), isolated from a dicatechin medium, were compared for their ability to degrade catechin. The studies indicated that A. flavus (dicat) was the most active of the organisms tested. The degradation of catechin by A. flavus (dicat) was optimal at pH 5.0 and 0.3% catechin. Phloroglucinol carboxylic acid and protocatechuic acid were identified as products of the degradation.

Purification and properties of a phenol carboxylic acid acyl esterase from Aspergillus flavus

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1455-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Child ◽  
T. Oka ◽  
F. J. Simpson ◽  
H. G. Krishnamurty
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Purification And Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Active Preparation

Aspergillus flavus produces an extracellular esterase that hydrolyses phenolic carboxylic acid acyl esters. An assay based upon the measurement of the rate of release of phloroglucinol on hydrolysis of the ester of phloroglucinol and protocatechuic acid is described. The most active preparation hydrolyzed 30.8 μmoles of substrate per minute per milligram of protein and was active against a wide range of esters of meta and para hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives.The enzyme was isolated as a homogeneous protein, as judged by ultracentrifugation and by electrophoresis and had an isoelectric point of pH 4.45. The molecular weight was determined as 166 000. The enzyme is a glycoprotein containing 42.8% carbohydrate and the amino acid composition is described.

MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION OF RUTIN

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 621-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. S. Westlake ◽  
G. Talbot ◽  
E. R. Blakley ◽  
F. J. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Acid Ester ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Culture Collections ◽  
Microbial Decomposition ◽  
Enrichment Techniques ◽  
Rutin And Quercetin

A number of molds, streptomycetes, and bacteria, obtained from culture collections and by enrichment techniques, were tested for their ability to degrade rutin. The molds, particularly Aspergillus fiavus and A. niger, appeared to be more active than either the streptomycetes or bacteria. The aspergilli when grown on either rutin or quercetin produced extracellular enzymes that degraded both rutin and quercetin but not quercitrin. Rutinose, protocatechuic acid, phloroglucinol carboxylic acid, and a phloroglucmo! carboxylic acid – protocatechuic acid ester were identified by paper chromatography as the products.

scholarly journals عزل وتعريف واختبار كفاءة بعض الفطريات في تحلل الهيدروكربون من التربة الملوثة بالنفط

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
سعاد محمد خليفة أبوالغيث ◽  
أحلام القمودي محمد زعيط
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Malt Extract Agar ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Extract Agar

استهدفت هذه الدراسة عزل بعض أنواع الفطريات من التربة الملوثة بالهيدروكربون بمصفاة الزاوية لتكرير النفط، حيث تم عزل وتعريف بعض الفطريات مثل Rhizopus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nidulans وأوضحت نتائج هذه الدراسة أن تواجد وتنوع فطر Aspergillus قد تفوق معنويا مقارنة بتواجد وتنوع فطرRhizopus. كما تم في هذه الدراسة اختبار قدرة وكفاءة الفطريات المعزولة على النمو واستغلال المركبات الهيدروكربونية المتمثلة في زيت الحمادة وزيت الشرارة بتركيز 1% و3%، حيث أوضحت النتائج بأن جنس Rhizopus سجل أعلى معدل للنمو على الوسط الغذائي Malt Extract Agar، وسجل كلا من فطر A. fumigatus وفطر A. flavus معدّل النمو القطري أعلى معنويا من النمو القطري لفطرA. niger  وفطر A. nidulans. هذه المعدّلات العالية تدل على إمكانية استخدام الفطريات المعزولة في المعالجة البيولوجية للتربة الملوّثة بالنفط.

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman Kapang Patogen dan Non Patogen pada Imago, Kokon, dan Larva Instar Keenam Ulat Sutera Liar Attacus atlas (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Agustin Indrawati ◽  
Damiana Rita Ekastuti ◽  
Erdina Pangestika ◽  
Reinilda Alwina
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Microscopic Observation ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Aspergillus Versicolor ◽  
Wild Silkworm ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogenic

Attacus atlas is one of several mould species in Indonesia known as kupu-kupu gajah. Information about variety of mould is rarely known. The purpose of this research was to obtain data about variety of pathogenic or non pathogenic mould at imago,cocoon, and sixth larvae phase of wild silkworm A. atlas. Mould was isolated from cocoon, integument, alimentary duct and reproduction duct of imago, trachea, midgut and hindgut, also haemolymph of larvae. Isolated mould was cultured on potato dextrose agar. Isolated mould from cocoon and imago was identified by macroscopic and microscopic observation. The results showed that there were two kind of moulds from cocoon which were Fusarium oxysporum  and Aspergillus flavus. There were four kind of moulds from imago A. atlas which were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium dimerum, and Aspergillus sp.There were three kind of moulds from sixth larvae which were Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, and Fusarium dimerum. The mould which has opportunistic pathogenic for Attacus atlas were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus  flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Fusarium dimerum.

scholarly journals PRESENTATION PATTERN AND FUNGAL AGENTS SPECTRUM CAUSING OTOMMYCOSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Kassim Dekhil
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
The Public

 Objective: This study was aimed to identify the public pattern of presentation, influencing factors, and sort the fungal species, distribution of sex of patients with otomycosis.Results: The predominant complaints were pruritus and found in 76 patients (88.73%), discomfort and pain found in 62 patients (72.09%), aural fullness in 48 patients (55.81%), tinnitus in 34 patients (39.53%), hearing impairment in 50 cases (58.31%), ear discharge in 22 patients (25.58%), and most of the symptoms seen in 36 patients (68.14%). The results showed a total of eight fungal species belong to six different genera, namely, Aspergillus, Candida, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Alternaria, and Cephalosporium were isolated during this study. Among identified fungi, Aspergillus niger was found to be the most prevalent fungal species with 35.71% followed by Candida albicans (27.55%), Aspergillus flavus (10.20%), Aspergillus fumigatus (8.16), Penicillium digitatum (6.12%) and Cephalosporium species (4.08%), and Rhizopus species (5.1%), while Alternaria alternata had the lowest percentage (6.54%).Conclusion: Otomycosis/mycotic otitis externa is still a common problem and there is a rise in the occurrence of otomycosis in latest years, especially in tropical and subtropical humid climates.

Effect of Other Toxigenic Mold Species on Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillus flavus in Sterile Broth Shake Culture

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 449-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP B. MISLIVEC ◽  
MARY W. TRUCKSESS ◽  
LEONARD STOLOFF
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Penicillium Citrinum ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Shake Culture ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Heat Stable

The effect of Aspergillus ochraceus, A. versicolor, Penicillium citrinum, P. cyclopium and P. urticae on production of aflatoxin by A. flavus when grown together with A. flavus in rotary shake culture was investigated. The two aspergilli had no apparent effect on aflatoxin production, whereas all three Penicillium species substantially lowered aflatoxin production. The toxins that these penicillia produced when growing in pure culture were not found when the penicillia were grown with A. flavus. However, these toxins had no effect on aflatoxin production added to the growth media, nor did the three molds metabolize aflatoxin. When A. flavus was grown in both filter- and autoclave-sterilized filtrates of these three species, no aflatoxins were produced, although A. flavus grew well. These results suggest that although A. ochraceus and A. versicolor have no apparent effect on aflatoxin production, P. citrinum, P. cyclopium and P. urticae produce heat-stable, nonfilterable metabolite(s) which inhibit(s) aflatoxin production by actively growing A. flavus.

Disinfection of selected Aspergillus spp. using ultraviolet germicidal irradiation

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher F Green ◽  
Pasquale V Scarpino ◽  
Paul Jensen ◽  
Nancy J Jensen ◽  
Shawn G Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Testing Unit ◽  
Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation ◽  
Airborne Fungal Spores ◽  
Agar Surface ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Higher Doses

Aims: The efficacy of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) and the UVGI dose necessary to inactivate fungal spores on an agar surface for cultures of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus were determined. Methods and results: A four-chambered UVGI testing unit with a 9-W, Phillips, low pressure, mercury UVGI lamp in each chamber was used in this study. An aperture was adjusted to provide 50, 100, 150, and 200 µW/cm2 of uniform flux to the surfaces of the Petri dish, resulting in a total UVGI dose to the surface of the Petri dishes ranging from 12 to 96 mJ/cm2. The UVGI dose necessary to inactivate 90% of the A. flavus and A. fumigatus was 35 and 54 mJ/cm2, respectively. Conclusions: UVGI can be used to inactivate culturable fungal spores. Aspergillus flavus was more susceptible than A. fumigatus to UVGI. Significance and impact of the study: These results may not be directly correlated to the effect of UVGI on airborne fungal spores, but they indicate that current technology may not be efficacious as a supplement to ventilation unless it can provide higher doses of UVGI to kill spores traveling through the irradiated zone.Key words: Aspergillus, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, fungi.

scholarly journals In VitroInteractions of Antifungal Agents and Tacrolimus against Aspergillus Biofilms

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 7097-7099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lujuan Gao ◽  
Yi Sun
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Antagonistic Effects

ABSTRACTAspergillusbiofilms were prepared fromAspergillus fumigatus,Aspergillus flavus, andAspergillus terreusvia a 96-well plate-based method, and the combined antifungal activity of tacrolimus with azoles or amphotericin B againstAspergillusbiofilms was investigated via a broth microdilution checkerboard technique system. Our results suggest that combinations of tacrolimus with voriconazole or amphotericin B have synergistic inhibitory activity againstAspergillusbiofilms. However, combinations of tacrolimus with itraconazole or posaconazole exhibit no synergistic or antagonistic effects.

scholarly journals Lack of Host Specialization inAspergillus flavus

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 320-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond J. St. Leger ◽  
Steven E. Screen ◽  
Bijan Shams-Pirzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
Insect Hemocytes ◽  
Corn Kernels ◽  
Bean Leaves

ABSTRACT Aspergillus spp. cause disease in a broad range of organisms, but it is unknown if strains are specialized for particular hosts. We evaluated isolates of Aspergillus flavus,Aspergillus fumigatus, and Aspergillus nidulansfor their ability to infect bean leaves, corn kernels, and insects (Galleria mellonella). Strains of A. flavus did not affect nonwounded bean leaves, corn kernels, or insects at 22°C, but they killed insects following hemocoelic challenge and caused symptoms ranging from moderate to severe in corn kernels and bean leaves injured during inoculation. The pectinase P2c, implicated in aggressive colonization of cotton bolls, is produced by most A. flavus isolates, but its absence did not prevent colonization of bean leaves. Proteases have been implicated in colonization of animal hosts. All A. flavus strains produced very similar patterns of protease isozymes when cultured on horse lung polymers. Quantitative differences in protease levels did not correlate with the ability to colonize insects. In contrast to A. flavus, strains ofA. nidulans and A. fumigatus could not invade living insect or plant tissues or resist digestion by insect hemocytes. Our results indicate that A. flavus has parasitic attributes that are lacking in A. fumigatus and A. nidulans but that individual strains of A. flavus are not specialized to particular hosts.

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