scholarly journals A temperate bacteriophage of Clostridium perfringens

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1085-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Mahony ◽  
G. G. Kalz
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Temperate Bacteriophage ◽  
Acridine Orange Staining ◽  
Lysogenic Strain ◽  
Step Growth ◽  
Growth Experiments ◽  
Diphenylamine Reaction

A temperate bacteriophage was isolated from a lysogenic strain of Clostridium perfringens. This lysogenic strain was inducible by ultraviolet light. Plaques produced on solid medium were small with turbid centers. Electron microscopy revealed that the phage has a polyhedral head, 80 × 70 mμ, and a striated tail, 200 mμ long.One-step growth experiments revealed latent and release periods of 45 minutes each. Phage yields were variable but, in general, quite low. The adsorption rate and temperature and pH stability of the phage were determined.The diphenylamine reaction and acridine orange staining suggested that the phage nucleic acid is deoxyribonucleic acid.

Intracellular development of a bacteriophage of Clostridium perfringens

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 983-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Mahony ◽  
K. B. Easterbrook
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Indicator Strain ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Head Diameter ◽  
Complete Lysis ◽  
One Step ◽  
Step Growth ◽  
Growth Experiments ◽  
Fluid Culture

A new bacteriophage of Clostridium perfringens was isolated which could cause complete lysis of its indicator strain in fluid culture. The adsorption characteristics and one-step growth experiments revealed that the phage rapidly adsorbed to the indicator strain and had a latent period of 45 min. Electron microscopy was performed on both thin sections and partially lysed preparations of infected bacteria at intervals throughout the growth cycle of the phage. This phage, named CPT4, has a head diameter of 64 nm and a striated tail 170 × 10 nm. In addition to these complete phages a number of "petit" phage forms was apparent in lysates. These forms were 55 nm in diameter, possessed no tail, and probably contained no nucleic acid.Morphogenic studies revealed that head forms appeared 30 min postinfection and that tails were present by 35 min. Assembly of mature phage particles seemed complete 40 min postinfection.

Complete genome sequence of ΦCP51, a temperate bacteriophage of Clostridium perfringens

2013 ◽  
Vol 158 (9) ◽  
pp. 2015-2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Gervasi ◽  
Rosario Lo Curto ◽  
Arjan Narbad ◽  
Melinda J. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Temperate Bacteriophage

scholarly journals Generation of flagella by cultured mouse spermatids.

1984 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 619-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
G L Gerton ◽  
C F Millette
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Fibrous Sheath ◽  
Acridine Orange Staining ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Fetal Bovine ◽  
Outer Dense Fibers ◽  
Unit Gravity Sedimentation

During the short-term culturing of mouse spermatogenic cells, flagella were generated by round spermatids previously lacking tails. Unseparated germ cells were obtained by enzymatic treatments and round spermatids (greater than 90% pure) were purified by unit gravity sedimentation. As determined by Nomarski or phase-contrast microscopy, no cells had flagella immediately after isolation; flagella were first clearly detected after 6 1/2 h of culture in Eagle's minimal essential medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 6 mM lactate. After 24 h, approximately 20% of round spermatids had formed flagella. Multinucleated round spermatids often formed multiple flagella, the number never exceeding the number of nuclei per symplast. Round spermatids were the only spermatogenic cells capable of tail formation. Flagella elongation was blocked by 1 microM demecolcine, an inhibitor of tubulin polymerization. Indirect immunofluorescence localized tubulin in the flagella. As seen by scanning electron microscopy, flagella developed as early as 2 h after culture and continued to elongate over the next 20 h, reaching lengths of at least 19 micron. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that flagella formed in culture resembled flagella from Golgi-phase round spermatids in situ; the flagella consisted of "9+2" axonemes lacking other accessory structures such as outer dense fibers and the fibrous sheath. As determined by acridine orange staining of the developing acrosomes, all spermatids that formed flagella in culture were Golgi-phase spermatids. By these criteria, the structures are indeed true flagella, corresponding in appearance to what others have described for early mammalian spermatid flagella in situ. We believe this is the first substantiated report of limited in vitro differentiation by isolated mammalian spermatids.

scholarly journals The UL49 gene product of BoHV-1: a major factor in efficient cell-to-cell spread

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 2269-2274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donata Kalthoff ◽  
Harald Granzow ◽  
Sascha Trapp ◽  
Martin Beer
Keyword(s):  
Gene Product ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Artificial Chromosome ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Viral Glycoprotein ◽  
Critical Pathway ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Step Growth ◽  
Growth Experiments ◽  
Cell Spread

The role of the UL49 gene product, VP22, of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) in virus replication was characterized with respect to a putative functional interaction of VP22 with the viral glycoprotein E (gE) during BoHV-1 cell-to-cell spread. Deletion of the open reading frames of UL49 and/or gE from an infectious BoHV-1 bacterial artificial chromosome clone did not severely impair the production of viral progeny in single-step growth experiments. However, plaque sizes induced by a VP22-negative BoHV-1 were reduced by 52 %, whilst for the gE/VP22-negative double-deletion mutant a reduction of 83 % could be observed in comparison with parental and revertant viruses, which was consistent with a marked reduction in multi-step growth experiments at early time points. These results suggest that gE and VP22 are important for BoHV-1 cell-to-cell spread, and that both are likely to act independently of each other in a critical pathway for virus cell-to-cell spread.

scholarly journals The deoxyribonucleic acid of Micrococcus radiodurans

1966 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
AH Schein
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
High Molecular Weight Dna ◽  
Caesium Chloride

The DNA of Micrococcus radiodurans was prepared by three methods. Although the recovery of DNA varied considerably, the percentage molar base ratios of the DNA from the three preparations were essentially the same: guanine, 33+/-2; adenine, 18+/-1; cytosine, 33+/-2; thymine, 17+/-1. Base compositions calculated from T(m) values and from density in caesium chloride gradients also yielded guanine+cytosine contents of 66 and 68% of total bases respectively. No unusual bases were observed. The S(20,w) values were characteristic of high-molecular-weight DNA. Electron microscopy showed the purified DNA in long strands; occasionally these were coiled.

scholarly journals Wall-less microbial isolate from a human renal biopsy

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-107
Author(s):  
P B Fernandes ◽  
C Panos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Renal Biopsy ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Kidney Biopsy ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Hypertonic Medium ◽  
Rigid Cell Wall ◽  
Colonial Morphology

An orgainsm was isolated from a kidney biopsy of a patient with renal failure. Electron microscopy revealed an ultrastructure very similar to that of a bacterial L-form or mycoplasma. But macroscopically, its colonial morphology was unusual and distinct from that ascribed to these wall-less organisms. This isolate lacked a rigid cell wall and required a hypertonic medium with serum for growth. Also, a long incubation period was essential for its growth, and use of hand lens was necessary for detection on solid medium.

scholarly journals Antibodies to CD9, a Tetraspan Transmembrane Protein, Inhibit Canine Distemper Virus-Induced Cell-Cell Fusion but Not Virus-Cell Fusion

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (16) ◽  
pp. 7554-7561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Schmid ◽  
Andreas Zurbriggen ◽  
Uta Gassen ◽  
Bert Rima ◽  
Volker ter Meulen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fusion ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Step Growth ◽  
Growth Experiments ◽  
Cell Cell

ABSTRACT Canine distemper virus (CDV) causes a life-threatening disease in several carnivores including domestic dogs. Recently, we identified a molecule, CD9, a member of the tetraspan transmembrane protein family, which facilitates, and antibodies to which inhibit, the infection of tissue culture cells with CDV (strain Onderstepoort). Here we describe that an anti-CD9 monoclonal antibody (MAb K41) did not interfere with binding of CDV to cells and uptake of virus. In addition, in single-step growth experiments, MAb K41 did not induce differences in the levels of viral mRNA and proteins. However, the virus release of syncytium-forming strains of CDV, the virus-induced cell-cell fusion in lytically infected cultures, and the cell-cell fusion of uninfected with persistently CDV-infected HeLa cells were strongly inhibited by MAb K41. These data indicate that anti-CD9 antibodies selectively block virus-induced cell-cell fusion, whereas virus-cell fusion is not affected.

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