Caractères biologiques de souches du virus de l'influenza adaptées à 29 °C et à 41 °C

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 867-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Boudreault ◽  
G. Lussier ◽  
V. Pavilanis
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Pathological Response ◽  
Mouse Lung ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Live Virus Vaccine ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Virus Strains

Two mouse-adapted influenza virus strains were adapted to growth at 29 °C by a gradual lowering of the temperature of incubation in embryonated eggs. The growth of these two cold variants was completely inhibited at 41 °C. The cold and hot variants showed no significant difference in rise in the infectious titer in the mouse lung but a marked reduction in mortality and pathological response was observed with the cold variants, while good antibody response was stimulated in both cases. The cold variants were better interferon inducers in chick embryo. However, neither cold nor hot variants induced more than detectable amounts of interferon in blood, spleen, or lungs of infected mice. These cold variants possess many characteristics suitable for an effective live virus vaccine.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequences of Four African Horse Sickness Virus Strains from a Commercial Tetravalent Live Attenuated Vaccine

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Guthrie ◽  
Peter Coetzee ◽  
Darren P. Martin ◽  
Carina W. Lourens ◽  
Estelle H. Venter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
African Horse Sickness ◽  
African Horse Sickness Virus ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Live Virus Vaccine ◽  
Virus Strains

This is a report of the complete genome sequences of plaque-selected isolates of each of the four virus strains included in a South African commercial tetravalent African horse sickness attenuated live virus vaccine.

scholarly journals Assessment of population susceptibility to upcoming seasonal influenza epidemic strain using interepidemic emerging influenza virus strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin-Lei Chen ◽  
Wai-Lan Wu ◽  
Wan-Mui Chan ◽  
Carol H. Y. Fong ◽  
Anthony C. K. Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Influenza Epidemic ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Virus Strains

Abstract Seasonal influenza virus epidemics have a major impact on healthcare systems. Data on population susceptibility to emerging influenza virus strains during the interepidemic period can guide planning for resource allocation of an upcoming influenza season. This study sought to assess the population susceptibility to representative emerging influenza virus strains collected during the interepidemic period. The microneutralisation antibody titers (MN titers) of a human serum panel against representative emerging influenza strains collected during the interepidemic period before the 2018/2019 winter influenza season (H1N1-inter and H3N2-inter) were compared with those against influenza strains representative of previous epidemics (H1N1-pre and H3N2-pre). A multifaceted approach, incorporating both genetic and antigenic data, was used in selecting these representative influenza virus strains for the MN assay. A significantly higher proportion of individuals had a ⩾four-fold reduction in MN titers between H1N1-inter and H1N1-pre than that between H3N2-inter and H3N2-pre (28.5% (127/445) vs. 4.9% (22/445), P < 0.001). The geometric mean titer (GMT) of H1N1-inter was significantly lower than that of H1N1-pre (381 (95% CI 339–428) vs. 713 (95% CI 641–792), P < 0.001), while there was no significant difference in the GMT between H3N2-inter and H3N2-pre. Since A(H1N1) predominated the 2018–2019 winter influenza epidemic, our results corroborated the epidemic subtype.

scholarly journals Comparative trials of live attenuated and detergent split influenza virus vaccines

1975 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Mackenzie ◽  
Isobel Mackenzie ◽  
Julie Lloyd ◽  
Veronica Dent
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Subunit Vaccine ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Live Virus Vaccine

SUMMARYComparative clinical trials of live attenuated and detergent-split subunit influenza virus vaccines were undertaken with 1048 volunteers in Western Australia. Volunteers were divided into three main groups, each of which received either live virus vaccine or a saline control administered intranasally, or subunit vaccine injected subcutaneously. No differences were recorded between the three groups in their post-vaccination symptoms. Serum samples were collected at various times up to 50 weeks after vaccination, and antibody titres were measured by haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests and, for 231 volunteers, by virus neutralization tests. The two vaccines were almost equivalent in inducing seroconversion in vaccinees with pre-trial HI titres of 96 or less, but the subunit vaccine stimulated a higher geometric mean HI antibody titre. The longevity of the HI antibody response was greater for the live virus vaccine. The height of the response and the longevity of neutralizing antibody were the same for both vaccines. Both vaccines provided a high degree of protection against epidemic A/England/42/72 influenza, and some protection against A/Port Chalmers/1/73 influenza.

scholarly journals ANTIBODY RESPONSE OF HUMAN BEINGS FOLLOWING VACCINATION WITH INFLUENZA VIRUSES

1942 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. Hirst ◽  
E. R. Rickard ◽  
Loring Whitman ◽  
F. L. Horsfall
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antibody Levels

Eleven different preparations of influenza virus were used to vaccinate large groups of human beings. The antibody response to these vaccines was measured by means of the in vitro agglutination inhibition test, and the geometric mean titers of sera taken 2 weeks after vaccination were compared. From these comparisons the following conclusions were drawn: 1. There was a wide individual variation in the antibody response of human beings to the same preparation of influenza virus administrated subcutaneously. The amount of antibody produced by a group with a low prevaccination antibody level was very nearly the same as the amount produced by groups that had higher initial levels. 2. The use of the X strain of distemper virus in the preparation of an influenza vaccine did not enhance the antigenicity of the influenza virus present. 3. Within certain limits the mean antibody response of human beings increased as the amount of virus injected was increased. When large amounts of influenza A virus were given, the antibody response was of the same order of magnitude as that which occurred following actual infection by this virus. 4. When the vaccine was prepared from allantoic fluid, there was no significant difference in the antibody response of human beings given active virus, formalin-inactivated virus, heat-inactivated virus, or virus inactivated by the drying process. 5. Ground infected chick embryos, when diluted with infected allantoic fluid, gave a greater antibody response than allantoic fluid alone (when the virus remained active). The antigenicity of such a preparation was diminished when the virus was inactivated by formalin. 6. Antibody levels 6 and 9 weeks after vaccination showed a marked drop from the 2-week postvaccination levels. In a small group the antibody levels at 5 months were still further reduced. Those individuals who possessed the higher titers tended to lose their antibodies faster than did those at a lower level.

RELATIONS ENTRE LES PROPRIÉTÉS CYTOPATHOGÉNIQUES, HÉMADSORBANTES ET HÉMAGGLUTINANTES DU VIRUS DE L'INFLUENZA

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Boudreault ◽  
V. Pavilanis
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Monkey Kidney ◽  
Kidney Cells ◽  
Neutral Ph ◽  
Virus Strains ◽  
Chick Kidney

Quantitative relations between hemadsorption, hemagglutination, and cytopathogenicity of influenza virus strains have been studied. The influenza virus has been cultivated on monkey kidney, chick kidney, and chick embryo cells.It was shown that hemadsorption can also be used for titration of influenza virus adapted on tissue culture.This technic is a reliable and sensitive one. It was also found that the growth of influenza virus is better in a medium of neutral pH and that chicks' age is not an important factor in the multiplication of the virus on chick kidney cells.

THE USE OF BETA-PROPIOLACTONE FOR THE PREPARATION OF VIRUS VACCINES: II. ANTIGENICITY

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 871-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Polley ◽  
Muriel M. Guerin
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Specific Antibody Response

An investigation has been made of the antigenicity of influenza virus suspensions rendered noninfective with beta-propiolactone (BPL). By treatment with BPL under various conditions, influenza vaccines could be prepared which were antigenic as indicated by production of specific antibody response in mice and guinea pigs. These vaccines were also immunizing as evidenced by their capacity to protect mice against challenge with live virus.

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